00794 综合英语一

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1、上册Lesson One The Time MessageElwood N. Chapman Learning Guide 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may

2、 feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You dont have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried. What is the answer？ Control！ 2Time is dangerous. If you dont control it, it will control you. If yo

3、u dont make it work for you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem. 3Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste, the easier it i

4、s to go on wasting time. If you seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. Message 1. Control time from the beginning.4Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term. Message 2. Get the notebook habit.5Go and bu

5、y a notebook today. Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the plan for the following week. Message 3. Be realistic.6Often you know from experience how long it takes you to wri

6、te a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise your entire plan may be upset. Message 4. Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.7How much study time you plan for each classroom hou

7、r depends on four things: (1) your ability, (2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour. In many cases, two or three hours will be req

8、uired. Message 5. Keep your plan flexible.8It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary. For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing. A good plan must be a little flexible so that specia

9、l projects can be done well. Message 6. Study for some time each class day.9Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also

10、 keep you up to date on your class assignments. Message 7. Free on Saturday - study on Sunday.10It is good to stop all study activities for one full day. Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities. Sunday, on the other hand, seems to be the best study day for many students. It is

11、a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments. Lesson Two Hans Christian Andersens Own Fairy Tale (I)Donald and Louise Peattie Learning Guide 也许你不是出生于名门望族或书香门第，也许你生来并不聪慧，但只要你刻苦努力、坚持不懈、发挥自己的专长，在适合你的领域一定会成功。闻名遐尔的丹麦作家安徒生的故事这只从鸭圈里飞出来的天鹅本身的经历可能会对你有所启发。 1Once upon a time there was a poor bo

12、y who lived in Denmark. His father, a shoemaker, had died, and his mother had married again. 2One day the boy went to ask a favor of the Prince of Denmark. When the Prince asked him what he wanted, the boy said, “I want to write plays in poetry and to act at the Royal Theater.” The Prince looked at

13、the boy, at his big hands and feet, at his big nose and large serious eyes, and gave a sensible answer. “It is one thing to act in plays, another to write them. I tell you this for your own good; learn a useful trade like shoemaking.” 3So the boy, who was not sensible at all, went home. There he too

14、k what little money he had, said good-bye to his mother and his stepfather and started out to seek his fortune. He was sure that some day the name Hans Christian Andersen would be known all over Denmark. 4To believe such a story one would have to believe in fairy tales! Hans Christian knew many such

15、 tales. He had heard some of them from his father, who had worked hard at his trade, but liked to read better than to make shoes. In the evenings, he had read aloud from The Arabian Nights. His wife understood very little of the book, but the boy, pretending to sleep, understood every word. 5By day,

16、 Hans Christian went to a house where old women worked as weavers. There he listened to the tales that the women told as they worked at their weaving. In those days, there were almost as many tales in Denmark as there were people to tell them. 6Among the tales told in the town of Odense, where Ander

17、sen was born in 1805, was one about a fairy who brought death to those who danced with her. To this tale, Hans Christian later added a story from his own life. 7Once, when his father was still alive, a young lady ordered a pair of red shoes. When she refused to pay for them, unhappiness filled the p

18、oor shoemakers house. From that small tragedy and the story of the dancing fairy, the shoemakers son years later wrote the story that millions of people now know as The Red Shoes. The genius of Andersen is that he put so much of everyday life into the wonder of his fairy tales. 8When Hans Christians

19、 mother was a little girl, she was sent out on the streets to beg. She did not want to beg, so she sat out of sight under one of the city bridges. She warmed her cold feet in her hands, for she had no shoes. She was afraid to go home. Years later, her son, in his pity for her and his anger at the wo

20、rld, wrote the angry story Shes No Good and the famous tale The Little Match Girl. 9Through his genius, he changed every early experience, even his fathers death, into a fairy tale. One cold day the boy had stood looking at the white patterns formed on the window by the frost. His father showed him

21、a white, woman-like figure among the frost patterns. “That is the Snow Queen,” said the shoemaker. “Soon she will be coming for me.” A few months later he was dead. And years later, Andersen turned that sad experience into a fairy tale, The Snow Queen. 10After the Prince told him to learn a trade, H

22、ans Christian went to Copenhagen. He was just fourteen years old at the time. 11When he arrived in the city, he went to see as many important people as he could find dancers, writers and theater people of Copenhagen. But none of them lent a helping hand to the boy with the big hands, the big feet an

23、d the big nose. Finally, he had just seven pennies left. 12The boy had a beautiful high, clear voice. One day a music teacher heard him singing and decided to help him. He collected money from his friends and gave it to the boy so that he could buy food and clothing while he studied singing. 13Hans

24、Christian was happier than he had ever been in his life. But soon his boys voice broke. The beautiful high voice was gone forever. 14The boy soon found new friends who admired his genius. There was even a princess who gave him a little money from time to time for food and clothes. But Hans Christian

25、 bought little food and no clothes. Instead, he bought books and went to the theater. Lesson Three Hans Christian Andersens Own Fairy Tale ()Donald and Louise Peattie Learning Guide 这只鸭圈里飞出的天鹅所讲的故事老少皆宜，虽然故事使用的是孩子们能听懂的语言、孩子们喜闻乐见的情节，但却又包含生活真谛、寓意深长。功成名就的“丑小鸭” 一如既往，保持着他那平常、善良的心态，对权贵不卑不亢，对以往没有善待他的人不计前嫌。他

26、把爱献给上帝，献给人类。 1In Copenhagen, Hans Christian lived in an attic in an old house, where he had a good view of the city. But there was one big fact that he could not see right under his own nose. The plays and poetry that he wrote were not very good. 2Hans Christian made friends with a few kind people.

