英语语法网络图

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1、-语法网络图一名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, *, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, bo*-bo*es, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thi

2、ef-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, po

3、tato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，

4、现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数一样sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5局部集体名词既可以作单数整体也可以作复数成员class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, p

5、ublic, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“*国人加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体

6、名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一局部变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两局部变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her so

7、n-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys

8、 father表示*人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示

9、度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7*些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the strug

10、gle of the oppressed二冠词冠词分为不定冠词a, an，定冠词the，和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及*人*物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“一样相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与*名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you whe

11、n you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠词的用法：1表示*一类人或物The horse

12、 is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人或“夫妇the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two chil

13、dren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the munist Party of China, the French9用于表示创造物的单数名词前The pass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的*个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing

14、University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this,my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincolnwas made President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名

15、词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.三代词：I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, i

16、ts, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few

17、/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII. 不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否认句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或

18、者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示*个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约，any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?2. e

19、ach和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替

20、可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another: 1) other泛指“另外的，别的常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：He held a

21、book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the e*am. 2) another指“又一个，另一个无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football

22、, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否认词表示局部否认，全部否认用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English. Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四形容

23、词和副词I. 形容词：1. 形容词的位置：1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在以下情况后置：1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridg

24、e 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondne*tonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkston

25、e3) 复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII. 副词副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequentl

26、y, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, e*citedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII. 形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和

27、最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you wi

28、ll make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, e*cellent, e*treme, perfect。五介词I. 介词分类：1简单介词

29、about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5分词转

30、化成的介词considering(就而论), including6形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, ne*t, oppositeII. 常用介词区别：1表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关2表示时间的since, fromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的*一点开场3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示*一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在*围，on指与什么毗邻，to指在*环境围之外5表示“在上的on, i

31、non只表示在*物的外表上，in表示占去*物一局部6表示“穿过的through, acrossthrough表示从部通过，与in有关，across表示在外表上通过，与on有关7表示“关于的about, onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与e*cept的区别besides指“除了还有再加上，e*cept指“除了，减去什么，不放在句首10表示“用的in, withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或

32、身份，like为“象一样，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置静态，into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置六动词I. 动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask进展am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/wou

33、ld have asked完成进展have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have been asking2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已经看过，且了解这本书的容)2)

34、 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过，“了等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.只说明在住过十年，与现在无关3. 现在完成时与现在完成进展时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开场一直持续到现在，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进展，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进展时。一般不能用于进展时的动词也不能用于现在完成进展时。I have rea

35、d that book.我读过那本书了。I have been reading that bookall the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。4. 一般将来时的表达方式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten ne*t year.2be going to+动词原形含有“打算，方案，即将做*事，或表示很有可能要发生*事Its going to clear up.Were going to have a party tonight.3be + doing 进展时表示将来go, e, start, move,

36、 leave, arrive等词可用进展时表示按方案即将发生的动作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 4be about to + 动词原形表示安排或方案中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to + 动词原形表示按方案进展或征求对方意见Were to meet at the school gate at noon.6一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情

37、，可用一般现在时表示将来The meeting starts at five oclock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II. 动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进展时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9将来完成时will/would have bee

38、n asked5现在进展时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否认式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定构造begoing to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by th

39、e little girl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动构造表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.

40、The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong t

41、o, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等七情态动词I. 情态动词根本用法：情态动词用法否认式疑问式与简答can能力体力，智力，技能允许或许可口语中常用可能性表猜测，用于否认句或疑问句中can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以问句中表示请求可能，或许表推测祝愿用于倒装句中may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.mig

42、htmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该表主观要求肯定，想必肯定句中表推测must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to.have to只好，不得不客观的必须，有时态人称变化dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to应当表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall将要，会用于一三人

43、称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该表义务责任本该含有责备意味should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢常用于否认句和疑问句中dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare. No,darent.need需要必须常用于否认句和疑

44、问句中need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.used to过去常常现在已不再used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt.Diduse to do?Yes,did. No,didnt.II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进展；must + be doing 推测可能正在进展的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的

45、事情。1. must“肯定，一定语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否认句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否认、疑问句中。The weather

46、in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.推测*事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否认句中)III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“*事终于成功，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠

47、使用。2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：两者作情态动词时常用于否认句和疑问句。其形式为：neednt/darent do；Need/daredo?做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否认句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do八非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否认式复合构

48、造不定式to doto be doing to have doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesbs doing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动

49、词hope, want, offer, long, fail, e*pect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, e*cuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercant help, feel like, succ

50、eed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两者都可以意义根本一样begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue接不定式多指具体的动作，接动

51、名词多指一般或习惯行为need, want, require接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，假设接不定式则应用被动形式意义相反stop to do 停顿手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停顿正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do指动作尚未发生remember/forget/regret doing指动作已经发生go on to do接着做另外一件事go on doing接着做同一件事try to do设法，努力去做，尽力try doing试试去做，看有何结果mean to do打算做，企图做mean doing 意识是，意味着cant help to

52、do不能帮助做 cant help doing忍不住要做III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, e*pect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进展，尚未完成I foun

53、d her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进展式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表

54、示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。My dream is to bee a teacher.To

55、 obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多说明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人之意，

56、说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到之意，主语多是人。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)九定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与

57、先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The

58、boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by a

59、ll of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有