初二下第六单元同步语法图解word版

《初二下第六单元同步语法图解word版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初二下第六单元同步语法图解word版（29页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、 . . Unite 6 How long have you been collecting shells?Section A 语法部分：学考对接1. How long have you been collecting shells?难句剖析havehas been+doing是现在完成进行时态，表示从过去某一时刻或某一段时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能仍然在进行。 He has been reading the book for four hours他已经连续读这本书4个小时了。how long多长(用于提问物体的长度)；多长时间(用于提问一段时间) -How long is th

2、e bridge?这座桥有多长? Its about 600 meters大约600米。How long have you worked in this factory?你在这家工厂工作多长时间了?how long，how soon与how often how long多长时间提问某动作或状态发生的时问长短，与延续性动词连用。how long也可提问物体的长度how soon过多久之后提问某人“多久”能做好某事，或某事“多久”能完成，使用将来时态，一般提问“in+一段11寸间”的短语how 0ften多久一次提问某动作或状态发生的频率，常用于提问频度副词或频度短语How long can yo

3、n stay at home during summer holiday?暑假你能在家待多久? How long is this river?这条河有多长? How soon can you finish the drawing?过多久你才能画完画? How often do you visit your mother?你多长时间看你妈妈一次?中考体验：_have you been away from your hometown，Janet?一Since 5 years ago -Since 5 years ago AHow many BHow long C. How much DHOW of

4、tencollect作动词，意为“收集；搜集”。 He has a hobby to collect stamps他有集邮的爱好。collector名词，收藏者，收藏家collection名词，收藏品collect与gather不同点相同点 collect指为了研究、爱好或欣赏而进行的整理一II-r贡的收集，侧重于“收集”都可用于指把东西从各处收集到一起或把人从各处聚集 gather常作不与物动词，意为“集合聚合到一起I collect foreign coins我收集外国硬币。 The children gathered round to listen to the story孩子们聚集到一

5、起来听故事。 CollectGather the books and put them on til_y desk把这些书收起来，放在我的桌子上。pair作名词，意为“一对；一双；一副”。后接可数名词复数。 I like this pair of shoes very much我非常喜欢这双鞋。 I bought a pair of trousers yesterday昨天我买了一条裤子。Apairof短语做主语时，句子的谓语动词一般用单数形式；如果是two。threesome pairs of短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用复数形式。 That pair of shoes looks nice那

6、双鞋看上去不错。 Those pairs of trousers are the boys那几条裤子是那些男孩的。since表示过去的动作延续至今后接时间点或从句常与完成 for表示过去的动作或状态延续到现在后接一段时间时连用I have lived here since 1 was born我从出生起就住在这儿了。 We have known each other for twenty years我们认识已经有20年了。 (黄冈中考)-I joined the League _May，2008What about you?-Ive been a League member_three yea

7、rs- Ain；for Bon；in Con；for D in；since talk to与交谈”，与talk with是同义短语。 She is talking towith Mr Smith她正在与史密斯先生交谈。talk about sthwithto sb的用法: talk about sthwithto sb意为“与某人谈论某事”，也可以用talk withto sbabout sth替换。 Don，t talk to me about that thing别跟我谈起那件事情。 raise作动词，意为“筹集；筹募”。 They want to raise money for sch0

8、01他们想集资办学。 All the singers sang to raise money for charity at the party在聚会上，所有的歌手都为慈善募捐而歌唱。 raise的用法举起，使升高 If you have any questions，you can raise your hand 如果有什么问题，你可以举手。提出(问题、建议等)He raised a question for discuss at the meetinggo作动词，在这里的意思是“进展，进行”。 The interview went very badly访问进展得极不顺利。 How is you

9、r work going?你工作情况如何? several作形容词，意为“几个的，数个的”。Several students need to work harder有几个学生还需要更加努力 several，all，some与manyseveral几个的用来修饰或代替可数名词，强调“三个以上，一些(但不多)” all三者或三者以上都修饰或代替单数名词时，意为“全，总，整”；修饰或指代复数名词，意为“全部，所有的some一止匕修饰或代替可数名词复数和不可数名词，常用在肯定句中；否定句、疑问句与条件句中多用anymany许多用来修饰或代替可数名词复数，表示数目All of the children

