【精品】高中英语（人教大纲）第二册上：Unit4 A garden of poems(备课资料)

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1、Reference for TeachingI异域风情1. The First English DictionaryIn 1747, some booksellers asked Johnson to compile a dictionary of the English language. It took him eight years to finish this enormous work, and in 1755 his“Dictionary” was published. Some of the definitions in the dictionary are often quot

2、ed to illustrate johnsons personality or prejudice, as“Oats, n. a grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people”. But the dictionary as a whole was a great work of scholarship. Johnsons purpose was to make a dictionary “by means of which the pronunciation

3、of our language (i.e. English)may be fixed, and its attainment facilitated; by which its purity may be preserved, its use ascertained and its duration lengthened”. Though the dictionary has long been displaced by later ones, it marked an epoch in the study and development of the English language.His

4、 “Dictionary” also marked the end of English writers reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support. In 1747, Johnson had addressed his plan for the dictionary to Lord Chesterfield, a distinguished “patron of literature”. During the seven long years of Johnsons labouring on the dictionary, Lord C

5、hesterfield had offered neither aid nor encouragement to the poor lexicographer. But on the eve of the publication of the work, the nobleman wrote two papers for “The World”, a periodical of the day, praising the dictionary and expecting that Johnson would now dedicate the work to him. Johnson thoug

6、ht that “all was false and hollow”, scorned the honeyed words, and wrote a letter to Lord Chesterfield, saying:“When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncouthly scholar can possess Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with un

7、concern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice, which you have been pleased to take of my labour, had it been earlier, had been kind; but it has been delayed until I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and

8、cannot impart it; till I am known and do not court it. ”This letter is the writers declaration of independence, signifying the opening of a new era in the development of literature.2. Multicultural BritainImmediately after the Second World War, Britain looked like a prosperous and friendly country f

9、or an immigrant worker. All Commonwealth citizens were free to enter the country and look for work, which was plentiful. However, since the Immigration Act of1962, Successive governments have introduced regulations to restrict the number of immigrants.It is difficult to get statistics on race, but t

10、he following patterns are clear. The percentage of nonwhites in Britain increased quite rapidly between 1945 and the end of the1970s. At present, more than half the nonwhites in Britain are immigrants, but it will soon be the case that the majority of nonwhites are people born in Britain.Ethnic mino

11、ritie are concentrated in the cities. The percentage of members of ethnic minorties who are unemployed, or in lowgrade jobs, is higher than in the population as a whole.Racial discrimination and poor living conditions have contributed to racial violence, especially in the day-to-day form of relation

12、s between young blacks and the police, or in the more extreme from of inner-city riots. This is despite the Race Relations Act (1976), which was designed to promote equality of opportunity for people of all races.II知识归纳1call up 的用法归纳(1)给打电话（主要是美国用法，英国用法是ring up)On reaching Beijingshe called up her m

13、other一到北京她就给她母亲打了电话。I called Tom up(called up 70m)and told him the news我给汤姆打了电话，告诉了他这个消息。(2)征召入伍，调用(后备部队)In most countries，men are called up a the age of eighteen在大多数国家。男子十八岁就被征召服役。His brother was called up right at the beginning of war战争一开始，他哥哥就被征召入伍。(3)使想起(往事)7he photo calls up the story omy grand

14、mother。这幅照片使我想起了我的祖母。The sound of the birds called up happy memories omy childhood holidays鸟叫声使我想起我童年时度假的美好回忆有时表示“叫起床”What time shall I call you up?我几点叫你起床?The doctor was called up four times last night to attend the case医生昨晚被叫了四次料理这个病人。有时可构成合成词。这时是名词。意思是“(服兵役的)征召令、征集令”。callup age征集年龄Have you got yo

15、ur callup papers yet?你接到征召文件了吗?2get through的用法get through的意思较多，主要有下列几种；(1)完成(=finish，complete)，做完。办完，看完Tom gets through plenty of work in the morning汤姆一上午做了大量的工作。He got through the novel in one evening他一晚上看完了这本小说。(2)通过考试(=pass an exam)，让通过I get through every subject except biology除生物外，我通过了所有考试。The t

16、eacher got all his pupils through without difficulty老师顺利地让所有学生通过了考试。(3)通过(议案)被通过(of a bill)pass，be through)People began to doubt whether the Bill would get through人们开始怀疑议案是否能顺利通过。The new law has got through新法律已经通过了。(4)给接通电话，被接通(to reach someone by telephone)I couldnt get through to your office yeste

