英语长难句分析100句

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1、. .英语长难句分析100句在MBA联考英语试卷中，阅读理解和翻译共有60分，占到了全卷分数的半壁江山以上。毫不夸X地说，把这两部分做好，在英语考试中取得理想的成绩便不再是奢望。那么怎么样才能做好这一部分的试题呢？关键要通过大量的练习，增强阅读英文句子、尤其是其中长难句的能力。长难句一般是指结构复杂难以理解的句子，也有一些其实结构并不复杂，但因为句子很长也很容易让人困惑。长难句出现不多，但是常常大大增加我们理解的难度，成为我们获取高分的“拦路虎”。下面就近年试题中阅读理解和翻译中出现的长难句都列出来，分析它们的结构，指出其中的考查难点，并对如何恰当翻译它们给出建议，希望广XX学能从中得到一些启

2、发。1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the respo

3、nsible management of business.句子主干Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased shareholders as a class, (which was) an element语法难点本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an elementlandowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是（which was）representing ，另一个是(which was)

4、detached。可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。句子翻译 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。翻译技巧实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句，一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况，把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句。 2Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune spran

5、g up to house large. fonable classes who had retired on their ines, and who had no relation to the rest of the munity except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.句子主干Townssprang upclasses who, and who语法难点1）有并列从句。分析句子主干很

6、容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构，分句由who,and who两个并列结构组成。注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语，真正的主句谓语是sprang of。retire on指“依靠什么而退休（多跟表收入的名词）”。 2）that of drawing dividends 结构中，draw是收取的意思，dividend指红利，that of sth结构是名词性的，that of sth相当于which is结构，目的都是修饰前面的名词。注意后面还有attending是省略了which were的定语从句，把of sth结构和定语从句交替使用是英语中长难句的惯用手法，目的是避免行文的单调，

7、考生朋友们要注意分辨。句子翻译像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市兴起了，大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系，只是分取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，对管理人员发号施令。翻译技巧同样是为了避开定语从句，将主句和分句拆为两句。要注意几个短语的理解。retire on依靠退休/haverelationto与有关系/up to 达到的规模。3Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. ,li

8、ke a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. 句子主干Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down, like a , considering them as, in which a”语法难点有省略。1）like分句是省略了who 的主语从句中的分句，considering分句是现在分词

9、引导的状语从句。这个状语从句可以拿到句首，也可以在句尾。一般来说较长的状语从句置于句尾，较短的置于句首，为的是使句子看上去显得简洁一些。 2）like分句中出现了比较多的省略，补全以后是who like a poet who is among the letters。英语中的从句之所以是难点就是因为大量地省略引导词。句子翻译罗博特富尔顿曾经写道，机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围，像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样，把它们作为自己的思路展示，每一个新组合都传送一个新概念。翻译技巧如果严格地翻译，like分句应该译为“像对待字母表中字母的诗人一样”，原因是这个从句修饰的是机械工，应该用诗人来对

10、应，但这样一来，就不符合汉语的表达习惯了。4Some of these causes are pletely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.句子主干Some of these causes are reasonable results, Others are consequences of advances语法难点主语是some of th

11、ese causes，实际的主语就是some，不过谓语是单数还是复数则取决于of后面的成分是单数还是复数。being to是定语从句的分句结构，意为“属于”。 句子翻译在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果。翻译技巧这个翻译比较简单，注意being to的翻译即可。5This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a

12、government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.句子主干This trend began during , when,that语法难点1）有套和从句。这个句子实际上是This trend began.其余的成分都是在起修饰和限定作用。在分析长难句时一定要注意找出句子的主干，关键是确定句子的主语和谓语，只有这样才不会被众多的修饰成分所迷惑。 2）When引导的是时间状语从句。第一个that引导的是修饰conclusion的定语从句，第二个that引导的是

13、修饰demands的定语从句，wants前省略了which，是引导的修饰a government的主语从句。句子翻译这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府下了结论，认为：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。翻译技巧此句中短语较多。e to the conclusion形成某种结论/make of提出/in detail详细地6This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possibl

14、e consequence in the future.句子主干This seems done by supporting a certain amount of research notbut语法难点注意notbut句型，意为“不是而是”句子翻译给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。翻译技巧严格说来，notbut结构应译为“不是而是”，但这样就显得罗嗦，所 以译为“与无关”，但（另一些有关）。a amount of指“数量达到”。be related to指“与有关”。7However, the world is so made that ele