10、are here一All children are here所有的孩子都在这儿。Give me some drink给我一些饮料。She has many books她有许多书。 。one作代词，用来代替上文中所指的单数的人或物。如果代替复数名词，则用 onesI dont like this penPlease show me another one我不喜欢这支钢笔，请给我另一支。She is always the last one to get to schoo1These skirts are too expensiveWhat about those ones?这些裙子太贵了。那些怎么

11、样?(2011潍坊) The banana pie tastes deliciousCould I have another Aone Bit Cthis Dthatwhole 作形容词，意为“全部的，全体的，所有的”，同音词hole意为“洞”。The song is very popular in the whole country 这首歌在全国都很流行。whole与all whole与a11都表示“全部，整个的意思，但用法区别很大。 whole用于冠词或其他限定词后 aII用于冠词或其他限定词前all+限定词 限定词+wholeAll the children are under seve

12、n所有这些孩子都在7岁以下。It rained for three whole days雨下了整整3天。 ago作副词，意为“以前，以往”。left a few minutes ago约翰几分钟前离开了。Long long ago，there were quite a lot of trees on the hill很久很久以前，这座山上有许多树。 Ive never heard of her before我以前从未听说过她。 He told me he had finished his composition a day before他告诉我他一天前就已经写完了作文。 一 I visited

13、 him two days ago，but he had gone to Beij ing three days before我两天前去看他，但早在三天前他就去了。(中考)Jane，pleaseturn off the 1ights_ you leave the classroom AafterBbefore Cuntil Dbut英语中，“个半”的表达有两种形式：“个半”的表达是one时，后面名词用单数，如果超过one，后面名词用复数。基数词+名词+and a half: two months and a half两个半月基数词+and a half+名词复数: two and a haft

14、 months两个半月 “半个的表达 half aan意为“半个”。 half an hour半小时half a year半年Section Bwould like意为“想要；愿意”时，与want同义，用于委婉地提出请求或表示愿意提供帮后接名词、代词、动词不定式，但不能接动名词。其用法如下： would like sbto do sth的用法 would like sbto do sth想要某人做某事I would like you to help me with my English我想要你帮我学英语。 (中考)Id like you_ for a picnic with usAgoBto

15、goCgoingDwentbecause 作连词，意为“因为”。because引导一个表示原因的状语从句，表示直接的原因或理由。why引导的问句，必须由because回答；但because不能与so(N E2)连用。 1 was angry because he was late因为他迟到了，所以我很生气。 一Whv are you late for school?你为什么上学迟到了? 一Because my bike is broken因为我的自行车坏了。 I didnt go because 1 was very afraid我没有去是因为我很害怕。 because，since，as亏fo

16、rthanks for意为“为而感”。for是介词，其后要接名词或动名司，不接动词不定式Thanks for your letter Thanks for inviting meto your party你邀请我参加你的聚会。thanks for因而感强调感的原因Thanks to多亏，由于强调感的对象Thanks for your help你的帮助。Thanks to the English language，we can learn a lot from other countries由于英语这门语言，我们能从其他国家学到很多东西。globe作名词，意为“球状物，球体”。 This pla

17、nt can grow in many parts of the globe这种植物能在地球上许多地方生长。 globe与earthWe use a globe in our geography lessons我们上地理课时使用地球仪。 The earth goes around the sun地球绕着太阳转。 Please fill the hole with earth请用泥土填满这个坑。run out(of) 用完，耗尽 Have you runout of milk?你喝完牛奶了吗?run out of与run out run out 0f表示“某人用完某物”，相当于与物动词，后面可接

18、宾语，并且可用于进行时主语一般是人 run out指“某物用完了”，为不与物动词，不能用于被动语态主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词(201 1) 1We must act now because time is一YesLetS start Acoming out Bgiving out Ccutting out Drunning out room作不可数名词，意为“空间”。Is there room for me?还有我的地方吗? ThereS room for four people还有4个人的空间。room作可数名词的用法 room还可以用作可数名词，意为“房间”。 How many ro

19、oms are there in this hotel?这家旅馆里有多少房间? This room is a very pleasant one这个房间很舒服。anyone 与anybody同义，为不定代词，常用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中，用以代替 someone，意为“有人，任何人”。 I didnt meet anyone new at the party在聚会上我没有遇到任何陌生人Anyone will tell you where the shop is任何人都会告诉你商店在哪儿。 Did he leave any message for anyone?他有没有给谁留个信儿?star

