高中英语 Unit1《Living well》学案4 新人教版选修7

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1、Book 7 Unit 1 Living well1. disability (n) 伤残；无能disabled (adj) 伤残的 people 残疾人 ( people with disabilities / people having a disability)disable (v) 使丧失能力；使伤残able-bodied people 健全人 non-disabled people2. eyesight (n) 视力1) He has good / poor .3. drum (v) to beat or play a drumdrummer (n) 鼓手4. movie (n)go

2、 to the s / cinema / pictures 去看电影5. ambition (n) 雄心；野心full of 野心勃勃 have the for sth 渴望得到某物ambitious (adj) 有雄心的；野心勃勃的be to do sth 热望做某事 be of / for sth 热望得到某物eager (adj) 热切的；渴望的be for knowledge 渴望求知1) I am to do that interesting work.2) I am for you to meet my new friends.6. beneficial (adj) 有益的；受益的

3、be to 对有益benefit (n)益处；帮助 be of to 对有好处 for the of 为了的好处(vt) 有益于；有助于 (vi)受益，得到好处1) The sea water will you.2) We can all from his knowledge.7. adapt (v) 使适应 (oneself ) to (使自己)适应1) We ed ourselves to the hot weather.2) We have had to quickly to the new system. sth from 根据改编某物3) The text is ed from a

4、famous writers work.adjust (v) 调节，使适应1) He ed (himself) very quickly to the heat of the country.8. motto (n) a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person and the way he behaves, of a noble family; of a school, etc.9. microvery small 极小的，微小的wave 微波10. breath 见维克多11. abse

5、nce (n) 缺席；不在某处 presenceabsent( adj) 缺席的；不在的-present (vt) 使缺席be absent from school 旷课 be present at the meeting 出席会议12. all in all on the whole, generally1) All in all we had a good time.13. industry (n) 工业；行业1) This country is supported by . 工业是这个国家的支柱。2) His success was due to and wisdom.industria

6、l (adj) 工业的an country 工业国14. independent (adj) 独立自主的；有主见的be of 不依赖于；独立于1) The American colonies became of England.independence (n) 独立；自主2) India gained from Britain in 1947.15. make fun of 取笑laugh attease sb about sth 拿来取笑某人play a joke on sb 取笑某人 play a trick on 捉弄某人16. encourage /inspire sb to do s

7、th 鼓励某人做某事encouraging (adj) inspiring 鼓舞人心的courage (n) 勇气；勇敢discourage (vt) 使泄气；劝阻1) not be d by difficulties 不因困难而泄气2) sb from doing sth 劝阻某人干某事17. resign (v) 辞职1) from a committee 辞去委员会的职位 ones post 辞去本职2) I my children to the care of the State. 我将女儿交给国家照顾。3) You must yourselves to waiting a bit l

8、onger. 你们只好耐心多等一会儿。18. assistance (n) 协助；援助with the / aid of (with ones help) 在的帮助下assist sb with sth / in doing sth / to do19. companion (n) 同伴；伙伴working s 工作上的伙伴 s on the journey / fellow travelers 旅伴20. latter (adj) 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的1) John and James are brothers, the former(前者) is a doctor; the (

9、后者)is an engineer.2) the / later years of his life 他的晚年latterly (adv) 近来；最近 (recently, lately)later (adj) 后期的，较后的，晚期的1)his works 他的后期作品 the comers 来的较晚的人21. congratulate (vt) 祝贺；庆贺1) We d him on having passed the examination.2) You should yourself on your appearance: you look charming. 你真该为自己的外表庆贺：你

10、长得好迷人。congratulation (n) 祝贺 s (to sb) on sthcelebrate 意思是举行仪式，典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日，胜利，成功等)作宾语。1) We celebrated Christmas with a tree and presents.22. certificate (n) 证书a birth / marriage / death 23. architect (n) a person who plans new buildings and sees that they are built properly建筑师architecture (n) u