15、gant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects. 句子主干However, the world is so made thatsystems are unable to deal with some of the aspects 语法难点so made指“如此构成”，so和后面的that构成sothat结构，意为“如此以至于”。be(un)able to指“可以（或不可以）”。句子翻译然而，世界就是如此。一般而言，完美的体系无

16、法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。翻译技巧be so made that意为“如构成”，不符合汉语表达习惯，所以译为“就是如此”。in principle 总的说来/deal with应付8New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.句子主干New formsas well as new subjectsmust ariseas they h

17、ave in the past, giving rise to语法难点有并列从句。1)主语较为复杂，为并列结构，分别是new forms和new subjects，中间用as well as连接。 2）as在这里引导了一个介词结构（as they have in the past），have的宾语省略了，其内容与本句主语一致。 3)giving rise to分句为非限定性定语从句的从句，省略了which are。句子翻译同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。翻译技巧as well as 和，以及/give rise to给以机会9For Lloyd Nick

18、son, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.句子主干For Lolyd Nicks, the NT Rightsmeans he can get on with living without语法难点

19、插入成分很多。此句实际上是个简单句，其核心结构为Rights means，只不过添加了诸多限制结构使句子看起来很复杂。”For Lolyd Nicks”为主句的状语成分，“a 54years oldcancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语。句子翻译对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的的肺癌患者尼克逊来说，这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去，而无须终日担心将要来临的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。翻译技巧同位语从句在汉语中很少出现，对同位语从句的处理就把它当作定语从句即可。如此句中就将同位语成分作为前置状语成分的主语的修饰成分即可。haunting fear指“向看到鬼一样恐惧”，表示非常恐惧。1

20、0Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.句子主干Someone, if, often had nowhere to turn except 语法难点有省略现象。traveling不是现在分词，而是引导修饰someone的定语从句。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语be动词”的结构，这样显得句子简洁。句子翻译独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受伤了或者生病了，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。翻译技巧直译

21、的话，应该说人们“没有其他地方，只有”可得到帮助，但这样写的话显得冗长而且费解，这里根据句意，译为“只能向求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活，意思很多，这里依据上下文，译为“向求助”。11We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette fo

22、r the nerves.句子主干We live in a society in whichsubstances is pervasive语法难点实际是简单句。此句句子虽长，但是结构并不复杂，可以从冒号开始分为两个部分。理解的时候要有意识地把两部分分开，个个击破。in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are，是因为在这个从句中主语是use，而不是substances，这一点要注意分辨。句子翻译 在我们生活的社会里，物质（药品）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗：服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼，喝酒来应酬，早晨和咖啡来提神，吸烟镇定情绪等。翻译技巧该句冒号以后的内容写得很轻巧，很有文

23、学性，我们翻译的时候也不要强求字字照应，而应该也是比较灵活。如quiet不是“安静”的意思，而是“镇静”的意思。12Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.句子主干Dependence i

24、s marked first by, with, and then by语法难点有并列从句和省略。with引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked ，所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构。句子翻译依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。翻译技巧有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了，其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。13But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freed

25、om and social responsibility, and he announced that the pany would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.句子主干But he talked as well about , and he announced that语法难点该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。句子翻译 但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要

26、“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准翻译技巧虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。14Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.句子主干Average inflationfell to a mere, close

27、 to its, before语法难点有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规。之所以用rising，是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was，这样显得简洁得多。句子翻译七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。翻译技巧the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意

28、思。fall to是“跌落至”的意思。15Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack.句子主干Economists have beensurprised byand, since,and especial

29、ly, have 语法难点主句用现在完成时have been是因为经济学家长时间以来关注，现在也在关注，是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。句子翻译 特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。翻译技巧favorable表示的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜欢的”，与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。16Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account o

30、f human rights, which is something the world does not have.句子主干Actually it isn t, because it assumes that, which is语法难点有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰，而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。句子翻

31、译事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。翻译技巧agree为“约定的”意思，agreed account直译为“约定的看法”，意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外，将不定代词具体化，也更符合汉语习惯。17Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties a

32、nd entitlements.句子主干Some philosophers argue that, as part of an exchange of语法难点该句仍为主从复合句。that引导的宾语从句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补充语的角色。句子翻译 有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。翻译技巧要正确选择contract的词义，不要译成从此“收缩，缩小”。argue不要译成“争论”，而要灵活处理成“论证说”。18It leads the discussion to extremes

