2022年考研-考研英语二考试名师押题密卷3（带答案）

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1、住在富人区的她2022年考研-考研英语二考试名师押题密卷（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共30题)1.To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number

2、of approaches to mastering the art of deep workbe it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time an

3、d stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting

4、”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two

5、groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: t

6、he detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,

7、or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body idleness is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medica

8、l School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people dont realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need

9、to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _.A. keeptoyourfocustimeB. listyourimmediatetasksC. makespecificdailyplansD. seizeeveryminutetowork正确答案：A,2.根据下面资料，回答1-20题In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating

10、 withor even looking ata stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones,even without a 1 on a subway.Its a sad realityour desire to avoid interacting with other human beingsbecause theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing

11、by you. But you wouldnt know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 :Please dont approach me. What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection,or that our innocent social adva

12、nces will be 6 as weird. We fear well be 7 .We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. Phones become our security blanket, Wortma

13、nn says. They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 . But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuter

14、s to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on t

15、heir own, The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, not a single person reported having been embarrassed. 18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes abso

16、lute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.第（19）题选_.A. unlessB. sinceC. ifD. whereas正确答案：B,3.You may wonder why anyone would want to weigh a building! Well, engineers1a tunnel or underpass need to make it strong2to sup

17、port the weight of the ground and any buildings3Building a tunnel under a new building is4problem. The quantity surveyors will know how heavy the building is5it is different when old buildings are6Plans may have been lost, or perhaps they never existed. So surveyors7have to spend weeks or months mea

18、suring and8Even then, results might not be accurate.When engineers in Moscow wanted to build a railway tunnel under the9, marble and granite Hotel Moskva, built in the 1930s, they decided to10cosmic rays from space to discover how much weight had to be supported by the tunnel. Cosmic rays from outer

19、 space pour over us at a11rate from all directions. Some are12and penetrate right through the earth, just13X-rays pass through our bodies. Weaker ones are stopped by soil and building, so14me as- uring how many cosmic rays penetrate through the soil and buildings above the15tunnel, the weight the tu

20、nnel will have to support can be calculated16the Russian engineers dug a tiny pilot tunnel under the hotel and placed cosmic ray17in it. By measuring how many rays had passed through the hotel and the hotel ground above the pilot tunnel, they18out that the Moskva weighs 45,000 tons. This19a ground p

21、ressure of 1.1kilograms20square centimeter, so the railway tunnel will have to be strong enough to take this pressure._A. employB. useC. applyD. adopt正确答案：B,4.Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stayaware of any significant weight fluctuations. (1)_ when done too often,this habit can s

22、ometimes hurt more than it (2)_.As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focusfrom being generally healthy and physically active to focusing (3)_ on thescale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in theform of muscle mass, but thinking only of (4)_ the numb

23、er on the scale, Ialtered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to(5)_ my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did notprovide an accurate (6)_ of the hard work and progress I was making in thegym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant chan

24、ges inyour weight (7)_ altering your training program. The most (8)_changeswill be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these (9)_, I stopped weighing myself everyday and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule (10)_. Since weight lossis not my goal, it is less important for me to

25、 (11)_ my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and (12)_ any significantweight changes. That tells me whether I need to (13)_ my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in (14)_ to getinformation about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains thesame, but I

26、m constantly (15)_ and dropping weight, this is a (16)_that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The (17)_ to stop weighing myself every day hasdone wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. Im experiencingincreased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a(18)_

27、 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achievingmy specific fitness goals, (19)_ Im training according to those goals, notthe numbers on a scale.Rather than (20)_ over the scale, turn your focusto how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. A. becauseB

28、. unlessC. untilD. if正确答案：A,5.Obviously with a total of 2,000 universities and colleges there must be great differences in quality and reputation among them. Many have achievements substantial enough for them to be well known all over the world, but among these there are a few which are outstanding

29、in their reputation, both nationally and internationally. These include a few private institutions in various parts, and several of the greatest state universities, but none surpass the group of old private north-eastern universities commonly known as the Ivy League. Their old social-elite reputatio

