初三英语语法专题：名词

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1、【课前检测】1. They are from _. Theyve _. A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen2. -Do you like _? -No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress. A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots3. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? A. 20 years B. 20 year C. 20-

2、years D. 20-years4. At night the koala bear gets up and eats _. A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs D. leaies5. It is over _ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. A. three hours drive B. three hours drive C. three hours drives D. three hours drive6. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and

3、Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Jane7. The _ park will open next week. A. childrens B. childrens C. children8. Jenny should take more _, because she was always busy doing her _ at the desk. A. exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercises C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exerc

4、ise9. -Excuse me, where are _ offices? -Over there. A. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers10. _ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room一、名词的定义 Mike toy dog school man love 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。二、 名词的功能 1) 作主

5、语 The whites are going to Beijing. Ten days has passed. How much is this pair of shoes? There are two pieces of bread on the plate. Tom with his parents goes to the Disneyland every Sunday. 2) 作宾语 I like to play basketball with my classmates very much. 3) 作介宾 She was dancing with a dog called Mimi.

6、4) 作表语 Song Chengxian is my favorite actor all the time. 5) 作定语 These are apple trees. a sports meeting a clothes shop a student teacher 6) 作定语 This is my English teacher, Mr Li. 7) 名词所有格 Jacks shirt the wall of the bedroom some friends of Jacks some books of mine the key to the door a ticket for mo

7、vie三、 名词的分类 1. 简单名词: boy girl toy box 名词 复合名词: classroom birthday moonlight 2. 个体名词：girl, factory, desk, cat , country 可数 普通 集体名词：people, police, team, clothes, group, crew 名词 物质名词：食品bread, pork, cheese, chicken 饮料milk, water, Coke 不可数 自然物sand, soil, fog 名词 抽象名词： fun, health, happiness, courage, lov

8、e, care 1)人名、地名、国家名 Jim Qingdao the Summer Palace Japan 专有 2)机构、组织、团体名 Red Cross Society of China WTO WHO 名词 3)星期、月份、节日名 Saturday November Christmas Day 4)电影、书名、学科名 The Sound of Music Pride and Prejudice English四、 名词的数的用法 名词有单数与复数之分，中考中对名词数的考查多是针对名词复数而言的。 1. 可数名词的复数 1)规则变化 构成方式 例词一般情况加-scake orange

9、student 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加-shbox watch class以辅音字母加y结尾的去y加-iesparty family baby以元音字母加y结尾的加-sboy toy day以f(e)结尾的去f(e)+ -vesleaf thief knife直接+sbelief proof roof以o结尾的+eshero potato tomato+sphoto piano radio【巧学妙记】 巧记f(e)结尾的名词之复数变化 直接+s：证据显示，悬崖、海湾、屋顶、农奴相信首领。 (proof, cliff, gulf, roof, serf, belief, chief) 去f

10、(e)+ves：小偷妻子扫叶忙，架后发现亡命狼，命刀一下砍两半，留作晚上做羹汤。 (thief, wife, leaf, shelf, life, wolf, knife, half) 巧记以o结尾名词复数加-es的单词 黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆、西红柿。 (Negro, hero, mango, potato, tomato)2) 不规则变化 构成方式 例词改变名词中元音字母man foot tooth改变名词词尾child mouse(老鼠)单复同形Chinese deer yuan某国人的复数Japanese Englishman German 合成词的复数以man/woman作第一部分的

11、，都变，否则，后变man doctor woman doctor girl classmate apple tree中间无连字符或间隔的，后变girlfriend boyfriend storyteller中间有连字符或间隔的，前变passer-by looker-onson-in-law复合词中无名词的，最后动词后+sgrow-up has-been(过时的人)hang-up(麻烦，问题)只有复数形式trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, stockings, socks形复实单maths, physics, politics, news【

12、巧学妙记】 各国人变复数：中日瑞不变, 英法荷变，其余s加后面。 Chinese, Japanese, Swiss单复数同形；Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman中man变为men； 其余各国人，如German, American, Indian等均在后面直接加-s。 单复数同形：中日养(羊)鱼鹿有方法。 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, fish, deer, means . (注：fish表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是fishes)3) 集体名词的复数变化 形单实复的：人们在路上驱赶家禽与牛群，遇上警察民兵在维护治安，却见旁边一僧人在为死去的害虫祈

13、祷(people, poultry, cattle, police, militia, clergy, vermin) 可单可复的：family, class, crew(船员), audience(听众), government, group, team等。当这些名词指整体时，视为单数；指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。 Her family is going to move. Her family are football fans. 2. 不可数名词的复数 不可数名词的复数有两种表达方式: 1) some, any, no, a bit, a little等修饰语+不可数名词 some

