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1、高考英语词汇、短语与句型应考指南突出语境，强化语意，强调运用。单项选择题命题特点：覆盖面广，重点突出；淡化语法结构，重视能力；突出在语境中运用知识的考查。英语单项选择解题技巧：（一）找准关键词语1.It is_ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much.(广东)A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly此题的关键词是any, 因为any常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句，也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not any，于是排除A。因此，正确答案D(hard
2、ly=almost not)。（二）分析句子结构2.This is the main use that the scientists make_ natural resources.A. in B. up of C. from D. of有些试题的考本来十分简单,但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that the scientists make是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use的,将其置入定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use.显然是考查make use of 这一词组。正确答案是
3、D。（三）适当转换句式3.-Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather _ the important meeting?-Tom.A. have attend B. have attended C. having attend D. have to attend有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易选出正确答案。如：将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句，就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形，have
4、 sb do sth.所以选A。（四）补全省略成分4. -What do you think made Mary so upset?- _her new bike.(上海)A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D. Because of losing口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。（五）删除干扰部分5.We agree to accept_ they thought was the best to
5、urist guide.A. whichever B. whoever C. whatever D. whomever就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如I think/ suppose/believe，do you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they thought ，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与the best tourist guide 搭配的，只有答案B。（六）利用对称结构6. -English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?-Yes.
6、 _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(上海)A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。又如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Gr
7、een went to the market, _some bananas and visited her cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy（七）注意标点符号7. There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(重庆)A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go标点有时对我们作题有提示的作用。此题
8、很容易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲的原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定的祈使句。（八）熟记固定搭配8. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.(天津)A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重，要用heavy或heavily ，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等，也用heavy。（九）消除思维定势9.
9、Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires_ the environment safer.A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making有些试题的题干，看上去好象就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成以后，结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D，以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配的。其实，“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作”的目
10、的，所以用动词不定式，选C。（十）检查有无谓语10.He wrote five novels, two of _translated into English.A. it B. them C. which D. that有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为分词）。此题很容易误选C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上， translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无须连词，所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were translated就是谓语，这时就选连词w
11、hich。（十一）查看有无连词11. If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A. as B. which C. what D. that若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If，选D，若没有If，就选B， which引导一个非限制性定语从句。（十二）识别相似句型12. _is known to everybody, l
12、ight travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What13. _is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What14. _ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。12题选B，as引导一个非限定性定语从
13、句，先行词是后面整个句子。13题选A，it是形式主语， that引导主语从句；若又在that前加个is，则应选D， what引导的是主语从句， that引导的是表语从句。（十三）正确把握语境15. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子，好象多个答案都可以，但与上下句的意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因此，做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I dont agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。
2020高考英语总复习（专题攻略）之词汇、短语与句型 应考指南