17、rday afternoon昨天下午我打不通你办公室的电话。The operator finally got me through to Mr Smiths number接线员最后为我接通了史密斯先生的电话。(5)度过时间用完。吃完(use up)He has got through ￥1000 in less than two months不到两个月他就把一千元钱花完了。Jackson got through a big plate omeat and vegetable and asked for a second helping杰克吃完了一大盘烩菜又叫了服务员We got through

18、 the coal too quickly我们的煤很快就用完了。(6)穿过，漏进来7he water gets through every time it rains每次下雨，水都会漏进来。He had no idea how such a large animal could get through such a small hole。他不知道这样一个大动物怎样能穿过这样一个小洞。(7)到达目的地I started as soon as your message got through，o me。一接到你的口信我就马上开始了。If more supplies do not get throu

19、ghthousands of refugees will die如果更多的供应物资不能到达，成千上万的难民会死去。get through to让人听懂让人理解I cant get(it)through to him that he must rest。我无法让他明白他得休息。有时表示“传到”The news finally got through to us消息最后传到了我们这里。get through with做完，办完Id like to go with you。but I must get through with my homework first我想和你在一起。但我必须先完成作业。I

20、 dont know how to get through with my work我不知道如何完成我的工作。词语辨析1poem，poetry，poet，poetical(1)poem诗(可数名词)Li Yu wrote some of the best remembered poems李煜写了一些让人怀念的诗。an epic poem史诗a lyrical poem抒情诗a satirical poem讽刺诗a narrative poem叙事诗a love poem情诗a rubbish poem打油诗(2)poetry诗(总称，不可数名词)How do you like his poet

21、ry?你觉得他的诗怎么样?Shakespeare and Milton are masters of English poetry。莎士比亚和弥尔顿是英国诗歌大师。(3)poet诗人Li Bai was a great poet o(our country李白是我国的伟大诗人。(4)poetical(也可是poetic，形容词)诗的，带诗意的Shakespeares plays are written in poetic form莎士比亚的剧本是用诗的形式写的。7he dancer moved with poetic grace这位舞蹈演员风度优雅。2。shade，shadow(1)shade

22、荫阴凉处(不可数名词，多和冠词连用)了he old men sat in the shade of the tall tree这些老人坐在树阴下面。What a pleasant shade these trees give us!这些树给了我们多好的阴凉啊!(2)shadow影子(可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词)In this picture。the tree is throwing a shadow on the ground在这张图画中，树在地上投下了个影子As the sun set，the shadows became larger随着日落影子越来越大。By 6：00 pmthis

23、part of the garden is in shadow到下午六点钟，花园的这一部分就被影子遮住了另外shade还有遮阳帘、百叶窗、灯罩、眼罩、阳伞之意。The lamp with the green shade is alight带绿灯罩的灯亮着。Pull down the shades of the window， please请把窗帘放下来。shade还可表示“色调、颜色细致的区别(如深浅浓淡等)”。A lighter shade of blue will make the room seen larger浅蓝色的色调会使房间显得大一些。The walls were light b

24、lue and the door a deeper shade墙是浅蓝色，而门则是较深的色调。shadow还有阴影、暗影、阴暗的地方、暗处之意，引申意为“不良的兆头”。70day the shadow owar hangs heavily over the Iraqi people今天战争的阴影在伊拉克人民心头依然如旧。The shadow of possible invasion hung over the country被侵略的战争阴影笼罩着全国。He walked along in the shadows hoping that no one would recognize him他在阴

25、暗处走，希望没人能看到他。Lets sit down in the shadow(shade)of that tree咱们坐在树阴处吧。.能力训练根据第一个句子的意思，把第二个句子补充完整：1Despite its short history, there is a lot of good English poetry around_ _ _its short history，there is a lot of good English poetry around2Modern English started around the time of ShakespeareModern Engli

26、sh started_ the time of ShakespeareModern English started_ the time of Shakespeare3Shakespeare is most famous for his plays.Shakespeares_ _ _ _ _.4He didnt come because of illnessHe didnt come because_ _ _.5The next period that produced a great number of fine poets was the 1 9th centuryThe next peri

27、od that_ _ _ _ was the 19th century6Lu Xun and Guo Moruo translated both poetry and novels into ChineseLu Xun and Guo Moruo_ both poetry and novels into ChineseLu Xun and Gou Moruo_ both poetry and novels into Chinese7No matter how well translated something of the spirit of the original work is lost

28、_ _ _ ,something of the spirit of the original work is lost8.They help us to understand each other betterThey_ _ _ _ _ _ understand each other betterThey are_ _ understand each other betterThey are_ _ for us to understand each other betterSuggested answers：1In spite of2round；about3plays make him most famous4he was m5made many poets famous6changed；put7However well translated8. are a help for us to；helpful0r us to； of help