14、 water/milk 2) 基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词(数词决定量词单/复数形式) a glass of water two glasses of milk three boxes of pears 中考常考不可数名词：information, weather, news, advice, fun等。【小试牛刀】写出下列名词的复数形式1.teacher _ 2.wish_ 3.name _ 4.orange_5.number _ 6.apple_ 7.bus_ 8.eraser_9.photo_ 10.tomato_ 11.country_ 12.friend_13.knife

15、_ 14.foot_ 15.boy_ 16.mouse_17.toy_ 18.factory_ 19.family_ 20.monkey_ 将下列词组译成英语：1. 一群孩子_ 2. 两箱子苹果_3. 一副眼镜_ 4. 三张纸_5. 四瓶橘汁_ 6. 五杯茶_五、名词的格的用法名词的格名词+/s结构所有格一般词尾+sthe boys father, Jacks books 复数 名词以s结尾的+the teachers office, the twins dad不以s结尾的+sthe childrens toys 所有 关系各自的各自+sJapans and Americas problem共

16、有的最后+sLucy and Lilys room表“某人家、店铺”，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, my unclesthe teachers of结构 所有格无生命的事物常用of结构表示所属关系the window of classrooma picture of the wall 名词的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用of结构a long story of a 50-year-old manthe struggle of the poor 双重所 有格名词+of+名词所有格This is an article of Lu XunsHe is a frie

17、nd of mine his/hers名词+of+名词性物主代词 特殊 情况一些表距离、时间等无生命的东西的名词所有格ten minutes walk three days holidaytodays newspaperfor: a ticket for the movie a check for 1500to: the key to the door answers to the questions小试牛刀1. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours2. The mother over there

18、is _ mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary3. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks4. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father5. T

19、his is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers六、名词的修饰语1) 修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有these, those, few, a few, many, a good great many, a great good number of等。Few people would agree with this. He has a great many friends here. 【注】a good great many后直接跟名词，不用介词of。但是，若其后所接名词有the, these,

20、 my等限定词修饰，则要用介词of：a great many of my friends2) 修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of等。I have little time to do it. He didnt give me much money. A great deal of money is spent on research. 【注】在现代英语中，a great amount of后有时也接可数名词，但有许多语法学家反对，学生最好避免使

21、用。3) 修饰可/不可数名词的常用修饰语有all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of等 You neednt hurry. Theres lots of time. There are lots of men out of work. We need a quantity of baskets. He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk.【重难点例题启发与方法总结】1. - I have great_ in finishing the work by

22、 myself. Could you help me ? -No problem. A. fun. B. success. C. advice . D. difficulty.【答案】D.【解析】考查名词的含义用法和固定短语的用法。fun 是 “ 开心，快乐”，success.是 “ 成功” ， advice 是 “ 建议 ”， difficulty 是“ 困难”，根据句意“我靠我自己来完成这项工作有很大的困难，你能帮助我吗？没问题。”，have difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事遇到了困难” ，所以选 D 。2. Im so hungry. Please give

23、me_to eat. A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads【答案】B【解析】考查不可数名词数量的表示。句意为：我非常饿，请给我三片面包吃。Bread 为不可数名词，不能用数词直接来修饰，同时不可数名词没有复数形式，故选B。3. What can I do for you? Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_. A. some chickens B. any chickens C. some chicken【答案】C【解析】考查名词的用法。chick

24、en当鸡肉讲为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故答案为C。4. There are two _ and one _ on the table. A. apple; banana B. apples; banana C. apples; bananas【解析】选B。考查名词的数。数词two后应该跟可数名词的复数形式, apple的复数形式为apples，而banana则用单数，即不变。故选C。5. _ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.A. Jack and Mikes B. Jacks an

25、d Mikes C. Jack and Mike D. Jacks and Mike【答案】B【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：杰克和迈克的爸爸不能去开班会，因为他们已经去做生意的了。名词所有格如果表示两个人共同的父亲时只在最后一人名上用所有格形式，如果表示各自的父亲，那么每一个人名都要用所有格形式。根据fathers用了复数，所以，此处指杰克和麦克各自的父亲，故选B。6. Look at the man over there. He is _ uncle.A. Jims and Tims B. Jims and Tim C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tims【答案】D

