模拟电子技术基础论文

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1、摘 要模拟电子技术是一门研究对仿真信号处理的模拟电路学科。模拟电路作为电气工程及其自动化专业主干课程之一.经历了长足的发.目前已经被广泛应用在我们的生活中。模拟电子技术以半导体二极管、半导体三极管和场效应管为关键电子器件.包括功率放大电路、运算放大电路、反馈放大电路、信号运算与处理电路、信号产生电路、电源稳压电路等研究方向.不断的改革创新.并应用到生产生活当中.极大的推动了科技的进步。本文概述了模拟电子技术的发展过程及其前景.接着对模拟电子技术基础每章节进行双语详解.从而达到深层次理解掌握模拟电子技术的目的。关键词:模拟电子技术.二极管.信号发生器17 / 23ABSTRACTElectron

2、ictechnologyisthestudyofsimulationofthesimulationsignalprocessingcircuit.Analogcircuitasoneofelectricalengineeringanditsautomationprofessionalbackbonecourse,experiencedalonghair,nowhasbeenwidelyusedinourlife.Analogelectronictechnologyforsemiconductordiodes,semiconductortriodeandfieldeffecttubeasthek

3、eyelectronics,includingpoweramplificationcircuit,operationalamplifiercircuit,feedbackamplificationcircuit,signaloperationandprocessingcircuit,signalcircuit,powersupplyvoltageregulatorcircuit,researchdirection,andcontinuouslyreformandinnovation,andappliedtotheproductionlife,greatlypromotedtheprogress

4、ofscienceandtechnology.Thisarticlesummarizesthedevelopmentandprospectofanalogelectronictechnology,andthenintotheanalogelectronictechnologyfoundationforeachchapterinexplanation,soastoachievetheaimofdeepunderstandmasteranalogelectronictechnology.Keywords:Analogelectronictechnology;triode;teaching;sign

5、alcircu绪 论一、 简介模拟电子技术是电子技术的一个方面,他是一个非常美丽的地方,在这个领域,数学、物理、信息工程、电气工程和自动化工程学科发现和谐集成点,其深刻的理论基础和广泛的实际应用使它有一个强大而持久的生命力。因此,对于许多相关的科学。模拟电子技术是一个非常重要的基础理论课程。一般来说,模拟电子技术是一个实用的,非常实用的课题,本文的主要目的是研究各种半导体器件的性能、电路及其应用,模拟电子技术,很多的概念,但在科学和工程专业知识的过程中学习。起着非常重要的作用,它不仅是为未来的课程奠定基础,为我们分析和解决问题的能力也是非常重要的。根据目前流行的说,就是使用一门外语进行非语言学

6、科的教学,为学生创造一个密切接触英语环境。认为,双语教学被认为是一种外语教学方法不够全面。在当今世界,有很多多元文化国家根据实际情况,在一些学校实施双语教学,双语教学是它的目的,主要是指一个语言政策是一个多元文化的国家,而不仅仅是一种教学方式。双语教学改革的实施不仅有利于培养素质高、能力强,而且教师的英语水平的提高。作为一个重要的专业电工基础课程,实施双语教学是最好的选择。模拟电子技术课程的双语教学模式,经过一系列的教学实践和探索实践证明效果是比较理想的,可以更好地扩大学生的知识,提高学习能力。根据双语教学的模式,不仅让学生根据其基本原理来解决遇到的问题的过程中学习和英语水平的提高,增强学生的

7、学习兴趣,让他们觉得有用。模拟电子技术课程的教学目标。模拟电子技术的特点是:线性和非线性的组合,直流和交流,结合电路和设备,基本的估计和物理概念的组合。目前,模拟电子技术的现状可以简单地鬼说:理论体系和紧密整合,全面介绍网络图论,通过计算机的影响,非线性电路与系统的研究方兴未艾,集成电路和超大规模的快速发展的状态将在很长一段时间对电路和系统科学的发展,在多通道设备,集成;在系统的分析方法,优化集成;在系统扩展从线性到非线性,从被动到主动,从单一元素离散扩展到集成电路系统。进入21世纪,电子技术快速发展的时代,随着技术的不断改进,使设备规模继续缩小,以不断提高集成,降低功耗,旗舰性能得到了改进。

