焊工资格考核管理办法

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1、 EUROPEAN STANDARD欧洲标准EN 287-1March 20042004年3月+ A2March 20062006年3月ICS 25.160.10Supersedes EN 287-1:1992代替EN 287-1:1992Incorporating corrigendum August 2004包括2004年8月勘误表English version英语版Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels焊工资格考核氧炔焊第1部分：钢This European Standard was approved

2、 by CEN on 2 January 2004.本欧洲标准由CEN于2004年1月2日批准。CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concern

3、ing such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.CEN成员有义务遵守CEN/CENELEC部规章，该规章规定了本欧洲标准不作任何变更用作国家标准的条件。若要获得有关这些国家标准的最新列表和参考文献，可向中央秘书处或任何CEN成员提出申请。This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a

4、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.该欧洲标准有三种正式版本（英语、法语，德语）。由CEN成员负责的将本标准翻译至其自己语言并通报中央秘书处的任何其它版本，具有与正式版本同样的效力。CEN members are the national standards bo

5、dies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.CEN成员是奥地利、比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克国

6、、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国的国家标准组织。EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION欧洲标准委员会Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels管理中心：rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means

7、 reservedworldwide for CEN national Members. 2004 CEN CEN国家成员保留在全球以任何形式、通过任何途径进行利用的所有权利Contents page目录 页Foreword6前言6Introduction8介绍81 Scope91 围92 Normative references92 参考标准93 Terms and definitions103 术语和定义103.1 welder103.1 焊工103.2 examiner113.2 主考人113.3 examining body113.3 主考组织113.4 backing113.4 衬垫

8、113.5 root run113.5 根部焊道113.6 filling run113.6 填充焊道113.7 capping run113.7 顶部焊道113.8 weld metal thickness113.8 焊接金属厚度114 Symbols and abbreviated terms124. 符号和缩写术语124.1 General124.1 概要124.2 Reference numbers of welding processes124.2 焊接工艺的参考编号124.3 Abbreviations134.3 简称135 Essential variables and rang

9、e of qualification165 基本变量和资格围165.1 General165.1 概述165.2 Welding processes165.2 焊接工艺165.3 Product type185.3 产品类型185.4 Type of weld185.4 焊接类型185.5 Material groups195.5 材料类别195.6 Welding consumables205.6 焊接消耗品205.7 Dimensions215.7 尺寸215.8 Welding positions235.8 焊接位置235.9 Weld details255.9 焊接细节256 Exam

10、ination and testing266 考试和测试266.1 Supervision266.1 监考266.2 Shapes, dimensions and numbers of test pieces266.2 测试件的形状尺寸和数量266.3 Welding conditions306.3 焊接条件306.4 Test methods316.4 测试方法316.5 Test piece and test specimen326.5 测试件和测试样本326.6 Test record406.6 测试记录407 Acceptance requirements for test piece

11、s407 测试件的验收要求408 Re-tests418 重新测试419 Period of validity419 有效期419.1 Initial qualification419.1 资格开始419.2 Confirmation of the validity419.2 有效性的确定419.3 Prolongation of qualification419.3 资格的延期4210 Certificate4210 证书4211 Designation4311 名称43Annex A(informative) Welders qualification test certificate45

12、附录A (资料)焊工资格考核证书45Annex B(informative) Designation examples47附录B（资料）名称举例47Annex C(informative) Job knowledge54附录C（资料）工作知识54Annex D(informative) Variables to be confirmed and traceable for prolongation59附录D（资料）需确认的变量以与可追踪延期59ANNEX ZA(informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Es

13、sential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC60附录ZA（资料）本欧洲标准和欧盟指令97/23/EC要求之间的关系60Bibliography61参考书目61EN 287-1:2004 (E)Foreword前言This document (EN 287-1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 121, Welding, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.本文件(EN 287-1:2004)由CEN /TC 121“焊接”技术委员

14、会制定，其秘书处由DIN执行。This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2004.最迟于2004年9月通过出版同文或通过背书，将本欧洲标准将作为