11、建筑学/ 术24. dignity (n) u 尊严；高贵(的品质)stand on ones 保持尊严dignify (v) 使 显得高贵，威严25. accessible (adj) 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的1) The principal (校长) was always to the students.2) Medicine should not be kept where it is to children.access(n)& (vt) 接近；进入(的道路); 使用1) be easy of 易于接近 have no to education 没有受教育的机会get to sb

12、接近某人a place easy of 易于进入的地方2) Students have easy to the library during the vacation.26. bare (adj) 裸露的；空的；没有的(v) 使裸露1) fields of grass 没有草的田野 a room of furniture 没有家具的房间 feet 赤脚2) ones head 脱帽致敬 ones thoughts 说出真心话barely (adv) 赤裸地；无装饰地；几乎没有back(ed) 不用马鞍的 faced 无耻的 headed 光着头的，不戴帽的Warming up / Pre-re

13、ading / Reading1. be proud to do为做某事感到自豪be proud of / take pride in 对感到自豪2. university / college entrance exam 高考3. go mountain climbing 去爬山4. play a major part / role in 在中扮演主角play an important part in 在中起重要作用play / act the part / role of 扮演的角色5. take dancing lessons 上舞蹈课6. have some / no / much /

14、a little difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难with difficulty 困难地，费力地 without difficulty 容易地，毫不费力地1) I have much difficulty with spoken English.2) I felt on difficulty in answering the question.3) He breathed with difficulty. 他呼吸困难。7. set up 设立，建立（组织，机构，团体等）; 树立(榜样) a scho

15、ol / a hospital / a website8. bump into sth 碰上；意外遇见 (meet by chance)1) The car bumped (into) a tree.2) Ive bumped my knee against the wall. 我的膝盖撞着墙壁。come across (无被动) 偶遇，碰到1) Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this book.run into 偶遇knock into 撞在某人身上；与不期而遇动词不定式专讲动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。

16、不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / 1 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。 1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如： afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose de

17、mand desire determinehope fail help learn long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend refuse tend expect hate intend例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。 2）有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如： ask choose expect help beg intend like/love

18、need prefer prepare want wish 例如：I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3） 有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如： decide know consider forget learn remember show, wonder find ou

19、t tell inquire explain 例如：Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 2 不定式作补语 1） 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如： advise allow cause challenge command compel drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force im

20、pel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 例如：Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。 注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

21、2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如： consider find believe think appoint guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know 例如： We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去） 典型例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer. A. to inventB. inve

22、nting C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如： believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 例如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.

23、我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 You wouldnt want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 3 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。 It seemed self

24、ish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如： （对）To teach is to learn. （错）It is to learn to teach. （错）To teach is learning. （错）Teaching is to learn. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A.

25、 sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。 4 Its for sb.和 Its of sb. 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： Its very hard for him to study two langu

26、ages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如： Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法： 用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如： You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。 He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。） 5 不

27、定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 6 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。 There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 7 不定式作状语 1）目的状语 常用结构为to do , only to

28、do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间

29、，没发现什么。 3） 表原因 Im glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so. You will do well to speak more carefully. 8 用作介词的to to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词： admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始 look forward to be devoted

30、to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to 9 省去to 的动词不定式 1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work

31、 the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3） would rather，had better句型后 4） Why / why no句型后 5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medic

32、ine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice.他应该是个好人。 典型例题 1） - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 答案：D. why not 后

33、面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。 2） Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。 10 动词不定式的否定式 在不定式标志to前加上not。例如： Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。 典型例题 1）Mr

34、s. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never. 2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D.

35、do not to 答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有宾语，因此也B，D不对。 11 不定式的特殊句型tooto 1）tooto 太以至于。例如： He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 - Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? - Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。 2）

36、 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。例如： Its never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语） 3） 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。例如： Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 12 不定式的特殊句型so as to 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如： Tom kept qui

37、et about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2）表示结果。例如： Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。 13 不定式的特殊句型Why not Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?。例如： Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假? 14 不定式的时态和语态 1） 一般

38、式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如 He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。 2） 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。 3） 进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时

39、发生。例如： He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。 4） 完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。 15 动名词与不定式 1）动名词与不定式的区别： 动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的 不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的 2）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。 3）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。常见的，下一节有专门讨论。