8、随着时代的发展,将越来越多的双语教学教师和所有年龄段的学生,一方面可以提高语言能力,另一个是与世界先进的电子技术知识的整合,扩大我们的视野,与英语的国际化和电子技术的快速发展,传统的刚性的教学将逐步新颖便捷的多媒体技术来取代。多媒体课件的教学方法是一个基本出发点是基于文本、图像、声音、动画和其他方式合作,刺激学生的感官,激发学生的兴趣和严格的形式的多媒体课件和黑板,粉笔是没有区别,获得教学效果并不显著。课件的制作适当的材料,适用于木材。多媒体课件可以充分发挥学生的潜能,强化教学效果,提高教学质量为重心。但最终多媒体只是一种辅助教学手段,为了更好地利用先进的知识传播工具。课题来源随着当今世界的发

9、展.外语的应用越来越广泛.国内外语环境较差。所以教育需要创新.为此我们学校领导及老师让我们以双语课件为主题写一篇论文。双语教学不仅可以让学生与英语有亲密的环境.也能让老师的整体素质能力得到提高。在中国这个多元化国家.双语教学不仅是一种教学模式.更是一种语言政策。模拟电子技术作为一门电类相关专业的重要专业基础教程之一.实施双语教学模式是非常合适的。二、 课题研究目的及意义对于这次模拟电子技术基础使用双语教学模式.我们主要目的是能让学生在学习的过程中可以掌握两种语言.提高对英语的理解.增强学习兴趣.扩大学生的知识面。经过一系列研究实践和探索.双语教学的效果理想.不仅专业上学以致用.外语能力也得到提

10、高.学习也更加有兴趣了。这就是模拟电子技术双语教学的目的所在了。三、 国内研究现状和发展趋势及综述模拟电子技术的特点为：线性与非线性相结合.直流与交流相结合.电路与器件相结合.基本估算与物理概念相结合。目前.模拟电子技术的现状可简单地鬼难为：与系统理论紧密结合、全面引入网络图论、深受计算机的冲击、非线性电路与系统的研究方兴未艾、集成电路的出现并向超大规模迅速发展的状况将在相当长时间内左右电路与系统学科的发展；在器件上多段话、集成化；在分析方法上系统化、最佳化、可集成化；在体系上从线性扩展到非线性、从无源扩展到有源、从单元件分立扩展到电路系统的集成。进入21实际.电子技术进入了飞速发展的时代.随

11、着工艺技术的不断改进.使得器件的尺寸不断缩小.从而集成度不断提高.功耗降低.旗舰性能得到提高。Catalog1Analog Concept11.1 Element and parameter11.2 Electronic component11.3 Analog signal and digital singnal21.4 Troubleshooting Analog Circuits21.5 Basic test instrument32Diodes and Applications42.1 The Atomic Structure Of Semiconductors42.2 The PN

12、Junction62.3 Biasing the Semiconductor Diode72.4 Diode classification83Bipolar Junction Transistors93.1 Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors93.2 Transistor operating principle103.3 Characteristic curve of BJT123.4 BJT Bias Circuits133.5 Fault diagnosis of transistor bias134Field Effect Transist

13、ors154.1 Structure of Field Effect Transistors154.2 JFET Characteristics164.3 The transconductance curve of JFET174.4 Input resistance of JFET184.5 Differential amplifier195Basic Op-Amp Circuits205.1 Comparators205.2 The Effect of Noise on The Comparator215.3 Integrators and Differentia tors22Conclu

14、ding Remarks23Thank24Reference251 Analog Concept1.1 Element and parameterAccording to the types of signals that we use, we can the electronic credits into two parts: digital electronics and analog electronics. The analog circuit is used for continuous variation, while the digital circuit is used to

15、correspond to the discrete level. Analog electronics is the signal processing, such as amplification, differential, integral, and so on. And digital electronics, including arithmetic and logic operations, as is the use of computers and calculators to complete the operation. 1.2 Electronic componentI

16、n twentieth Century, the electronic system from the sender to Chittagong vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits. Integrated circuit is the function of the completion of the original, it is divided into digital integrated circuit with analog integrated circuit, one is to use two discrete v