30、ns are by now overshadowed by the reputation of their graduate schools as intellectual-elite centers. Their fees are high, but most graduate students have scholarships of some kind.The best known of all is Harvard, which is situated in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the urban area of Boston. Yale (fou

31、nded in 1701) is in New Haven, between Boston and New York. There is much in common between Harvard and Yale, and together occupy a position in American university life rather like Oxford and Cambridge in England. A remarkable number of the men who hold prominent positions in public life and the big

32、 corporations were educated at one of these two. There is a certain prejudice against the kind of privilege which is associated in the public mind with these institutions, and that is not surprising in view of the American ideal of equality. For undergraduate studies, Harvard and Yale are probably s

33、omewhat more privileged, in the old (social) sense of the world, than Oxford and Cambridge in England, but they are closely followed in the preeminence by several other institutions such as Princeton (founded in 1746), now surrounded by New Jersey suburbs, and Columbia (founded in 1754) with its ugl

34、y buildings, which is close to the New York Negro quarter of Harlem. There are also many smaller institutions, mainly in the north-east, which have reputations equal to those of the Ivy League schools, but refuse to increase their numbers, believing that their small size is one of the characteristic

35、s which gives them their special quality. Some of these are liberal arts colleges, without graduates schools or courses of practical application. Most of the northeastern institutions of this kind were originally founded for men or women only, and continued as single-sex institutions into the 1960s,

36、 at least at undergraduate level. Here the 1970s have brought a major revolution, with this kind of segregation gradually eliminated. Old traditions have yielded to the pressure of new social trends.The word “segregation” in the second paragraph means_.A. separationB. definitionC. reputationD. indic

37、ation正确答案：A,6.根据下面资料，回答41-45题The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump.We dont make anything anymore, he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decad

38、es, and furthertrade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade

39、 competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff comp

40、etition for workersand upward pressure on wages. Theyre harder to find and they have job offers, says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, They may be coming into the workforce, but theyve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,

41、 Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are r

42、etiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils hes trying to assemble a

43、nd the arrival of two visitors. Its his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. I love working with tools. I love creating, he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have

44、 to clear another major hurdle: parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession, says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of

45、 The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns arent misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing

46、at the mid-skill levels.The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill, says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. Therere enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you dont need to have much skill. Its that gap

47、 in between, and thats where the problem is. Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. Overtime is not attractive to this generation.

48、They really want to live their lives, she says.41. Jay Dunwell42. Jason Stenquist43. Birgit Klohs44. Rob Spohr45. Julie ParksAsays that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.Bpoints out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that dont need much skill.Cpoint

49、s out that the US doesnt manufacture anything anymore.Dbelieves that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.Esays that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.Fpoints out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.G

50、says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young peoples parents.第（44）题选_.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G正确答案：B,7.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncer

51、tainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisco

52、nsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when c

53、licked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .

54、Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curi

55、osity is often considered a good instinctit can 12 new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encoura

56、ged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about longterm 20 is key to reducin

57、g the possible negative effects of curiosity, Hsee says. In other words,dont read online comments.第（3）题选_.A. riseB. lastC. hurtD. mislead正确答案：C,8.Rumor is the most 1way of spreading storiesby passing them on from mouth 2mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better 3of news than rumor.

58、They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and 4, 5, rumor 6and becomes widespread. At such 7the different kinds of news are in 8, the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine. Especially 9rumors spread when war requires censorship on many important matters. The customa

59、ry news sources no longer 10enough information. Since the people cannot learn 11legitimate channels all 12they are anxious to learn, they pick up “news” 13they can and when this 14, rumor thrives.Rumors are often repeated 15by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. Th

60、e reason is 16the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victimsthe fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams that they hesitate to 17directly. Pessimistic rumors about defeats and disasters show that the people who repeat them are 18and anxious. 19rum

61、ors about record production or peace soon coming point to complacency or confidenceand often to20._A. throughB. byC. inD. across正确答案：A,9.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particu

62、larly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling. 3 , theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 .Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.Youre only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a li