20、t作动词，意为“创办，开设” ，不能用begin来代替。 He started a new shop last year去年他新开了一家商店。start作动词的用法start作动词，还可意为“(机器)开动；动身，出发”。 The man cant start the car这个人无法发动这辆车。 He started for America last week他上周动身去美国了。start与begin作动词，意为“开始”时，通常可互换。其后接动名词或动词不定式作宾语。 start作“动身”“发动开办”等意义时，不可用begin代替。By the way，where is the hospita

21、l?顺便问一下，医院在哪儿?by the way，there is a telephone message for you噢，顺便说一句，有你的一个留言。way的相关短语show sbthe way给某人指路get in the way o旬坊碍byway of以方法方式on ones way to在某人去的路上alltheway一路上on theway在路上，在途中从表面看用by the way，好像是顺便补充一点无关紧要的东西，但实际上它有时可能会引出一个对说话者至关重要的事情。By the way，do you think you could lend me$107顺便问一下，你能借给我

22、10 美元吗By the way，1 wonder if we could discuss my salary顺便问一下，我们可否谈谈我的工资问题。 common作形容词，意为“常见的，普通的，共同的，公共的”。 Snow is common in cold countries在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。Its a common bag，and you can find it in every store这是个普通的包，在哪家商店都能找到。Britain and America share a common language英国和美国共用一种语言。Section Cfinish作动词，意为“完成”

23、，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。1 will finish the work in two days两天后我会完成这项工作。 Be sure to finish it as soon as possible务必尽快完成。 I finished reading the book我读完这本书了。 后接动名词作宾语的单词还有：enjoy，practice，love，like，hate，keep，mind，suggest等。 I enjoy going tO the cinema我喜欢看电影。 I practice playing the piano every day我每天练习弹钢琴。(中考) Ri

24、chard turned off the computer after he had finished_ the emailAwrite Bto writeCwriting Dwrotebe interested in对感兴趣My son is interested in the story我儿子对这个故事感兴趣。sb+be interested in+sthsb“某人对某物某人感兴趣”这个句型可以转换为：sthsb+interests+sb“某物某人使某人感兴趣”。 At present many people are interested in English= English inter

25、ests many people at present如今，有许多人对英语感兴趣。 (2011) The story is _ and all of US are _ in itAinterest；interestingBinteresting；interestCinterested；interestingDinteresting；interestedas作介词，意为“作为。As a student。it is bad manners to come late to class作为一名学生，上课迟到是不礼貌的。as作连词的用法表示时间意思是“当的时候”表示原因意思是“因为”表示让步意思是“虽然

26、，尽管”表示方式 意思是“像，按照”表示比较 意思是“像一样”I saw him as he was他下公共汽车时，As rain has fallen，it is cooler因为下过雨，天气比较凉爽。getting off the bus我看见了他。Rich as he is，he is not happy虽然他很富有，但他并不幸福。Run as I do像我这样跑。capital作名词，意为“省会，首都”。Jinan is the capital of Shandong是的省会。Beijing is the capital of China是中国的首都。capital的其他含义 capi

27、tal还可意为“大写字母”。Please write these letters in capitals请写出这些字母的大写形式。although 作连词，意为“虽然；尽管；即使；然而”，常引导让步状语从句与though同义，但although用法较正式，语气较强。ThoughAlthough my car is very old，I dont want to buy a new one虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。ThoughAlthough it was raining，we went there虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。although，though引导的从句不能与but，

28、however连用，但可与yet，still连用。AlthoughThough he believes it，yet he will not act他虽然相信它，但却不会付(2011)They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing_ they may failAifBalthoughCunless解析：此题考查连词的用法。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；although“即使”，引导让步状语从句；unless“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句；until“直到为止”，引导时间状语从句。结合句意“即使他们可能会失败，他们也要在龙舟大赛中尽最大

29、努力知应选B。the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago早在1 000多年前第一批犹太人来到时more than有以下用法：(1)more than+数词，意为“以上；多于；超过”，相当于over+数词”。 The test lasted more than two hours这项测试持续了两个多小时。 He has more than 300 pictures=He has over 300 pictures他有300多画。(2)more than+名词，意为“不只；不仅仅”。 Shes mor