17、oltage, and the other is to deal with the continuous change of the input signal with the output signal. In ordinary algebra, linear equations can be expressed in a linear representation of variables, and are generally written in a formula. Y=mx+bY said X is the dependent variable, independent variab

18、le, M slope, B is the intercept on the Y axis. When the intercept is zero, is to go through the origin, the B is zero, then the formula is Y=mxLinear original is the increase in the current and the voltage is proportional to the added, but also in line with the Ohms law. For most electronic componen

19、ts, the characteristic curve is the curve of the current versus voltage is defined as the characteristic curve. If the power supply reverse connection, then the circuit will be what is not the same? This time will produce more readings, will make people look very messy, prone to error.The above ment

20、ioned characteristic curve of resistance is a straight origin, and Y axis with zero intercept time. The slope of a straight line is constant and is equal to the resistance of the electrical conductivity, that is, the reciprocal of the slope is the resistance. 1.3 Analog signal and digital singnalIn

21、analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the

22、signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part . Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand

23、, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in. In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodi

24、c waveform. Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wa

25、ve in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.1.4 Troubleshooting Analog Circuits In analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. A

26、nd electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signa

27、l transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part . Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in. In order to make

28、the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is div

29、ided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generat

30、ed by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon. 1.5 Basic test instrumentIn analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the wavefo

31、rm as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only

32、take one part . Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in. In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequen

33、cy of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most impo

34、rtant waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phe

35、nomenon. 2 Diodes and Applications2.1 The Atomic Structure Of SemiconductorsIn analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improv

36、e energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part . Continuous and discrete can be us

37、ed for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in. view2-1为了让信号携带信息传递,电子波形的电压或者频率等一些能量需要变化,一般情况电信号会以某个固定的时间间隔重复,那些重复的波形被称为周期波形。周期就是完成一个循环波形所需要的时间。其中波分为好多种,比如正弦波。正弦波是最基本而且最重要的波形。它是电流或者电压的波形,跟代数中的sin波的三角函数有相同的波

38、形。正弦波是一种可由交流产生器或者无线电波中自然产生的波形。它还存在激光产生过程、音波震动等现象。In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cyc

39、le is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. view2-2Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in th

40、e algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenonview2-32.2 The PN JunctionA PN junction is a diode. In the equilibrium state, there is no current in the PN junction. The main us

41、e of the semiconductor diode is the one way electric conductivity. view2-4pn结PN junction When a pure semiconductor is generally doped n type, the general doping of P type, then in between the two regions on the formation of a PN node. In the N area, there are many free electrons and several holes wh

42、ich are thermally produced. There are many holes in the p region. The free electron.Pn structure produced by the hot electrons is the basic diode and the basis of the work of all solid state components. Diode is a component that only allows current to flow in one direction.view2-52.3 Biasing the Sem

43、iconductor DiodeThe term bias in electronics refers to a fixed DC voltage which is added to the semiconductor element to set its working conditions. Forward bias is the condition that allows the current to flow through the PN junction. Reverse bias is the bias condition to prevent the current flowin

44、g through the PN junction. As shown in the following figure. The lead out of the P region is called a positive electrode or an anode, and the lead out of the N region is called a negative electrode or a cathode3.4Diode classificationview2-62.4 Diode classificationphotodiode: The reverse current incr

45、eases with the increase of the intensity of light.view2-7When a forward current flows, the light of a certain wavelength range is sent out, and the current light emitting tube can emit light from infrared to visible light band. view2-83 Bipolar Junction Transistors3.1 Structure of Bipolar Junction T

46、ransistorsBipolar transistor, it is abbreviated as BJT. Is constructed from three doped semiconductor regions. These three regions are known as the emission region, the base region and the collector region ; view3-1these three regions are separated by two pn. We know that bipolar transistors are div

47、ided into two types. One of the two Pn areas in the middle of a PN with a thin layer, known as NPN type transistor, there is a two PN area, the middle of a thin layer of PN clip, called PNP type transistor. These two kinds of transistors are widely used by us, but the former is more widely used. So

48、most of us learn about it. view3-23.2 Transistor operating principleIn order to make the transistor work normally, an external DC bias voltage must be provided on two Pn junctions in order to establish the proper working conditions. NPN and PNP tube normal bias, in two cases, the launch of the junct