33、at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.句子主干It leads the discussion: it invites you to think that, or with语法难点有并列从句和省略。冒号把句子分成两部分，后一部分对前面部分作进一步解释说明。前面部分是简单句。后面部分是复合句。that引导的宾语从句

34、中，主语是animals，谓语是should be treated，either or引导两个介词短语作状语，either引导的介词短语中，humans extend to other humans是一个省略引导词that的定语从句。句子翻译这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。翻译技巧it 的所指要明确。leads the discussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”，at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句，更合乎汉语习惯。19Arguing from the v

35、iew that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.句子主干Arguing from the view that humans are, extremists of this语法难点有套和从句。逗号前面是一个现在分词短语，作状语，里面又有一个that从句作the view的同位语，逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句。句子翻译这类人持极端看法，认为人

36、与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。翻译技巧in every relevant respect译成“各相关方面”，不要把respect 译成“尊重”；extremists为极端主义者；let outside the area of moral choice译成“不在道德X围内，不关乎道德”。20When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather tha

37、n laughed at.句子主干When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is .instinct, an instinct that should be语法难点以冒号为界，将全句分成两个复合句。前面的复合句里，时间状语从句when that happens叙述的是前一句to see的情形的出现。That修饰这种行为，主句表明这种行为并不错。冒号后面的复合句解释为什么。这里有一个that从句，作instinct的定语。句子翻译 这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。翻译技巧将that，it等代词

38、具体化，使译文表达明确；reasoning不能译成“原因”，而应译为“推理，推论”；in action不能译成“在行动中”，而译成“在起作用”，action在此是“作用，性能”的意思；翻译被动语态时，使用“得到”，“遭到”等，使译文流畅自然。21The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so ful

39、l of silt that it barely generates electricity.句子主干The Aswan Dam, stopped the Nile floodingbut语法难点有插入语。for example是个插入结构，不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意sothat结构，是“如此以至于”的意思。句子翻译以阿斯旺大坝为例，它挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲积的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个病态的大水库。现在水库积满泥沙，几乎不能用于发电了。翻译技巧the Nile是尼罗河。All in return意思是“换回来的全部则是”。22Th

40、e trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.句子主干The trouble is thatis due to , and so is not 语法难点有套和从句。the trouble is that是表语从句结构。后一个that引导的是修饰rebou

41、nd的定语从句。句子翻译问题在于，近期的增长一定程度上是因为商业运作周期涨落的结果，因此还不能得出经济已经呈现复苏态势这一结论。翻译技巧part of the recent acceleration不可译为“一部分的最近的加速”，而是“最近加速部分是由于”。business cycle是指“商业周期”。23New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,

42、which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.句子主干New ways of workplaceare only one contribution to, which is, and语法难点有插入语。两个破折号中间的成分为插入结构，可以视为括号里面的内容。Such as后面的内容是对many other factors的列举。在阅读的时候基本可以跳

43、过不看，除非后面有细节题考查这里的内容。句子翻译组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩小规模只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施，还有其他许多因素促进生产率的提高，比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。翻译技巧all that译为“这一切包括”。overall productivity译为“综合生产力水平”。Joint investment译为“联合投资”。Drive译为“驱动”。24His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many panies have applied re engineering in a m

44、echanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.句子主干His colleague, says that ,chopping out costs without giving语法难点有省略。chopping out costs without giving sufficient 分句是非限定性定语从句。修饰的是前一分句的整体意思。without后面要跟现在分词giving。句子翻译他的同时迈克尔比尔说，为数众多的公司以简单机械的方式进行机构重组

45、，降低了成本，但却未能充分考虑长期赢利。翻译技巧far too many译为“太多的（比实际需要）”。re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion应译为“以简单机械的方式”。chop out译为“削减”。25A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal.【解释】：句中的人名做插入语

46、，谓语动词approve所接宾语有一个定语从句修饰，形容词illegal做the hunting补语。【翻译】：议会工党成员，Mike Foster先生正竭力使议会通过一项新的法律，这项新的法律规定带着猎狗去捕杀野生动物是XX的。26Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.【解释】：谓语says 后面是省略了that 的宾语从句；an achievemen

47、t是对这个宾语从句的补充说明；that引导的定语从句修饰achievement一词。【翻译】：马丁说自1990年以来，这个数字可能降得还要低一些，巴西降低人口增长的成就成为很多第三世界国家的羡慕对象。27In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers.【解释】：这是一个并列句，分句二省略了谓语pattern和宾语play。在

