代词hesheittheywe及所有格

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1、一、代词的分类代词可以分为人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，疑问代词，关系代词，不定代词，相互代词这八类。二、人称代词就是表示“我，你，他，她，它，你们，他们的词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。人称代词的形式如下：人称第一人称我，我们第二人称你，你们第三人称除我、我们、你、你们之外单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格Meusyouyouhimheritthem1. 人称代词的用法1人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格做主语，宾格做宾语。如：Ilike table tennis. 做主语 Doyouknow him做宾语2人称代词还可作表

2、语。做表语时用宾格的形式。如： -Who is knocking at the door -Itsme.3人称代词在 than 之后与其他人或事物进展比拟时，用主格和宾格都可以。如： He is older thanme. He is older thanIam.4人称代词的顺序。几个人称代词并列做主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式二、三、一 you, he and I复数形式一、二、三 we, you and they注意：当受到批评时或成认错误时正好相反，I 在最前，you 在最后。口诀：单数二、三、一，复数一、二、三，受到批评我在前，成认错误你在后。如：You, heandIare all

3、the winners.I, Li leiandyouare wrong. We should do more for the project.2. it用法总结1作为人称代词，it 可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。 Wheres my book Have you seen it？我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？ The dog is in the garden, isnt it狗在花园里，是吧？婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了. (Someone is ringing.) -Whos it 有人在按门铃。-谁呀？ -Its me. -是我2it 可以指上下文容。 The Olympic Ga

4、me will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud. 2008 年将在举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。3it 表示时间、天气、距离等。 -What time is it now？现在几点了？ -Its half past nine.九点半。 It is cold.天气冷。公园到博物馆大约是十公里。4it 用作形式主语或形式宾语。 Its very important for us to learn English well.实际主语是to learn English well对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 I found

5、 it hard to fly a kite.实际宾语是to fly a kite我发现放风筝很难。备注：句型可以用于作文中 Its adj. for/of sb. to do sth. Its time to do sth. Its time for sth. It seems that It ones turn to do sth. Its + 强调局部+ that/who/whom3. 实战演练1Miss Green is an English teacher. We all like( she ).2Could you help( I )3( My ) cant get my kite

6、.4Her bike is broken. Can( your ) mend it.5 I found( it )hard to fly a kite6Those( child ) are( I ) fathers students.7Do you know( it ) name8I lovetheyvery much.三、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，即“的。物主代词分别有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词的形式如下：人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursy

7、oursyourshishersitstheirs1. 物主代词的用法1形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。如：Ourteacher is ing to see us. This isherpencil-bo*.2名词性物主代词常用来防止和前面已提及的名词重复，其作用相当于名词，并且名词性物主代词 =“形容词性物主代词 + 名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如： - Is this English-bookyours 做表语 - No.Mineis in my bag.做主语 Ive already finished my homework. Have you finishe

8、dyours 做宾语3名词性物主代词可以用在of 后做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格表示带有局部概念或有一定的感情色彩。如： He is a friend ofmine.他是我的一位朋友。2. 实战演练用所给词的适当形式填空1 Iateallsandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof ( you )2Georgehaslost( his )pen.AskMaryif是否shewilllendhim. ( she )3JackhasadogandsohaveI.( he ) dogand( I )hadafight(打架).4Theteacherwantsyou

9、toreturnthatbookof( he )5Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendofareingtoseeus. ( they )6WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof. (we )四、反身代词表示“我们自己、“你们自己、“他/她/它们自己的代词称为反身代词。反身代词的形式如下：人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧记口诀：反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。第三

10、人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。1. 反身代词的用法反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语和同位语。1做宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He calledhimselfa writer. Would you please e*pressyourselfin English2做表语。 It doesnt matter. Ill bemyselfsoon. The girl in the news ismyself.3做主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 Imyselfwashed the clothes( = I wash

11、ed the clothes myself.)做主语同位语 You should ask the teacherhimself.做宾语同位语4反身代词常用的短语。 teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩的快乐 e to oneself 醒2. 实战演练12345五、指示代词指示代词是表示“那个、“这个、“这些、“那些等指示概念的代词。指示代词例句单数 ThisThis girl is Mary. ThatThat is Mary.

12、复数 TheseThese men are my teachers. ThoseThose are my teachers.1. 指示代词的用法1this 和these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。如：Thisis a pen andthatis a pencil. We are busythesedays.2有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如： I had a cold.Thats why I didnt e. What I want to say isthis

13、: pronunciation is very important in learning English3有时为了防止重复提到的名词，常可用that 或those 代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good asthosemade in Shanghai4this 在用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。如： Hello! This is Mary. IsthatJack speaking2. 实战演练1The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.A.

