2022年考研-考研英语二历年考试真题汇编60

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1、住在富人区的她2022年考研-考研英语二历年考试真题汇编（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共10题)1.根据下面资料，回答41-45题Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people,much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need

2、coworkers. You work with them every day, and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41._If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you wont be helping either one o

3、f you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were upfront about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details

4、about yourself or studiously stash them, you shouldjust be honest.42._Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether its a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but yo

5、u need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you dont value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._Its common to h

6、ave a cubicle mate or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you dont always see. Find out about their lives and interes

7、ts beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44._Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you dont have to be someones boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on

8、a particular project. This will help engender good will in others.But dont overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45._This one may be a bit more difficult t

9、o pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results.Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward

10、. Jokes that work on one person wont necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that youre dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.AGive compliments, just not too many.BPut on a good face, always.CTailor your interaction

11、s.DSpend time with everyone.EReveal, dont hide, information.FSlow down and listen.GPut yourselves in others shoes.第（43）题选A. Give compliments, just not too many.B. Put on a good face, always.C. Tailor your interactions.D. Spend time with everyone.E. Reveal, dont hide, information.F. Slow down and lis

12、ten.G. Put yourselves in others shoes.正确答案：D,2.根据下面资料，回答31-35题American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multiyear decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an ove

13、rhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesnt change, American businesses, communities, and consumer

14、s will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Todays farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migr

15、ating and more likely to be married than single. Theyre also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as its bee

16、n all along: Native U.S. workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer, either-not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms,

17、 where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before theyre automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016,

18、the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they arent given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey

19、found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.Petitioning each year for laborersand hoping the government provides enough, and that they arr

20、ive on timeis no way to run a business. In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. Without reliable access to a re

21、liable workforce, more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. From 1998 to 2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was

22、 imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_.A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop w

23、orkersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers正确答案：D,3.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1to how they can best 2such changes. Growing bodies need movement an

24、d 3, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.4they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6by others. H

25、owever, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,8, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of sma

26、ll clubs can provide 10opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13visible in the background.In these activities, it is impo

27、rtant to remember that the young teens have 14attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17. This does not mean that adults must accept i

28、rresponsibility. 18, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19for roles that are within their 20and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules._A. groupB. individualC. personnelD. corporation 正确答案：A,4.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physic

29、al changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1to how they can best 2such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.4they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,

30、teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7to plan activities in which there are more winners than l

31、osers,8, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, a

32、nd many shy students need the 12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15participants can remain active as long as they

33、want and then go on to 16else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19for roles that are within their 20and their attention spans and by having cle

34、arly stated rules._A. capabilitiesB. responsibilitiesC. proficiencyD. efficiency 正确答案：A,5.Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no diffe

35、rent, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutuall

36、y exclusive 3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5, people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6, todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have

37、 been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9poorly-educated, middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10th

38、e agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13of work, a society designed with other ends in

39、 mind could 14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, b

40、ecause leisure time is relatively 16for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel 18,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel rather different”

41、perhaps different enough to throw himself 19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20matters._A. characterizedB. dividedC. balancedD. measured正确答案：A,6.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,w

42、hen done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,

43、but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month t

44、o notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is l

45、ess important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains

46、 the same, but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden

47、 of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 Im training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.第（7）题选A.

48、 regardless ofB. aside fromC. along withD. due to正确答案：D,7.Text 3American farmers have beencomplaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikelyto stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a morestraightforward vis

49、a for agricultural workers that would let foreign workersstay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesntchange, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumentedimmigrants. As fewer such workers enter th

50、e country, the characteristics of theagricultural workforce are changing. Todays farm laborers, while stillpredominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather thanmigrating and more likely to be married than single. Theyre also aging. At thestart of this century, about one-third of cr

51、op workers were over the age of 35.Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. Oneoften-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as its beenall along: Native U.S. workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechanization isnt the answer, eithernot yet, atleast. Pr

52、oduction of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largelymechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries,need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have along way to go before theyre automated.As a result, farms have grown increasi

53、ngly reliant ontemporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce.Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2Bvisa for nonagricultural work, whic

54、h is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so,employers complain they arent given all the workers they need. The process iscumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucraticdelays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. Theshortage is compounded by federal immi

55、gration raids, which remove some workersand drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growersand almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short oflabor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of

56、 the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Littlemore than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can importthe workers who pick it.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S.AgricultureinDecline?B. ImportFoodorLabor?

57、C. AmericaSavedbyMexico?D. Manpowervs.Automation?正确答案：B,8.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people i

58、nvest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D( research and development). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taki

59、ng that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested.So they compared U. S. cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which

60、 they were 8 . But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to investlike size, industry,and salesand for indicators tha

61、t a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to less confined decision ma

62、king processand the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places wi

63、th happiness inequality.17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average, said one