15、国家标准使用，相抵触的国家标准，最迟于2004年9月撤销。 This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).本文件按欧洲委员会和欧洲自由贸易协会对CEN的要求，并按欧盟指令的重点要求进行制定。For relationship with EU Directive(s), see i

16、nformative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.与欧盟指令之间的关系，见附录ZA中的信息，该附录是本文件的组成部分。This document supersedes EN 287-1:1992.本文件取代EN 287-1:1992.EN 287 consists of the following parts, under the general title Qualification test of welders Fusion welding:EN 287的总名称为焊工资格考核氧炔焊，包括如下部分： Part 1

17、: Steels第1部分：钢 Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys第2部分：铝和铝合金Annexes A, B, C and D are informative.附录A,B,C和D是资料。This document includes a Bibliography.本文件包括一份参考文献列表。According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implem

18、ent this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.按

19、CEN/CENELEC部规，以下国家的国家标准组织有义务执行本欧洲标准：奥地利，比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国。Foreword to amendment A2修订A2的前言This European Standard (EN 287-1:2004/A2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of

20、 which is held by DIN.本欧洲标准(EN 287-1:2004/A2:2006)由技术委员会CEN/TC 121“焊接”制定，其秘书处由DIN执行。This Amendment to the European Standard EN 287-1:2004 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting n

21、ational standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.最迟于2006年9月通过出版同文或通过背书，将本欧洲标准EN 287-1:2004的修订版，作为国家标准使用，相抵触的国家标准，最迟于2006年9月撤销。 This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports es

22、sential requirements of EU Directive(s).本欧洲标准按欧洲委员会和欧洲自由贸易协会对CEN的要求，并按欧盟指令的重点要求进行制定。For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard.与欧盟指令之间的关系，见附录ZA中的信息，该附录是本文件的组成部分。According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national s

23、tandards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal

24、, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.按CEN/CENELEC部规，以下国家的国家标准组织有义务执行本欧洲标准：奥地利，比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国。EN 287-1:2004 (E)Introduction介绍The ability of a welder to follow verbal or writte

25、n instructions and verification of a persons skills are important factors in ensuring the quality of the welded product.焊工按口头或书面指示进行操作的能力，以与焊工技能的验证，是确保焊接产品质量的重要因素。The testing of a welders skill in accordance with this standard depends on welding techniques and conditions used in which uniform rules

26、are complied with, and standard test pieces are used.按本标准对焊工进行的测试，取决于按统一规则所使用的焊接技术和条件，以与所使用的标准测试件。The principle of this standard is that a qualification test qualifies the welder not only for the conditions used in the test, but also for all joints which are considered easier to weld on the presumpt

27、ion that the welder has received a specific training and/or has industrial practice within the range of qualification.本标准的原则是，资格考核能证明焊工不仅胜任在测试中所使用的条件，假定焊工承受到特殊的训练和/或在资格围具有工业实践，还能胜任更容易焊接的所有接缝。The qualification test can be used to qualify a welding procedure and a welder provided that all the relevant

28、 requirements, e.g. test piece dimensions, are satisfied.假如满足了所有相关要求，如，测试件尺寸，资格考核可用于考核焊程序与焊工。Qualifications in accordance with EN 287-1 existing at the date of publication of this standard should, at the end of their period of validity, be interpreted in accordance with the requirements of this stan

29、dard.按EN 287-1考核的书，在本标准出版之日仍存在的，应在其有效期期满之后，按本标准的要求进行说明。EN 287-1:2004 (E)1 Scope1 围This European Standard defines the qualification test of welders for the fusion welding of steels.本欧洲标准规定了钢氧炔焊焊工的资格考核。It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables

30、such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner/examining body.它为焊工的系统资格考核提供了一组技术规，并使这种资格一致适用于产品类型、位置和主考人/主考组织。When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welders ability to manually manipulate the electrode/ welding torch/ welding

31、blowpipe and thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.在考核焊工时，重点应考核焊工动手操作电焊条/焊枪/气焊吹管，由此制造出质量合格的焊缝的能力。The welding processes referred to in this European Standard include those fusion welding processes which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized

32、 and automated welding processes (see EN 1418).本欧洲标准中所提与的焊接工艺，包括指定为手动或部分机械焊接的氧炔焊。2 Normative references2 参考标准This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publ

33、ications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including a

34、mendments).本欧洲标准中结合了其它出版物的标有日期或未标日期的参考标准、条款。文中适当地方引用了这些参考标准，并于下文列出出版物。对于标有日期的参考标准，任何这些出版物的其后的修订或修改，只有通过修订或修改后，在本欧洲标准中结合，才适用于本标准。对于未标明日期的参考标准，适用最新版本的出版物（包括修订版）。EN 910, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Bend tests.EN 910，金属材料焊接的破坏性试验弯曲试验EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion weld

35、s Visual examination.EN 970，氧炔焊的非破坏性检查目测检查EN 1320, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Fracture test.EN 1320，金属材料焊接的破坏性试验破裂试验EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds Radiographic examination of welded joints.EN 1435，焊接的非破坏性试验焊接点的射线照相检查EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomen

36、clature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:1998).EN ISO 4063，焊接和联接工艺工艺和参考编号命名(ISO 4063:1998)。EN ISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003).EN ISO 5817，焊接钢、镍、钛和其合金氧炔焊点（不包括电子束焊）-缺

37、陷的质量标准(ISO 5817:2003)。EN ISO 6947, Welds Working positions Definitions of angles of slope and rotation (ISO 6947:1993).EN ISO 6947，焊接工作位置倾斜角度和旋转的定义(ISO 6947:1993)。EN ISO 15607:2003, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials General rules (ISO 15607:2003).EN ISO 156

38、07:2003，金属材料焊接方法的规和规定一般规则(ISO 15607:2003)。CR ISO 15608, Welding Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2000).CR ISO 15608，焊接金属材料分类系统指南(ISO/TR 15608:2000)。prEN ISO 15609-1:2000, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure specifi

39、cation Part 1: Arc welding (ISO/DIS 15609-1:2000).prEN ISO 15609-1:2000，金属材料焊接方法的规和认可焊接方法规第1部分：电弧焊(ISO/DIS 15609-1:2000)。EN ISO 15609-2:2001, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure specification Part 2: Gas welding (ISO 15609-2:2001).EN ISO 156

40、09-2:2001，金属材料焊接方法规和规定焊接方法规第2部分：气焊(ISO 15609-2:2001)。ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: Metal welding processes.ISO 857-1，焊接和联接工艺词汇第1部分：金属焊接工艺3 Terms and definitions3 术语和定义For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 15607:2003 and the

41、 following apply.本欧洲标准适用EN ISO 15607:2003中提出的以与如下的术语和定义。3.1welder3.1 焊工person who holds and manipulates the electrode holder, welding torch or blowpipe by hand用手持住并操作电焊枪、焊枪或喷焊器的人3.2examiner3.2 主考人person who has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard被指定检查是否符适宜用标准的人NOTE In ce

42、rtain cases, an external independent examiner can be required.注意 在某些情况下，可能需要外部的独立主考人3.3examining body3.3 主考组织organization that has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard被指定检查是否符适宜用标准的组织NOTE In certain cases, an external independent examining body can be required.注意 在某些情况下，可

43、能需要外部的独立主考组织3.4backing3.4 衬垫material placed at the reverse side of a joint preparation for the purpose of supporting molten weld metal放置于接缝背面承接熔化的焊接金属的物质3.5root run3.5 根部焊道in multi layer welding, the run(s) of the first layer deposited in the root在多层焊接中，位于根部的第一层焊道3.6filling run3.6 填充焊道in multi layer

44、 welding, the run(s) deposited after the root run(s) and before the capping run(s)在多层焊接中，位于根部焊道之后和顶部焊道之前的焊道3.7capping run3.7 顶部焊道in multi layer welding, the run(s) visible on the weld face(s) after completion of welding在多层焊接中，焊接完成后，在焊接面可见的焊道3.8weld metal thickness3.8 焊接金属厚度thickness of the weld meta

