2020年高考英语 热点专题-非谓语动词

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1、专题五 非谓语动词 11 命题趋势分析非谓语动词是中学语法中的重要内容，也是高考重要考点之一。考点主要分布在以下几方面：1、不定式和动名词作主语和宾语；2、分词和不定式作宾补，状语和定语；3、非谓语动词的各种形式；4、动名词的复合结构；5、“疑问词+不定式”结构；6、不定式的省略；7、现在分词与过去分词的区别。考点分析如下：考点一：不定式和分词作状语（其逻辑主 语必须和句子的主语一致）1.分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式，伴随状况等。Hearing the news , they got excited .(时间)Having been bitten by a snake ,

2、 she was frightened of it . (原因)Given a chance , I can surprise the world .(条件)Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistakes (让步)The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces .(结果)The teacher came into the lab , followed by some students .(伴随状况)注意：独立成分作状语，有些分词短语，其形式不受上下文的影

3、响，称其独立成分，常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说strictly speaking 严格地讲judging from/ by 根据来 considering , 考虑到 to be honest 老实说taken as a whole , 总的来说to tell the trnth .说真的 to be honest 老实说to make things worse 使事情更糟的是given 考虑到2.不定式作状语。表示“目的，结果，原因”。下列作表语用的形容词，后可接不定式作状语。happy, lucky, fortunate

4、, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, proud, disappointed, sure, able, sorry, free, willing, eager, ready, anxious, likely, patient, easy, difficult, fit, comfortalbe 等。其句型结构如下： (Sth 是不定式to do这个动作的承受者) (Sb 是不定式to do这个动作的发出者）Sb be + glad + to do sure surprised Sth be + easy + to do difficult cornfortab

5、le AB跟在动词之后作状语The doctor did all he could to save the boy.常见的结构中的不定式作状语in order to do（为了.） so as to do（以便.）so adj/adv as to do（如此以致于.）too adj/adv to do（太.而不能.）adj/adv enough to do（足够.以致于.）only to do （结果）考点二：不定式和动名词作宾语1.下列动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的动词有：agree, seek , fail , decide, refuse , offer , afford , lea

6、rn , dare , demand , hope , desire , manage , prepare , pretend , promise , ask , want , expect , intend , wish , choose , determine , would like , set out (着手，开始) attempt , make up ones mind , try ones best 等.2.有些动词不能直接跟不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式。常见的动词有：find , make , feel , think , consider , suppose 等。其句型结

7、构如下：主+ V( make , find ) it + adi /n + 不定式This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop quickly .3.下列动词及短语等后面只接动名词作宾语admit , advise , avoid , appreciate , enjoy , escape , excuse , delay , miss , risk , fancy , resist , include , finish , imagine , keep (on ) , mind , practise ,

8、suggest , allow , permit , stand （忍受） ，consider（考虑），forbid 等词。be / get used to , give up , feel like , insist on , put off, stick to , be busy , look forward to , object to 等词组。 sb have difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing. sb have great fun doing sb have a hard ( good ) time ( in ) doingsb spend / was

9、te time /money( in ) doing sb be busy doing 或sb keep sb busy doing sb/ sth stop / prevent / keep sb from doing What / How about doing ？ sth be worth doing ; sb prefer doing to doing .等句型4.下列动词后可接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不一样。forgetto do忘记去做doing忘记已经做过remem-berto do记住去做doing记得曾经做过regretto do后悔（遗憾）去做doing后悔做过某事st

10、opto do停下来接着做另一件事doing停止做一件事tryto do努力（试图）做某事doing尝试着做go onto do（做完某事）接着做另一件事doing连续做同一件事cant helpto do不能帮助做doing情不自禁地做meanto do意欲（想，企图）做doing意味着（意思是）做5.allow , advise , forbid , permint 之后用动名词作宾语，但要用不定式作宾补。The manager doesnt allow smoking in this office.The manger doesnt allow anybody to smoke in h

11、is office.6.下列动词接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。like ( love , prefer ) +doing 常表示经常性的行为like ( love , prefer) + to do 常表示暂时的行为I like talking very much but I dont like to talk with this stranger.如果like , love , prefer 前有would / should , 后面则应接动词不定式。Wed like to go swimming this weekend if it is fine.need , requtre , want