27、Among them was Jonas Collin of the Royal Theater. This kind man collected funds from friends to send the young writer to school. Hans felt most at ease with children. He ate his dinner in turn at the homes of six friends. In each home the children begged him for stories. 3Hans told a tale so vividly

28、 that you could see and hear toy soldiers marching and toy horses galloping. And he could make the most wonderful papercuts. These are kept today in the Andersen Museum, which is in the house where he was born in Odense. 4Andersen remained single all his life. The good Collin family three generation

29、s of them became all the family he was ever to have. They all loved him, but they advised him not to write any more poetry and plays, and to try to get a government job. They talked as he later made the animals talk in his stories: I tell you this for your own good, said the Hen to the Ugly Duckling

30、, “you should learn to lay eggs like me.” In The Ugly Duckling Hans Christian told the story of his own life. 5When his first book of fairy tales was published in 1835, Andersen didnt think it would be successful, but children read the stories and wanted more. So, encouraged by their interest, he be

31、gan what we know today as his great work. For 37 years, a new book of Andersens fairy tales came out each Christmas. The books were full of everyday truth, of wonder, of sad beauty, of humor. Children and their parents had never read such tales before. 6Andersens tales are a poets way of telling us

32、the truth about ourselves. He looked deeply into the heart of things. Even in a childs toy lost in the street, he could see some story with the light of gold in it. All of us laugh at the humor of The Emperors New Clothes, but we remember the story every time men pretend to be something that they ar

33、e not. 7Although he was now famous, he was more kind-hearted than ever. One day on the street he met a man who had once treated him badly. The old and unhappy man said that he was sorry for what he had done. Andersen forgave the man and comforted him. The Prince who had told Andersen to learn a usef

34、ul trade was now the King. He invited the writer to his palace and told him that he might ask for any favor. Andersen replied simply, But I dont need anything at all. 8He was already loved all over the world. The awkward figure and kind ugly face had become so famous that his friends, the children,

35、recognized him wherever he was. His books were translated into many different languages and read all over the world. He was received at the royal courts of Europe and admired by many kings. 9The greatest writers of the day, from Dickens to Victor Hugo, looked upon him as one of themselves. Among the

36、m, he at last learned happily that it doesnt matter if you are born in a duck-yard, as long as you come from a swans egg. 10Happiest of all was the day he returned to the duck-yard, nearly 50 years after he had left it. All Odense took part in the great celebration for the shoemakers son who was now

37、 the prince of fairy tales. A great dinner was held in his honor. That night, hundreds of people came to his window and called to him.What was then in his full heart that gentle heart that had been lonely for so longwas best expressed in his own words: To God and man, my thanks, my love. Lesson Four

38、 This LifeSidney Poitier Learning Guide 看过猜一猜谁来吃晚饭或在炎热的夏夜里的人一定会对美国著名黑人演员悉尼?波蒂埃的演技赞叹不已。可是你是否知道他在试图进入演艺圈时，曾被导演轰下舞台，因为他连台词都不会念不认识的字太多。他又是怎样迈开第一步的呢？且听他娓娓道来。 1It is the first time I have ever been on a stageI dont even know what a stage looks likebut Im up there now and I open this script, but I dont kno

39、w what it is. The director tells me to read the part of “John.” Everywhere I see John I must read everything under that. 2Then I see him sitting in a front seat staring at me with the strangest look. He says, Get off that stage. I say, What do you mean? He says, Just come on down off that stage and

40、stop wasting my time. Youre no actor. You dont even know how to read. 3I leave and walk off down 135th Street saying to myself, You can hardly read. You cant be an actor and you re not able to read. I begin to think about what he s said to me. Now I know I cant read too well. Here I am, eighteen yea

41、rs of age, and if I live to be eighty, for the next sixty-two years Im going to be a dishwasher. Im not going to be able to make people notice me. 4During the next six months, I spent as much time as possible reading. One of the restaurants I worked in during that period was in Astoria, Long Island.

