江苏省常州市潞城中学九年级英语易混词组短语辨析复习

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1、易混词组、短语辨析1a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿” “有些”。如： I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如： A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。a little可直

2、接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如：. There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.注意 a little of 后的名词通常特指，表“中的一些”，如： May I have a little of your tea?. 否定形式 not a little 作状语，相当于very/ quite, “很”， “非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much, 意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相当于not muc

3、h. Eg: He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。. Not a bit 中的not 可以分开使用；not a little中的not 则不能分开。Eg: He felt not a bit tired. = He didnt feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说：He didnt fell

4、a little tired.2a few/ few/ a little/ little. a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如： Few people will agree to the plan because its too dangerous.This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. There is little water left in gla

5、ss. Will you please give me some Dont worry, we have a little time left.3 agree with/ agree on/ agree to(1)agree with(sb.)表示“与意见一致”。 I dont agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。 (2)agree to(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等,“同意计划、安排”。 We all agreed to your plan. 我们同意你的计划。 (3)agree on 表示“双方就.达成一致协议”。 China and the U.S.

6、A. agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了协议。4 at times / at all times / all the time. at times “不时；偶尔”如： The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。 I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。. at all times.“随时；任何时候；总是” 如：He has a cool head at all times.

7、 他随时都有清醒的头脑。. all the time “一直；始终” 其中time用单数形式。如：The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。5 another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others. another 指不定数目中的“另一个、又一个” （三个以上）用来代替或修饰可数名词。如：I dont think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another?. other 泛指“另外的”修饰复数名词。如：We study Chinese, maths, English an

8、d other subjects. others 泛指“另外的人或物”， 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如：Some like swimming, others like boating. the other 指两个中的“另一个”如：He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing. the others 特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”如：There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my fathers.6 at last/

9、 finally/ in the end. at last “最后”表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生，强调努力的结果，带有较强的感情色彩。须用一般过去时。如：Did the man in the shop understand him at last?. finally 表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”， 无感情色彩，只用于过去时。它居句首时较多。 Finally he went to see the famous man himself. . in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”，有时可与finally相互替换。但用于将来的预测时，则只能用in the end 如： I hope t

10、hat everything will turn out all right in the end.7 at school/ in school/ in a (the) school. at school表示“在学校、在上学”相对于在家里或在校外。如： My son is at school now. He is not at home or somewhere else. 我儿子现在在学校，他不在家，也不在别的地方。 When my brother was at school, he studied very hard.在学校时，我兄弟学习很用功。. in school “在求学、在上学”相

11、对于有工作。如：My daughter still in school She doesnt work.。我女儿还在上学，她不在工作。注：和用at school 强调所在场所或时间。中的in school 则强调主语的身份是学生。因此，in school. 和 at school的着重点不一样，通常不互换使用。. In a / the school “在学校”，不一定指上学。类似的还有：in hospital “生病住院”in a / the hospital表“在医院”（工作或探视病人等）at table “在吃饭”at a / the table “在桌边”(有可能在聊天或看报） Is y

12、our friend in school? 你的朋友在上学吗？ Your friend looked for you in the school just now.刚才你的朋友在学校里找你。 Children are often in hospital when they are young. 孩子们小的时候经常生病住院。 She is a good doctor in the hospital.她是医院里的一名好大夫。8 at the top of/ on the top of. at the top of “在顶点上、在上”。At 表示点，在句子中用作状语，反义短语常为 at the bo

13、ttom of “在底部”； on (the) top of 中的on 表示部位上的接触，意思是“在之上、在上面”。反义短语常为at the foot of “在脚底下”。如： He shouted at the top of his voice. 他高声地叫喊。 He is at the top of the class.他居全班之首位。Will you please put this box on (the) top of the books.请你这个盒子放在那些书的上面好吗？9 at the end of ,by the end of ,to the end ,in the end at

14、 the end of 可表示时间，也可表示地点，指“在末（底）”、“在末端（尽头）”； by the end of 仅表示时间，指“在前”、“到为止”；at the end of指过去或将来时间上的一个点，往往与一个行为动作相关，常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用；by the end of 不指一个时间点，而是指某一时间点以前或到某一时间点为止，强调的是状态或结果，而不是行为，常与完成时连用。如：We had a class meeting at the end of last week.上周末我们开了一个班会。/By the end of this term we has learned s