49、ion are forward bias, the season is reverse bias, known as positive and negative bias.view3-3But in the two case the voltage polarity and the direction of the current is just the opposite. From emitter outflow into the narrow and low doping concentration of the base region most electronic no composi

50、te two little continues to spread to the BC junction depletion region, once into the region they in the reverse bias BC junction period will be the attraction between positive and negative ions established plants pull. Kirchhoffs current law points out that the total current flowing into the node mu

51、st be equal to the total current flowing out of the node. Applying this law to the NPN tube and the PNP tube can be concluded that the emitter current Ie is equal to the set current Ic which is the sum of the base current Ib. The expression is: Ie=Ic+Ib in which the current respectively shows the NP

52、N tube and PNP tube small signal transistor of the typical current value.3.3 Characteristic curve of BJTThe BJT characteristic curve is divided into the input characteristic curve and the output characteristic curve, and the input characteristic curve is close to the common diode. That is to say in

53、the analysis of bipolar transistor circuit, if the transistor is turned on, the emitter voltage at both ends of the regarded as 0.7V. If the voltage is 0 transistor turn-on, if much larger than 0.7 the transistor emitter junction is regarded as an open circuit. In order to draw the output characteri

54、stic curve of the BJT, the base level current must be selected and kept constant. For example, the circuit used to generate a base level current in the role of Ic with the Vce change of a group of volt ampere curve, this curve is called the output characteristic curve.view3-4view3-53.4 BJT Bias Circ

55、uitsBias is the addition of proper DC voltage to the transistor to work properly. It can be achieved through any one of several basic circuits. The selection of bias circuit is very related to the application. In which the linear amplifier, the input signal must be in the positive and negative direc

56、tion change. But the transistors work in a single direction. In order to allow the transistor to amplify the AC signal, the AC signal is required to be superimposed on the DC capacity of the set of good working points. The bias circuit sets the DC to allow the AC signal to move in a positive or nega

57、tive direction without making the transistor in saturation or cutoff3.5 Fault diagnosis of transistor biasAs the bias circuit diagnosis is usually simple, ordinary transistor bias circuit bias poor fault by resulted in the following two cases a, the first: transistor in saturation state the second:

58、transistor is off state. In the beginning of the diagnostic circuit, the first to check the base, collector and emitter voltage. It is very practical to observe whether they are suitable or not. We have to keep in mind that these voltages are usually associated with some resistance or the beta value

59、 of the transistor, but the change is not more than 10% of it, and if these are normal, the circuit can work properly. When open collector resistance, due to launch resistance there is no longer a collector current, so the launch some voltage drop: base voltage change will depends on the bias width,

60、 the fixed bias will make an impact on smaller. This time we need to note is that when the emitter Re open circuit, the base voltage is working normally but the transistor is measured on the emitter voltage is higher than the normal value. Of course, there may be other problems, but as a fault diagn

61、osis method, should be further analysis of the parameters of the measurement, in order to more accurately identify the final problem. 4 Field Effect Transistors4.1 Structure of Field Effect TransistorsBefore we said, bipolar transistor is a current control device, which uses the base current to cont

62、rol the size of the collector current. The difference is that the field effect tube is a kind of voltage control element, that is, the current of the gate voltage control element. They can be used in amplifying circuit and switching circuit. view4-1场效应管是,简称FET。它是一类半导体器件,它的工作原理完全不同于之前说到的BJT。在场效应管中,有一

63、条窄长的导电沟道的导电性是由电厂控制的,这个电厂是由加在第三个极-栅极上建立的。它可以分成两类,第一类：结型场效应管,这一类特点是它的管子的栅极与沟道之间会形成一个pn结。第二类：这一类称为金属氧化物半导体场效应管,它是用绝缘栅控制沟道的导电性,绝缘层是一层非常薄的玻璃。Field effect tube is, referred to as FET. It is a type of semiconductor device, and its working principle is completely different from the previous BJT. In the fiel

64、d effect tube, the conductive property of a narrow long conductive channel is controlled by a power plant, which is formed by adding the third pole grid. It can be divided into two classes: the first class: the junction type field effect tube, which is characterized by the formation of a PN junction between the gate and the channel of the tube. Second class: this class is called metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which is used to control the electrical conductivity of the channel, the in