12、 当“需要”解时，其后可接动名词doing，也可接不定式to be done作宾语。考点三：作宾补（其逻辑主语就是句子的宾语）1不定式作宾补可带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, tell, want, expect, wish, order, advise, invite, beg, force, oblige, allow, permit, forbid, get , warn, encourage, prefer, persuade, cause 等。不带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：have, make, let, see, hear, watch, notice, observe

13、, feel,listen to, look at 等。但在被动语态中，不定式必须带上to。We often hear him sing this song.He is often heard to sing this song.可以用to be 作宾补的动词有：think, consider, believe, imagine, feel, declare , find, suppose 等。We all believe him to be fit for this position.分词作宾补seehearnoticeobservewatch listen tolook at+ sbfin

14、d +sbkeep表示“使处于某种状态” leave + have sth done表示“使（让，叫）某人做某事”；“使遭受”get sth done表示“使（让，叫）某人做某事”have sb/sth doing（主动，进行）表示“让某人持续地做某事”get sb/sth doing表示“使某人（物）开始行动起来”表示“使（让，叫）某人去做某事注：have sb doing 用于否定句，其中have 有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your parents like that.make oneself+done (undorstood, heard,

15、seen)（表示“使自己被听懂，听见，看到。）catch sb doing（发觉抓住某人做某事）考点四：作定语（其逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词或代词）1、分词作定语，相当于定语从句。单个的分词作定语，要放在所修饰的词前面，分词短语要后置。Tell the badly-wounded soldier not to make any movement.The boy flying the model plane is interested in different types of planes.=who is flying the moded planeIs this the student pra

16、ised at the meeting?=who was praised at the meeting?2、不定式作定语(不定式置于所修饰的名词或代词之后)下列名词后常可接 to do作定语way, need, time, plan, attempt, promise, right, chance, opportunity, reason, effort, struggle, ability, idea 等。It is the ability to do the job that matters.序数词作表语或作表语的名词被序数词修饰时，后接to do作定语.He is always the

17、first (student) to come to school and the last to leave the school.注意：现在分词的完成时一般不能作定语。过去分词（done），现在分词的一般式的被动式（being done）和不定式的一般式的被动式（to bedone）作定语的差别主要体现在动作发生的时间上。We must keep a secret for things being discussed at the meeting now.（我们必须对现在会上正在讨论的问题保守密秘。）The question to be discussed at tomorrows mee

18、ting is about how to get rid of waste.（明天会上将要讨论的问题是关于怎样去除垃圾的。）Havent you solved the problems discussed at the meeting last week?（难道你们还没有解决上周已经讨论过的问题？）考点五：不定式和动名词作主语。1谓语动词用单数；并列主语，形式保持一致；动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性或经常性、习惯性行为；而不定式作主语则表示短暂的或具体的一次性行为，且不定式作主语常用形式主语it，其结构是：It is / was adj / n（for/of sb） to do . Tak

19、ing exercise makes us healthy.It is impossible for us to finish the work ahead of time.Its careless of him to break the rare vase. Its more important to answer correctly than to answer quickly.2.下列句型结构中，常用动名词作主语考点六：非谓语动词的各种形式1、不定式的各种形式一般式主动被动to doto be done表示“未发生的动作”进行式to be doing表示“正在进行的动作”完成式to ha

20、ve doneto have been done表示“已经发生在谓语动作之前的动作”完成进行式to have been doing表示“谓语动作之前一直进行的动作”例句：He is said to have been studying abroad, but I dont know which country he is studying in.He kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.The house on the hill is said not to have been destroyed in the fl

21、oods.People in developed countries are supposed to have had more healthy food before than what they have today.Mr Green happened to be crossing the street when the accident took place.They ordered the plan to be carried out without delay.注意： would like/love + to have done 表示“过去愿意做但事实上未做的事”I would lo

22、ve to have gone to the party lost night , but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.We planned to have come to see you last night ,but were prevented from doing so by the heavy rain.Sb / Sthbesaidtohave(been )done(谓语动作之前)thoughtconsideseddo /be(同时或之后发生)reportedto be doing(正在进行)believed2、现在分词的