15、ixteen units.到这个学期为止，我们已经学了16个单元. to the end常与运动性或持续性动词连用，表示“到（某一）终点为止”，指地点，也可指时间。如:We should go on with the work to the end.我们应把工作进行到底。/Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.走到这条路的尽头，你会看到一家邮局。 in the end后不接任何单词，表示“最后、终于“，相当于at last ,finally.如：They won the game in the end.我们最终赢得

16、了比赛。10 by the way/ on the way/ in the way(1)by the way 常用作状语，意为“顺便问一下”,“顺便说一下”。 (2)on the way “在的路上”，后接名词时需加介词to,后接副词home、here、there时不加to。 (3)in the way “挡路、妨碍”。 例Your car is in the way.你的小汽车挡路了。He bought a pen on his/ the way to school.他在上学的路上买了一枝钢笔。By the way, how old are you?顺便问一下，你多大了？11 be afra

17、id of sb or sth/ be afraid of doing sth/be afraid to do sth/ be afraid +that clause. be afraid of sb or sth. “害怕某人或某事”如 The man is afraid of nothing.这个人什么都不怕。 Jenny is afraid of her father, for he is very strict with her. 詹妮害怕她父亲，因为他对她要求很严格。. be afraid of doing sth. “害怕、担心某事（自己也无法左右的突发事情）发生”如：I am a

18、fraid of falling into the swimming pool.我担心掉进游泳池里去。. be afraid to do sth. “害怕、不敢做某事”如： The bat was afraid to leave his home. 蝙蝠不敢离开家。 I am afraid to go out at night. 我害怕晚上出去。. be afraid +that clause. “恐怕”表带歉意的回绝或告知不好的消息。that 常省去。如：I am afraid (that) I cant do that today. 恐怕今天我不能做那件事。. 在日常用语中，I am af

19、raid 常表示歉意或客气，没有恐惧之意。往往相当于I am sorry , 引出不愿发生、可能使对方失望的情况。如： I am afraid I dont agree with you. 恐怕我不会同意你的意见。 I am afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。. 口语中，在 I am afraid 之后用so / not,可省去上文提到的内容。如：-Has he gone to Guangzhou? 他去广州了吗？ -Im afraid so.-Are we on time? 我们迟到了吗？ -Im afraid not. 可能没迟到。12 be angry

20、/ get angry. be / get angry “生某人的气”后面的介词要用with; “因某事而生气”后面的介词要用about / at; be / get angry 后接不定式，这时不定式动词大多为 see 和hear 其不定式同样表生气的原因。 如： Miss Liu was / got angry with Li Ping because he was late for school today. 刘老师生李平的气是因为他今天迟到了。 She was / got angry with my behaviour.她对我的行为感到生气。 What are you angry ab

21、out ? 你生什么气？ My father was angry at what I said. 我爸对我说的很生气。. get angry 强调变化，强调由不生气变为生气这一过程；be angry 强调状态，表明正在生气这一状态。His mother got angry with him when he told her what he had done at school.当他告诉他母亲，他在校的行为时，她生气了。联想：类似的有： be / become interested in. “对有兴趣” be / get married. “结婚” have / catch a cold “感冒

22、” be / fall ill “生病” be / fall asleep “入睡、睡着”13 be anger with/ be angry about/ be angry at(1)be angry with 后只能跟表“人”的名词或代词，意思是“生某人的气”，其后常跟一个表原因的介词for。 The teacher was angry with me for my coming late.老师因为我来晚生气了。 (2)be angry at = be angry about意思是“因某事而愤怒”。at或about后只能接表“事物”的名词。如： He is angry with/ abou

23、t small things.他常为一些小事生气。 He was angry about/ at missing the film.他为错过那场电影而生气。 14 be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.15 be good at/ do well in. be good at / in 意思接近于 do well in. “在（某方面）出色；擅长”。be good

24、 at / in 强调一种笼统情况，而do well in 可表示一种情况，也可指在具体的一次活动中表现出色。be good at 的反义词组为：be poor (weak) at (in). do well in 的反义词组为：do badly in. 如： Mary is good at / in maths. = Mary does well in maths. 玛丽数学很好（指情况）。= 玛丽数学学得很好。 Tom did well in (不宜用be good at.指具体一次)that English test / sports meeting.汤姆在那次英语考试中（运动会中）考得