26、【解析】考查名词所有格。句意为：瞧那边那个人。他是_是叔叔/舅舅/大伯。A表示吉姆和提姆各自的叔叔，后面要用复数名词；B不存在这种表达法；C人名不可直接作定语；D表示吉姆和提姆的叔叔，是两人共同的叔叔，后用单数名词。故选D。7. How far is your cousins home from here? Its about two_ ride. A. hours B. hours C. hours D. Hour【答案】C【解析】考查名词的用法。根据题意：大约两个小时的车程。复数名词的所有格, two hours ride，所以选择答案C。8. Just search the intern

27、et, you can get almost all the _ you need. A. informations B. information C. picture D. story【答案】B【解析】考查名词。 句意：上网搜一下，你就能得到你需要几乎所有的信息。information，信息，不可数名词。故选B。9. I saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen【答案】

28、C【解析】考查名词复数形式。句意：前天我看到一些德国人和英国人在街上跳舞。复数形式：德国人：Germans; 英国人：Englishmen，所以选择答案C。10. Could you please give some _ to the _ teachers? A. advice; man B. advices; menC. suggestion; man D. suggestions; men【解析】选D。考查名词的数及语法功能。advice作“建议”讲是不可数名词，suggestion作“建议”讲是可数名词，故可排除B、C项；man作定语时，其形式与所修饰的名词数的形式保持一致，故选D。 【

29、演练场】一、写出下列词的复数1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _ 4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _ 7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_ 10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _ 13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、单项选择( ) 1.We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news( ) 2.Look at the flowers! They are in diffe

30、rent _: red, yellow, pink A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names( ) 3.Id like _ grapes and pears. Oh, I only need _ orange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few( )4. What would you like to drink? _, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread ( ) 5.-You look very youn

31、g, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? -Oh, sorry. Its a(n) _ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business( ) 6.We should not eat _ meat. A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( ) 7.I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D.

32、a little( ) 8.This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters( ) 9. When autumn comes, _ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down. A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves ( ) 10.-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What

33、 about you? -OK. Lets go and buy some A. orange B. bread C. chocolate( ) 11.Hurry up. There is _ time left. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few( )12.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _. A.work B. news C.job D. ideas ( ) 13. You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map

34、 B.picture C.ticket D.information( ) 14. The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service( ) 15. Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! - How nice!. A. look B. noise C. voice( )16.June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A. Childs B.

35、Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens( ) 17.-Would you like some _? -No,thank you.Im not hungry at all. A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread( ) 18. -Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? -Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. has ( )19.Why are you still waiting in line? -Ive missed my _ . A. pl

36、ace B. order C. turn D. time( )20.It was very hard for me to make a_but J decided to leave my job. A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech1. In the streets there are_ of different colours and sizes.A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis2. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the

37、medical college.A. woman doctors B. womens doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctors3. Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises.A. girl students B. girls students C. girls students D. girls students4. The waitress brought us_.A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. gla

38、ss of juice5. The news reporter has collected_ about the private schools in the city.A. lots of informations B. a lot of information C. much of information D. many informations6. This is_ to students of English. A. a useful advice B. useful advice C. one of useful advices D. a piece of useful advice

39、7. It was freezing cold outside, so we made_ in the office. A. fire B. the fire C. a fire D. some fire8. We need plenty of _ and fresh _.A. the sun, airs B. suns, airs C. suns, air D. sun, air9. They were happy with their_ in their studies.A. great progresses B. great progress C. many progresses D.

40、lot of progress10. Finally Billy got _ as a waiter in a cafA. a job B. a piece of job C. a work D. a piece of works11. Sorry, my husband is not in. Would you leave a message? All right. Please give me _.A. a few papers B. some pieces of papers C. some paper D. a paper12. Bob dropped_ of milk on the

41、ground and cut his finger on some broken_.A. a glass, glass B. a glass, glasses C. the glass, glasses D. glass, glass13. He took down _ while he was listening to radio English. A. several news B. a number of news C. a few pieces of news D. some of news14. Lets sit down on _ and rest for a while. A.

42、the grass B. the grasses C. grass D. grasses15. The ship Titanic went down into the sea and thousands of _were lost.A. lifes B. lives C. life D. the lives16. Many thanks indeed. Its_. A. pleasure B. a pleasure C. the pleasure D. great pleasure17. Its about _ to the zoo. A. two hours ride B. two hour

43、s ride C. two-hours ride D. two-hour-ride18. Wei Wei showed me .A. some stamps of him B. the stamps of his C. some his stamps D. some stamps of his19. He left his motorcycle outside _ and went in.A. the doctor B. a doctor C. doctors D. the doctors20. Do you know whose this umbrella is? It may be_.A. Susan B. the Susan C. the Susans D. Susans11