23、各种形式主动被 动一般式doing（主动、进行）being done(被动、进行)常作定语与谓 V同时发生完成式having done（主动、完成）having been done（被动、完成）先于谓V 发生（一般作状语，不可作定语）例句：Sitting by her side, I could feel her heart beating fast.Now English is one of the most important subjects being taught in middle schools.Having been given a satisfactory operation

24、, the patient recovered from his stomach cancer in about two years.注意：过去分词（done）和现在分词的完成式（having been done）的区别。过去分词（done）作定语，但现在分词的完成式（having been done）不能作定语。作时 间状语常用having been done; 作伴随、条件状语用done；作原因、让步having been done和done二者互换。例句：Having been shown around the labs, we were taken to the library.（时间

25、）Having been told / Told many times , he still repeated the same mistake.（让 步）Having been separated / .separated from other continents ,there are many animals and plants that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.（原因）3、动名词的各种形式主动被 动一般式doingbeing done与谓V同时发生完成式having donehaving been done(一般情况下不用

26、)先于谓V发生How I regret having wasted time in doing the useless work! Would you mind being left alone at home? Never mind.考点七：“疑问词 + 不定式”结构疑问词有：who, which, when, where, how, what, whether 这个结构在句子中具有名词的作用，接近于一个名词性从句，常用在tell, show, know, decide, teach, learn, discuss, wonder, fine out, explain, forget, re

27、member 等词后作宾语，也可作主语、表语。There are so many kinds of taperecorders in the store that I cant choose which to buy. （宾语）When and where to build a new factory hasnt been decided yet. （主语）The problem is how to get rid of waste in big cities. （表语）注意：why 不能用于此结构考点八：不定式的省略有时为了避免重复，可以用 to 来代替前面的不定式。这种省略常出现在：1、作

28、动词宾语的不定式。如expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try等。Do remember to come to my birthday party tomottow.I wont forget to (come to your birthday).2、作下列动词宾语补足语的不定式force, advise, permit, prefer, invite, fell, want, ask, alloun 等。Did your husband give up smoking?No, he was advised to (giv

29、e up), but he wouldnt listen.3、be happy, would like / love, be going to, used to, have to, ought to, would rather, had better cant but, do nothing but 等结构后面的不定式Could you explain this to me?Certainly, lll be glad to.但，如果省略的不定式结构中，含有 be, have, have been则不能省略。I didnt tell him the news.Oh, you ougnt to

30、have.4、当but, except 前有do 的某种形式时，不定式前的to 省略。Sandy had no choice but to admit to his teacher that he was wrong.There was nothing left to do but drop herself in bed weeping.考点九：动名词的复合结构例：Marys staying up so late worries her mother. (= That Mary stays up so late)Your going there will help a lot.(= That

31、you go there) I can hardly imagine Peter sailing acoss the Atlantic Ocean in five days.考点十：现在分词和过去分词1、时态和语态上的区别：时态上的区别（现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。）We can drink cold boiled water, but we cant drink hot boiling water.语态上的区别：现在分词表示主动，即：分词与其逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系，过去分词表示被动，即：分词在其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系。当分词作状语、表语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；

32、当分词作定语时，其逻辑主语是所修饰的词；当分词作宾补时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.The restaurant, serving food ordinary, is popular with the workers in the nearby companies.Travelling is interesting, but we often feel tired when we are back from travels.When he got home, he found t

33、he gas burning but the door locked.2、surprising与surprised等的区别：下列动词的现在分词常用来指物。即：作表语、状语，句子的主语是指物的名词或代词；作定语，所修饰的词是指物的词；作宾补，宾语是指物的词。过去分词常用来指人。常见的动词有：surprise, astonish, shock, interest, please, satisfy, terrify, inspire, frighten, move, puzzle, touch, excite, delight, disappoint, tire, amuse等。While seei

34、ng the frightening movie, most of the frightened children cried with great fear.若修饰的词是表情(expression, look)，喊声(cry, scream)，声音(voice)，则常用过去分词。He had a pleased look on his face when he heard the result.52高考真题演练一、单项选择1 when trying to achieve your goals is a quality few people possess, which will be of

35、great help to you.A.Do be patientB.Having been patient C.Be patient D.Being patient2.How long do you plan to stay in this company, if ?A.to be hiredB.being hiredC.hiredD.Having hired3.The math proloem made all the students feel .None of them have worked it out so far.A.puzzled; puzzledB.puzzled ; pu