25、很好（表现出色）。 Wu Dong does badly in his lessons. = Wu Dong is weak / poor / at / in his lessons.吴冬功课不好。（指情况） Mei Ying did badly in the high jump 梅英在跳高比赛中成绩不好。（具体一次，不宜替换。） Mei Ying is weak / poor in / at high jump.梅英不善于跳高。（指笼统情况）. do well 和do badly可单独使用，表一种情况；而be good / weak / poor 一定要借助于介词in 或at, 强调在某一个

26、方面，才能表达一个完整的意思。如：He does well / badly at school. 他在学校里功课很好/很差。16 be made of ,be made from ,be made into ,be made in be made of表示某一物品被制成以后可以看出原料. be made from表示制成品中看不出原材料，两者在口语中可以用be made out of替换。 be made into意为“被制成”，其主动形式为makeinto（把制成）。如：We can make glass into bottles./Glass can be made into bottle

27、s.玻璃可制成瓶子。 be made in后接地点，表示是有某地制造（出品）的。17 be pleased with/ at/ to. be pleased with “对人/物，感到满意”介词with后接人或物。 如： Both Mark and her mother were pleased with the girl. 马克和他妈妈都有喜欢这个女孩。 I wasnt very pleased with / at my exam results. 我对自己的考试成绩不太满意。. be pleased at “对某事/物，感到满意”。介词at 常与事物搭配使用。He was very ple

28、ased at the news.他对这个消息感到很满意。. be pleased to “乐意； 因而高兴”。to 不是介词，而是小品词。后接动词原形。如： I shall be pleased to go. 我将乐意去。 We are quite pleased to be working in this country. 能在这个国家工作，我们是十分高兴的。18 be sure/ make sure. be sure 指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握，常译为：“确信”；make sure 指“务必、务请、确保”将某事弄清楚。如： I am sure that he is honest. 我

29、相信他是诚实的。 I have made sure that he is honest. 我已了解清楚他是诚实的。. 二者后面均可接of 或about 引出的短语。如： I am sure of success = I am sure that I will succeed.我深信会成功。 Will you make sure of his return? = Will you make sure that he returned? 请你查明他是否真的回来了。好吗？. make sure 后面的that 从句一般不用或很少用将来时； be sure 后面的that从句则可用将来时。如： Mak

30、e sure that you come here before five. 你一定要在5点前来。 I am sure that he will come. 我相信他一定会来的。. 两者后面接不定式，均表示“一定要做某事”，但make sure 通常只用于祈使句；而be sure 则不受限制。如：to come to party on time. 一定要准时来参加晚会。 He is sure to call you up. 他准会给你打电话的。19 be surprised/ in surprise. be surprised 为“动词+形容词”结构，在句中作谓语，意为：“感到吃惊”. be

31、surprised at 表“对感到吃惊”. in surprise为“介词+名词”结构。在句中作状语。意为：“吃惊地”。如： She was surprised. 她感到吃惊。 Everybody was surprised at you. 大家都对你感到吃惊。 John turned round and looked at him in surprise. 约翰转过身去，吃惊地看着他。20 be used for/ be used as/ be used by (1)be used for 在这个短语中，介词for表用途，即“用来作”。 A pen is used for writing.

32、笔是用来书写的。 (2)be used as 在这个短语中，介词as表身份或工具，即“被用作”。 English is used as a useful tool in our country.在我国英语被作为一个有用的工具来使用。 (3)be used by 短语中，介词by后接使用的执行者，“为所使用”之意。 English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.英语被世界上旅游者和商人所使用。21 before long/ long before. before long. “不久”，“不久以后”. lon

33、g before “很早以前”，“好久以前”如： I hope to see you again before long. 我希望不久以后再见到你。 We finished our work long before. 我们早就把工作做完了22 catch a cold/ have a cold一般情况下，这两个短语都表示“得了感冒，患了感冒”但有所侧重： (1)catch a cold 强调动作。如： Its cold outside. Go into the house or youll catch a cold.外面冷。到房间里去吧，不然你会感冒的。 (2)have a cold 强调状态