48、修饰这个并列句的状语In societies中，where引导的定语从句修饰societies一词。【翻译】：他们的社会角色在社会中被严格地规定下来，男孩按照父亲扮演的角色行事，女孩做母亲做过的事情。28petition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.【解释】：by which 引导的定语从句修饰mean

49、s ，该从句中的 such as individual freedom,是对values 的举例说明，这些举例说明造成了从句的谓语分隔。【翻译】：竞争不仅是好事，而且是维护美国人其他一些基本的价值观念和个人自由、机会平等和勤奋工作等价值观的手段。29The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to rea

50、d.【解释】：that引导的定语从句修饰conditions和climate，从句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to devise to read。【翻译】：教学的作用就是提供各种条件，创造一种氛围，使得孩子们有可能用最有效的方法自己教育自己阅读。30It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biol

51、ogical and those that are external and environmental.【解释】：本句的真正主语是并列的不定式结构：to distinguish和to separate，it是形式主语；两个that引导两个并列的定语从句，分别修饰其前的those。【翻译】：区别有机物与周围环境，以及把作用于有机物上的力分为内部的和生物的与外部的和环境的，这样做似乎非常容易。31Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption（设想）that everyone p

52、refers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of acmodation.【解释】：who引导的定语从句修饰those；that引导的定语从句修饰assumption。and on the high cost前面省略了base their。【翻译】：那些反对建造公寓的人将其主X基于以下设想：人们更喜欢住带花园的个人私宅，而且公寓的单元造价很高。32But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental lite

53、racy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of he middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.【解释】：than后的代词 it指

54、代worry，前后都是同等结构，而problem分别带了两个介词短语decline和unwillingness，句末的非限制性定语从句仍修饰problem。【翻译】：但我今天担忧的不是美国人最基本的认字问题，而是另外一个更奢华的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读艺术的衰退，他们不愿意给自己留出安静的空间，呆在家里，花费时间专注地阅读，这是围绕着古典阅读技巧形象的问题。33In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without th

55、e drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died.【解释】：本句有两个并列谓语reexposed和was astonished to；第一个that引导的是find的宾语从句；第二个that引导的是定语从句，修饰mice，请注意这个定语从句造成了宾语从句中的主语mice和谓语died的分隔。【翻译】：为了消除老鼠对甜物的厌恶，Ader又将老鼠暴露在糖精面前，这一次却

56、没有给它们注射药剂，他惊讶地发现，在前面的试验中食入大量甜物的老鼠死掉了。34Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is mon elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain.【解释】：students should contribute to是宾语从句；something是对从句的补充说明；that引导的定语从句修饰something一词。【翻译】：多数学院认为，学生应当

57、交纳学费，这是一桩在世界其他地方很普通，在英国却标志着一场革命的事情。35Finally, advertisers try to begin mercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the mercial is buried.【解释】：that引导的定语从句修饰sounds；该从句中又含了一个within which引导的定语从句，修饰programming。【翻译】：最后广告人员还运用各种方法使广告节目的声音不同于其它节目的声音。36Bottom ret

58、ail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994.【解释】：破折号内的插入语进一步说明prices，并造成主谓分隔；who引导的定语从句修饰visitors。【翻译】：比欧洲和亚洲30%70%的零售价格吸引了约4700万的游客已于1994年涌入美国，而这些游客为美国留下了79亿美元的收入。37And the limi

59、ted investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.【解释】：第一个that引导的定语从句修饰investments；第二个that引导的定语从句修饰skills；rather than后面省

60、略focused。【翻译】：培训工人的有限投资还仅限于用于即将做的工作特殊技巧的培训，而不是用于对工人基本技术的培训，而这种培训才可能提高工人接受新技术的能力。38In book promotions, the unauthorized characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress.【解释】：that引导的定语从句修饰gossip。【翻译】：推销书时，未经授权的传记往往意味着读者有可能从中读到传主不希望公之于众的、绘声绘色的内幕故事。39

61、In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race.【解释】：environmentalists argue是插入语，which引导的定语从句修饰extent。【翻译】：保护环境主义者们说，从长远的观点看，核能浪费宝贵的资源，破坏生态平衡，甚至导致人类的毁灭。40We will be face

62、d with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West.【解释】：where引导的定语从句修饰situation，该从句中有两个由and连接的并列谓语：will have and may have；which引导的定语从句修饰views。【翻译】：我们将会面对这样一种局面，很多这些词典的使用者们都有着鲜明的社会文化背景，世界观可能与西方人完全不同甚至对立。41And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simplemindednessas h