14、onesB.thatC.thoseD.it2Look! Whats _ in the skyIt looks like a kite.A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.them3-Have you found your lost mobile phone-No, I havent found _, but I bought_ this morning.A.one; thatB.that; oneC.it; oneD.one; it六、疑问代词1. 疑问代词及词组疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中

15、作为*一句子成分。如：疑问词意思用法when什么时间问时间what time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟who谁问人whose谁的问主人where在哪里问地点which哪一个问选择why为什么问原因what什么问东西、事物what color什么颜色问颜色what about怎么样问意见what day星期几问星期几what date什么日期问日期how怎么样问情况how old多大年纪问年龄how many多少数量可数名词问数量how much多少钱，多少数量不可数名词问多少钱或数量不可数how about怎么样问意见how often多久问频率how long多长时间问时间长度how fa

16、r多远问多远；多长距离2. 实战演练1234七、连接代词连接代词：用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom, whose, that，它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语。如： Do you know who has won the Red Alert game I dont know whom you should depend on I knowwhathe said at the meeting.问题是谁来修理它。你能告诉我哪条路是去邮局的吗？八、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可做主语、表语、宾语和定

17、语。不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。两者三者都bothall都不neithernone或者任一个eitherany每一个each2every3注意1both 之后加名词的复数形式 + 谓语动词原形。2all 既可以加名词的复数形式，也可以加不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。3Neither / none of +名词

18、的复数形式 + 谓语动词三单。4Neithernor. 或 either or. 用就近原则。1. 常见不定代词的用法1some 与any 的区别 some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词也可以接可数名词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否认句中，表示“一些，任何用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词也可接可数名词。 If you have any questions, please

19、 ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. any 和 some 也可以做代词用，表示“一些。any 多用于疑问句，否认句和条件句中，some 多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture I cant see any.如果你没有钱，我可以借给你一些。注意：some 用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定答复。 Would you likesomecoffee with sugar你要加糖的咖啡吗？2few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的区别可数名词不可数

20、名词含义fewLittle否认含义，没有多少了a fewa little肯定含义，还有一点 He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。 There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。1- What do you usually have for breakfast - _milk and _ eggs.A.Little, a littleB.A few, fewC.A little, a fewD.A few, a litt

21、le2- Would you like some tea- Yes, just _.A.a fewB.fewC.a littleD.little bit3other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个男孩other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个(男孩)the other (boys)其余那些(男孩) other 可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或

22、复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的。 Where are his other books I havent any other books e*cept this one. other 也可以用作代词，与冠词the 连用构成“the other，表示两个人或物中的“另一个。常与one 搭配构成“one ., the other .句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an e*ercise-book in the other.

23、other 作代词时，可以有复数“others，泛指“另外的人或物。常与some 搭配构成“some ., others .句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.“the others表示特指*围的“其他的人或物。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the

24、 others are Chinese. another 可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个。 You can see another ship in the sea, cant you another 也可以作代词用，表示“另一个。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.用any other, any others, the other, other填空。1He is taller thanstudent in his class.2He is taller thanin his class.

25、3He is taller thanstudents in his class.4Some students like pop music whiledont in their school.5I want somebooks besides this dictionary.4every 与 each 的区别eachevery可单独使用不可单独使用可做代名词、形容词仅作形容词着重“个别着重“全体，毫无例外用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物用于三者或三者以上的每一个人或物Each ofEvery one of The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each

26、ball has a different color.注意：当我们说each child, each student 或each teacher 时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child 和every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every 的意思与all 接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5ma

27、ny与much的用法many 修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, as, how连用。much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。 There are too many mistakes in your e*ercises. He has got too much work to do.6复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing 等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something*事物, somebody*人, someone*人, anything任何事物

28、, anybody任何人, anyone任何人, nothing没事物, nobody没人, no one没人, everything一切事物, everybody每个人, everyone每个人等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。复合不定代词的指代对象：含-body 和-one 的复合代词只用来指人，含-body 的复合不定代词与含-one 的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全一样，可以互换。只是用-body 时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one 时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如： Someone/Somebody is cryin

29、g in the ne*t room.有人在隔壁房间哭。 No one/Nobody is stupid.没有谁是愚蠢的。含-thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如： Are you going to buy anything你会去买东西吗？ I can hear nothing but your voice.我只听到了你的声音。复合不定代词的属格：含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词可有-s 属格形式。如： Everybodys business is nobodys business.大家的事情没人管。 Is this anybodys seat 这儿有人坐吗？含-one 和-b

30、ody 等指人的复合代词后跟else 时，-s 属格应加在else之后。如： Can you remember someone elses name你还记得其他人的吗？含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-s 属格形式。复合不定代词的定语：复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如： Can you tell something interesting你能讲些有趣的事情吗？ Would you like something to eat要来些吃的东西吗？2. 实战演练1He has _ to tell us.A.something importantB.important

31、something C.anything usefulD.useful nothing2His earliest plays are e*cellent, but his latest one is _.A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing3 Do you have_ at home now, Stella No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything4 Do you mind if

32、Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you Im afraid I do. Ill be glad to lend money to _ but Charlie.A.someoneB.everyoneC.anyoneD.no one九、相互代词1. 相互代词的用法用于表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。常用的有：each other, one another，两者没有很大的区别，一般可以互换。相互代词可以作宾语、定语。相互代词后可以加s, 表示所有关系，做定语。如： We should learn from each other / one another. 做宾语你们经常彼此写信吗？ We often borrow each others / one anothers books. 做定语 The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their hom