34、。 I have had a cold for several days and I cant get rid of it.我感冒已经好几天了，可还是好不了。 23 for short/ short for(1)for short 意为“缩写、简称、简言之”，多作状语。 The teacher told us to write the text for short.老师让我们缩写课文。 (2)short for “是的缩写”，一般作表语。如： “Youd” is short for “You would” or “You had”. “Youd”是“You would”或“You had”的缩

35、写形式。 24 forget to do / forget doing. forget如： I forgot to tell him about it.我忘了把事告诉他。 I forgot telling him about it. 我忘了，我曾把这事告诉过他。注意：类似的还有： try如：1 Lets try knocking at the back door.让我们敲敲后门试试看。2 We will try to go home tomorrow. 明天我们争取回家。 remember regret doing sth/to do sth 与此亦同。 go on need want doi

36、ng sth / to do sth. 与此相同。25 give a message/ leave a message / take a message. Leave a message.“留下个信儿”打电话的人常用。后与介词for 搭配。构成 leave a message for sb. take a message “捎个信儿”接电话的人常用.后与介词for 搭配。构成：take a message for sb. give a message “给某人个信儿”后与to 搭配，构成：give a message to sb. = give sb a message.如： Can I ta

37、ke a message for him? 我能给他捎个信吗？ Can you leave a message for her? 你能给她留个口信吗？ I will give a message to her. 我将给她个信儿。26 go to bed/ go to sleep/ fall asleep/ be asleep(1)go to bed 表动作，指“去睡觉”。 (2)go to sleep也表动作，指进入“睡着”状态。 (3)fall asleep表动作，意为“刚刚入睡”，指“刚睡着”这动作。 (4)be asleep表状态，意为“睡着的”。例如： He fell asleep w

38、hen there was a loud knock at the door.他刚睡着，这时有人大声敲门。The baby has been asleep for an hour.这孩子睡着一个小时了。He found it difficult to go to sleep.他发现很难入睡。27 how often/how soon/how long/how far这几组词都是用来提问时间或长度的但用法不同。 how long意为“多长/久时间”，是对句子“for”,“since”,“fromto”等表示一段时间的状语的提问，可用于过去时，将来时或完成时。如： -How long will h

39、e be away?他要离开多长时间？-He will be away for two days.两天时间。-How long have you been a teacher?你当老师多久了？-For about ten years.大约10年了。 注意：how long引导的句子动词一般为延续性动词。 how soon意为某事多快能发生或完成,常对句子中的in时间状语进行提问。如：-How soon will the building be finished?大楼过多久才能完工？-In a month.一个月吧。 how often意为多长时间一次,每隔多久,是对句中的often, usua

40、lly, every day, sometimes, never, once a week等表示频率的副词提问,多用于一般现在时。如： -How often do you go to see a film?-Once a week.-你多长时间看1次电影？-1周1次。 how far 是对距离的提问，意为“长达千米/米”等。如： -How far is it from here to the park?It is two kilometers.-从这里到公园有多远？两千米远。28 hear/ hear of/ hear from (1)hear 为及物动词，“听到”，表结果。 I can he

41、ar you clearly.我能清楚听到你说的话。 (2)hear of = hear about 为不及物动词,指某人间接地“听别人说起”，如： I have heard of the writer but I have never seen him.我听人们说起这位作家，但没见过他。 (3)hear from 一般后接 sb. 指“收到来信”。如： Have you heard from Jim?你收到吉姆的来信了吗？ 29 hear sb. doing sth./ hear sb. do sth.（1）hear sb. doing sth. 结构中为-ing作宾语补足语，指动作在进行当

42、中。如： I hear him talking next door.我听到他正在隔壁房间讲话。 (2) hear sb. do sth.这里do sth.为宾语补足语，指动作已发生，完成了，意思是“听到某人做了某事”，动作不再呈现，只能靠想象或回忆来叙述发生的事情。如： I heard her sing the song yesterday.昨天我听见她唱这首歌。 (3)大多数的感官动作（如see、watch、notice等）都可以用于这两种结构，但意义是不相同的。要注意加以区别。. 30 in all/ at all/ of all/ after all这些含有all 的短语的意义与all