42、 The work was hard and heavy, but we would have most of the dishes cleared away by 11:00 or 11: 15 p.m. It was my custom to sit out near the kitchen door and read the newspaper. 5At the waiters table there was an old Jewish man who used to watch me trying to read that paper. I asked him one night wh

43、at a word meant, and he told me. I thanked him and went back to my paper. He went on watching me for a few seconds and then said, “Do you run across a lot of words you dont understand?” I said, A lot because Im just beginning to learn to read well,and he said,Ill sit with you here and work with you

44、for a while. 6So at about eleven every night when he sat down for his meal, I would come out of the kitchen and sit down next to him and read articles from the front page of the paper. When I ran into a word I didnt know (and I didnt know half of the article, because any word longer than a couple of

45、 syllables gave me trouble) be explained the meaning of the word and gave me the pronunciation. Then he d send me back to the sentence so I could understand the word in context. 7Then I would take the paper away with me, armed now with the meaning of those words, and reread and reread the article so

46、 that the meaning of those words would get locked into my memory. Every evening we did that. 8I stayed there at that job for about five or six weeks and I learned from him a way to study, and then I went off to other jobs. I have never been able to thank him properly because I never knew then what a

47、n enormous contribution he was making to my life. He was wonderful, and a little bit of him is in everything I do. 9After that, I always looked for the meaning of words, and when I ran into words I couldnt pronounce and didnt understand, I would work on them until I began to understand. I would keep

48、 going over and over the sentence they were in, and after a while I would begin to get an idea of what the word meant just by repeating the sentence. That became a habit, as did all the other things he left me with. Lesson Five Night WatchRoy Popkin Learning Guide 市场经济的潮水极大地冲击着人与人之间的关系。人们似乎认为亲情薄如蝉翼，

49、陌生人之间还能有什么爱心与关怀。可是一位海军陆战队队员的行为恰好说明关心他人之人大有人在。请看他是怎样做的。 1The story began on a downtown Brooklyn street corner. An elderly man had collapsed while crossing the street, and an ambulance rushed him to Kings County Hospital. There, when he came to now and again, the man repeatedly called for his son. 2Fr

50、om a worn letter found in his pocket, an emergency-room nurse learned that his son was a Marine stationed in North Carolina. It seemed there were no other relatives. 3Someone at the hospital called the Red Cross office in Brooklyn, and a request for the boy to rush to Brooklyn was sent to the Red Cr

51、oss director of the North Carolina Marine Corps camp. Because time was short the patient was dying the Red Cross man and officer set out in a jeep. They found the young man wading through some marshes in a military exercise. He was rushed to the airport in time to catch the one plane that might enab

52、le him to reach his dying father. 4It was mid-evening when the young Marine walked into the entrance lobby of Kings County Hospital. A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside. 5“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before the patients

53、eyes opened. The medicine he had been given because of the pain from his heart attack made his eyes weak and he only dimly saw the young man in Marine Corps uniform standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his strong fingers around the old mans limp ones, squeezi

54、ng a message of love and encouragement. The nurse brought a chair, so the Marine could sit by the bed. 6Nights are long in hospitals, but all through the night the young Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old mans hand and offering words of hope and strength. Occasionally, the nurse

55、 suggested that the Marine rest for a while. He refused. 7Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was there, but he paid no attention to her and the night noises of the hospital the clanking of an oxygen tank, the laughter of night-staff members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans an

56、d snores of other patients. Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held tightly to his son through most of the night 8It was nearly dawn when the patient diedThe Marine placed on the bed the lifeless hand he had been holding，and went to tell the nurseWhil

57、e she did what she had to do，he smoked a cigarettehis first since he got to the hospital. 9Finally，she returned to the nurses station，where he was waitingShe started to offer words of sympathy，but the Marine interrupted her“Who was that man?”he asked10He was your father，she answered，startled11No，he

58、wasnt，the Marine repliedI never saw him before in my life12Why didnt you say something when I took you to him? the nurse asked 13 I knew immediately thered been a mistake，but I also knew he needed his son，and his son just wasnt hereWhen I realized he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son

59、， I guessed he really needed meSo I stayed 14With that，the Marine turned and left the hospital. Two days later a message came in from the North Carolina Marine Corps base informing the Brooklyn Red Cross that the real son was on his way to Brooklyn for his fathers funeral It turned out there had bee

60、n two Marines with the same name and similar numbers in the campSomeone in the personnel office had pulled out the wrong record 15But the wrong Marine had become the right son at the right timeAnd he proved， in a very human way， that there are people who care what happens to their fellow men Lesson

61、Six How Dictionaries Are MadeS. I. Hayakawa Learning Guide 从我们上小学起，词典就成了我们学习中不可缺少的朋友。可是，词典是怎样编写出来的?是先由学者、专家们给每个词写出定义，然后搜集例句加以说明吗?词典是人人应当尊重的权威吗?什么样的词典是好词典?在这篇课文里一位著名语义学家回答了上述问题，他的见解对于语言学习有一定的指导意义。 1It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meanings mainly from t

62、eachers and grammars, and that dictionaries and grammar books are the highest authority in matters of meaning and usage. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say. I once got into an argument with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and

63、 offered to look it up in the dictionary. The English woman said firmly, “What for? I am English. I was born and brought up in England. The way I speak is English.” Such confidence about ones own language is not uncommon among the English. In the United States, however, anyone who is willing to quar

64、rel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind. 2Let us see how dictionaries are made and how the editors arrive at definitions(arrive at). What follows applies only to those dictionary offices where firsthand research goes on not those in which editors simply copy existing dictionaries. The

65、 task of writing a dictionary begins with reading huge amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover. As the editors read, they copy on cards every unusual use of a common word, a large number of common words in their ordinary uses, and also the sentences in which each of these