36、zzlingC.puzzling; puzzledD.puzzling; puzzling4.Wise parents often give advice to their children , them to do something interesting.A.inspiringB.having inspiredC.inspireD.to inspire5.Finding that her son has no talent for music, she suggested law as his major.A.him to takeB.him takingC.he takesD.he t

37、ook6.With a chicken on the fire , I cant leave now.A.roastingB.roastedC.be roastedD.being roasted7.Youve made great progress in your English study , havent you?Yes , but much remains .A.to doB.doneC.to be doneD.doing8. with so difficult a problem , Handy had to turn to his sister.A.FacingB.FacedC.Ha

38、ving facedD.To face9.We should like about this deal with you , but we had some important things to handle then.A.to have talkedB.to talk C.talkingD.having talked10.The peaceful life he was used to last year , when a chemical works opened not far from where he lived.A.changedB.changeC.changingD.has c

39、hanged11.The gentleman to the beautiful lady was trying to persuade her into acting in his new film.A.whispersB.whisperedC.whisperingD.to whisper12.Dont worry about Mary. She will drive as carefully as she can any accident.A.to avoidB.avoidC.have avoidedD.avoiding13.Not only did he have a clear head

40、 about , but he also knew what preparations should be made first.A.what doingB.what doneC.what to do D.what to be done14. that his family were out of danger, he fell asleep at ease after several sleepless nights.A.ConvincingB.To convinceC.Having convincedD.Convinced15. through the forest , we were v

41、ery thankful in that he helped us out of trouble.A.LeadingB.Led C.To leadD.Having led16.Although Michael Jackson passed away , his song Beat it is very popular among the young people, first at that moment.A.being rankedB.rankingC.had rankedD.to rank17.When the wounded soldier came to himself the nex

42、t morning , he found himself in a room.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.was locked18.The applicants for the job are required not only to bring all the necessary papers but also to have a written examination.A.interviewB.to be interviewedC.to in terviewD.in terviewing19. so many hardships during the war ,

43、 people of the two countries were very happy at the coming of peace.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.Having sufferedD.To suffer二、单词拼写1.The young man listened to the scientist with a (困惑)exprexion on his face.2.Please remain (坐)；the winner of the prize will be annoumced soom.3.Wang Hao is my favouirte ping-pon

44、g player, (排名)first in the world.4.Drivers are asked to (系牢)their seatbelts when they drive on the road for satety.5.It takes only two hours to get my cell phone fully (充电).6.Would you please give me some advice on how to (提高)my English writing?7.On (走)out of the meeting hall, the famous director wa

45、s sunounded by a group of reporters.8.I felt it an honour to be chosen to get (培训)in Beijing for a week.9.I cant help (认为)that I am a great failure as a writer.10.Besides working as a teacher, she also looks after the (残疾)children.三、改正下列句子中的错误1.If you do not keep up with the rent of your house, you

46、will have no place living in.2.Eat slowly and carefully would help digest food.3.When I met her , I saw her dress in a red skirt.4.Judged from his strong accent , he comes from Shanghai.5.We should take measures to prevent this sort of thing happen again.6.Late as it was, there were still many peopl

47、e walked in the square.7.In the past our teachers stood in front of the class, talk all the time while our students listened, busily taking notes.8.We enjoy all kinds of activities, such as having sports , do experiments and surfing the internet.9.Tomorrow is Saturday. I will do nothing but playing

48、all day.10.Marys late for school again made her class teacher very angry.四、用括号内的正确形式填空：1.They hurried to the cinema, only (find) the film was already over.2.Just at that time , I saw an old woman (knock) down by a car.3.Hearing the sudden news , the boy felt very (surprise).4.With so much homework (

49、do), I really have no time to watch TV.5.Whem I entered his room , I found him (lose) in deep thought.6.Dont you know that to see means (believe)?7.You cant drink the water of this (pollute) river otherwise you will get ill.8. (improve) his spoken English , he always tries to find a forergn guest to chat with in English.9.My friend happened (see) the film and he told me it was very interesting.10.Only if (take) according to the directions , can the medicine be quite effective.