43、的本意无关，极易混淆。 (1)in all“总计、总共”，在句中作状语 There are 60 students in our class in all.我们班共有60个学生。 (2)at all“全然，根本不”，一般用于否定句中加强语气。 She doesnt like football at all.她一点也不喜欢足球。 (3)after all “毕竟、终究、到底”，一般置于句首或句尾作状语。 After all, he is a child.毕竟,他还是个孩子。They finished the work after all.他们最终完成了工作。31 in the future/in

44、 future这两个词组都有“在将来”的意思，但含义上有区别。.in furture多指从现在开始近期的将来，在时间上包括现在。如： You must be more careful in furture. 你今后必须更加小心。 He promised to give me more help in furture. 他答应今后给我更多的帮助。.in the furture多指较遥远的将来的某一时间，在时间概念上一般不包括现在。如： Who can tell what will happen in the furture? 谁能说准将来会发生什么？ In the furture travel

45、agencies may be organizing trips to the moon. 将来，旅行社可能会组织去月球的旅行。注 in the furture 的 furture 前加形容词时，不要去掉 the 。如in the near/far /distant furture。 32 join /join in / take part in. join 可用来表示加入某个政党、团体、组织等， 指成为其中的成员。如： My uncle joined the Party in 1989. We are going for a swim .Will you come and join us.我

46、们要去游泳，你和我们一起去好吗？. join in 表“加入、参与”某种活动，后接名词或动词的ing 形式，表“参加某人的活动”可以说：join sb. in (doing) sth. 如： He joined them in the work.他同他们一起工作。 Will you join us in playing basketball?你跟我们一起打篮球好吗？. take part in 指“参加”会议、考试、竞赛或群众性活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。如： The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday.昨天老师参

47、加了我们的讨论。 When will you take part in the meeting? 你将在什么时候参加会议？注意：join in 后面可以不跟宾语。而take part in 后面必须跟宾语。如：Let me join in. 让我参加吧。33 keep doing sth./ keep sb. doing sth.在这两个结构中，keep后有无sb. 意义是不相同的。 (1) keep doing sth. 意为“不断/反复/坚持做某事”，动作是主语本身发出来的。如： He kept asking us to remember teamwork.他不断地叫我们记住合作。 Kee

48、p doing sth. = keep on doing sth. (2) keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，keep在这里有使.处于某状态”之意,doing的动作不是主语来完成,而是由宾语sb.来完成的.例如： I keep them waiting at the gate.我让他们在大门口等候。 34 look/ look for/ find/ find out / look up. look “看”指看的意识，强调看的行为动作。是不及物动词。不能直接接宾语。如： Look, they are playing on the playground. look fo

49、r “寻找”指有目的地找。强调“寻找”这一动作。 What are you looking for? 你在找什么？. find “找到、发现”指经过一番努力后“找到”丢失的人或东西。强调“找”的结果。如： I cant find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔了。 The poor granny is looking for her little son. I hope she can find him. 这个可怜的老奶奶在找她的小儿子，我希望她能找到他。. find out “找出、查明”用着及物动词短语，常表达找出答案，弄明真相，查明情况等意思。如： Please find out wh

50、en the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。. look up “向上看；查字典”如： She looked up and she saw many birds in the sky. You must look up the new words when you dont know how to pronounce it.35 much too/ too much. much too 太、非常， 用作副词词组，修饰形容词或其它副词。如： Its much too cold today. 今天天气太冷。 The old man walked much too slowly

51、. 这位老人走得太慢了。. too much “太多”有三种用法：1 用作名词词组。如： You gave me too much. 你给我的太多了。2 用作形容词词组。修饰不可数名词。如： I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice.我不喜欢冬天，因为雪和冰太多了。3 用作副词词组，修饰动词，如： Dont speak too much. 别讲得太多。注：much too 与too much都可用作副词词组，但too much 不可以修饰形容词，much too 不可以修饰动词。动词。ow and ice.because t

52、here working. presents. 36 point to/ point atpoint to 与point at 都有用手指着某人或某物的意思。但后者还可表“对准；瞄准”之意。如： She pointed to a boy and said that he was her brother. He pointed his gun at the enemy and shouted “Hands up”他把口对准敌人，大声喊：“举起手来”。37 put on/ wear/ be dressed in/ dress up (1)put on 表动作，“穿上、戴上”，宾语为衣物； (2)w