30、e than a teacher to US对我们而言她不仅仅是一名老师。(3)more than+形容词或副词，意为“非常；十分；更加”。 1 was more than glad to see them我见到他们非常高兴。nonot more than的用法(1)no more than只有；只不过，仅仅 l here were no more than two small factories in that town before 以前，那个镇上只不过有两家小工厂。 (2)not more than不超过 There are not more than one hundred worke

31、rs in that factorv 那家工厂里的工人不超过100人。thousand作名词，意为“一千”。其用法主要有以下两种：(1)用于表示具体数目时用单数：one thousand一千five thousand五千ten thousand一万(2)用于表示不确切的数目，意为“成千上万的”，用复数形式，且与of连用。 Thousands of young people went tO the concert 成千上万的年轻人参加了音乐会。(中考)Because of Project Hope, _children have better livesAthousand Bthousands

32、Cthousand of Dthousands of解析：该题考查thousand一词的用法。thousand前有具体数字时，thousand不变；其前无具体数字时，thousand后加S，其后跟of。 答案：Dbut I dont really agree但我确实不同意。agree作动词，意为“同意”，其反义词是disagree。 难旬剖析 “the+形容词(副词)的比较级，the+形容词(副词)的比较级”结构，意思是“越，就越，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，前面部分是从句，后面部分是主句。The more you read，the more you will get你读得越多，得到

33、的也就越多。The more you study，the more you will know你学得越多，知道得就越多。“比较级+and+比较级”结构“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越”。Its getting warmer and warmer天气越来越暖和了。The computer sells cheaper and cheaper计算机卖得越来越便宜。(201 1)The more you smile，theyou will feelAhappy Bhappier ChappilyDmore happily解析：此题考查形容词比较级的用法。“the+比较级，the+比较级”结

34、构表示“越(就)越”；“feel+形容词为系表结构，happy的比较级形式是happier。quite作副词，意为“相当，十分，修饰形容词或副词。 Dumplings are quite delicious饺子相当好吃。quite与very(1)quite是程度副词，可修饰副词、形容词或动词，跟表示“程度的词连用时，有“相当，非常”的意思。跟“没有程度差距的词连用时，作“完全”讲。 I feel quite well我觉得身体很不错。im quite tired我相当累。 We are not quite ready我们还没有完全准备好。(2)Very也是程度副词，意为“很非常”。用于修饰形容

35、词或副词，但不可直接修饰动词。 This factory is very large这家工厂很大。He runs very fast他跑得很快。(3)有时两者可以通用，在分量上very比quite重。 His French is quite good他的法语很不错。His French is very good他的法语好极了。(be)far from离远；远离 My home is far from the sch001我家离学校很远。 ItS far from my home它离我家很远。certain作形容词，意为“确实的，无疑的”，常用于以下3种结构：1.Be certain of 某人

36、确信某事No one can be certain of living till seventy 谁也不能肯定自己能活到70岁 2. be certain to do一定会 He is certain to be back Soon他一定会很快回来的。miss主要有以下三种用法：(1)表示“想念，思念”，后接名词或动名词。 I miss you badly 我非常想念你们(2)表示“未赶上，未看到，未听到，未遇到”，后接名词或动名词。 I dont want to misswatching the TV play我不想错过看那部电视剧。(3)遗漏，省去He got up late and mi

37、ssed his breakfast他起晚了，没有吃早餐。I单项填空1. were you away from school last term?一More than two weeksAHow often BHow longCHow soon DHow much2The workers have been working formorningAwhole theBthe whole CwholeDthe a113Mrs White has been alone since her husband died two years_AagoBbeforeCafter D in4一Did you c

38、all Sara back?一I didnt need to，_ we11 have a meeting together tonightAthoughBunlessCbecauseDif5My hobby is changing all the timeNow I am_ in collecting coinsA. interesting；interestedBinterested；interestingCinterested；interestedDinteresting；interesting6Have you finished_ the flowers?AwaterBwatersCwat

39、ering Dwatered7We have been good friends_ we joined the same pingpong teamAafterBbeforeCsince8Would you like_ Chinese stamps?AcollectBto collectCcollecting Dcollected按要求改写句子，每空一词9He lived here three years ago(改为现在完成进行时)He_ _ _ here _three years ago10They a11 agree that my idea is good(改为同义句)They all_ _ me.29 / 29