53、ear 表状态，“穿戴着”； (3)be dressed in 也表状态，强调一种呈现的结果； (4)dress up 有“盛装、乔装、打扮”之意，表动作。dress常与介词搭配。如： The boy wears a new coat today.这男孩今天穿着一件新大衣。Its cold outside. Put on more clothes.外面冷，穿多一点衣服。The girl is dressed in a red coat today.小女孩今天穿着一件红外衣。 She has dressed up in a red skirt for the party.为了参加这舞会，她穿了一

54、条红裙子。38 right away/ right now/ at once/just now (1)right away, at once侧重动作，有多种时态，谓语动词随时态变化而变化。 Ill return the book right away.我马上还书。 (2)right now 侧重时间，时态只限与一般现在时和一般将来时。 The doctor is busy right now.医生此刻正忙着。Ill give you one or two instances just now.我正要给你举一两个例子。 但当just now 用于过去时的句子里时，表示“刚才”。如： He cam

55、e back just now.他刚才回来了。 39 so that/sothat (1)so that“以便”、“为了”，常引导目的状语从句。如： He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他起得早为了赶第一班车。 so that所引导的状语从句中谓语动词前一般有情态助动词can/may等。 (2) sothat“如此以至”，that 后常跟结果状语从句。例如： He is so tired that he cant walk any further.他非常疲劳，走不动了。 The film is so interesting

56、that he wants to see it again.电影太有趣了，他想再看一遍。40 try to do/ try doingtry to do 和try doing 两者意义不同，区别在于： (1)try to do sth.“努力去做，尽力做”=try ones best to do He tried to climb the tree.他试着努力爬那棵树。 (2)try doing sth. 指“尝试做看看，有何结果”，暗示在这之前已试过某种方法但不奏效，另试其他方法。 If no one answers the door, why not try knocking the ba

57、ck door?如果没有人开门，为什么不敲后门看看呢？41 thanks for/ thanks to. thanks for = thank you for “为谢”强调谢的原因。如： Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。 Thank you for your dictionary. 谢谢你的字典。. thanks to “多亏了”；“由于的帮助”相当于because of 或 with the help of , 在此短语中，to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。如： Thanks to the doctor, I am well again

58、. 多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。 Thanks to our teachers, we all passed the exam. 多亏了老师的帮助，我们都及格了。 Thanks to your help, I finish the work on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我才能按时完成工作。42 used to do sth/ be used to doing sth/ be used to do sth/ would. Used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”（现在不做了），只用于过去时态。如： He used to get up early.过去他常早起。（现在已不这样了）

59、Her mother used to go shopping on Fridays, but now she does it on Sunday.她母亲过去常在周五去购物，但现在她周日去了。. Be used to (doing)sth. “习惯于做某事”，be used 是被动语态结构。可用于现在、过去、将来多种时态。Be可用get, become等代替。如： He will be / has been used to getting up early. 他将会/ 已经习惯于早起。. Be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”， be used 是被动语态结构，其中不定式表目的，

60、可用于多种时态。如： Wood is used to make paper.木材用来造纸。注：used to 的否定式有两种：一是：used not to 二是：didnt use to 如： My father used not to smoke. = My father didnt use to smoke.我爸爸过去不抽烟。 They used not to live in the country. = They didnt use to live in the country.其疑问式是将used 提前，或添加助动词 did.would 是情态动词，没有象used to那样，有过去和现

61、在的对比。不能说明是否现在还做不做。43 whatfor/ whywhatfor和why都可译为“为什么”，但前者重提问目的，往往用含有目的的动词不定式来回答；why侧重提问原因，往往用表示原因的because从句来回答。如： What do you want a science lab for?你要实验室干什么？-What did Tom come here for?汤姆为什么到这里来？-He came to borrow my bike.他来是为了借我的自行车。-Why were you late for school?你为什么上学迟到？-Because I didnt catch the bus.因为我没有赶上公共汽车。44 many, much, a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a number of,a good(great)deal of many用来修饰可数名词，表示数目，反义词为few。如：There are many apples in the basket.篮子里有许