45、l excluding any reinforcement除任何钢筋之外的焊接金属厚度4 Symbols and abbreviated terms4. 符号和缩写术语4.1 General4.1 概要Where the full wording is not used, the following abbreviations and reference numbers shall be used when completing the welders qualification test certificate (see annex A).填写焊工资格考核证书（见附录A）时，如果未使用全称时

46、，应使用如下缩写和参考编号。4.2 Reference numbers of welding processes4.2 焊接工艺的参考编号This standard covers the following manual or partly mechanized welding processes (reference numbers of welding processes for symbolic representation are listed in EN ISO 4063):该标准涉与如下手动或部分机械焊接工艺（焊接工艺符号表示的参考编号于EN ISO 4063列出）：111 man

47、ual metal arc welding;111 手动金属电弧焊114 self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;114 自保护管芯电弧焊121 submerged arc welding with one wire electrode;121 一根电焊丝的潜弧焊125 submerged arc welding with tubular cored electrode;125 管芯电焊条的潜弧焊131 metal inert gas welding (MIG welding);131惰性气体保护金属电弧焊（MIG焊接）135 metal active

48、gas welding (MAG welding);135 活性气体保护金属电弧焊（MAG焊接）136 tubular cored metal arc welding with active gas shield;136 流行性气体保护管芯金属电弧焊141 tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG welding);141 钨极气体保护电弧焊（TIG焊接）；15 plasma arc welding;15 等离子电弧焊；311 oxy-acetylene welding.311 氧-乙炔焊。NOTE The principles of this standard

49、can be applied to other fusion welding processes.注意 本标准的原则可适用于其它氧炔焊工艺。4.3 Abbreviations4.3 简称4.3.1 For test pieces4.3.1 测试件a design throat thicknessa 设计焊缝厚度BW butt weldBW 对接焊缝D outside pipe diameterD 外部管道直径FW fillet weld FW 角焊l1 length of test piecel1 测试件的长度l2 half width of test piecel2 测试件的半宽lf exa

50、mination lengthlf 考试长度P plateP 平板ReH yield strengthReH 屈服强度s1 weld metal thickness for welding process 1s1 焊接工艺1焊接金属的厚度s2 weld metal thickness for welding process 2s2 焊接工艺2焊接金属的厚度t material thickness of test piece (plate or wall thickness)t 测试件的材料厚度（平板板或壁厚度）t1 material thickness of test piece for we

51、lding process 1t1 焊接工艺1测试件的材料厚度t2 material thickness of test piece for welding process 2t2焊接工艺2测试件的材料厚度T pipe 1)T 管子1）z leg length of fillet weldz 填角焊的焊角长度4.3.2 For consumables4.3.2 消耗品nm no filler metalnm 无焊料A acid coveringA 酸覆盖B basic covering or electrode core basicB 基本覆盖或电焊芯基本C cellulosic coveri

52、ngC 纤维质覆盖M electrode core - metal powderM 电焊芯金属粉P electrode core - rutile, fast freezing slagP 电焊芯金红石，快冻矿渣R rutile covering or electrode core rutile, slow freezing slagR 金红石覆盖或电焊芯金红石，慢冻矿渣RA rutile-acid coveringRA 金红石酸覆盖RB rutile-basic coveringRB 金红石基本覆盖RC rutile-cellulosic coveringRC金红石纤维质覆盖RR rutil

53、e-thick coveringRR 金红石-厚覆盖S solid wire/rodS 实心丝/棒V electrode core - rutile or basic / fluorideV 电焊芯金红石或基本/氟化物W electrode core - basic / fluoride, slow freezing slagW 电焊芯-基本/氟化物，慢冻矿渣Y electrode core - basic / fluoride, fast freezing slagY 电焊芯-基本/氟化物，快冻矿渣Z electrode core - other typesZ 电焊芯-其它类型4.3.3 F

54、or other weld details4.3.3 其它焊接bs welding from both sidesbs 从两侧焊接lw leftward weldinglw 左侧焊接mb welding with backingmb 带衬垫焊接ml multi layerml 多层nb welding without backingnb 不带衬垫焊接rw rightward weldingrw 右侧焊接sl single layersl 单层ss single-side weldingss 单侧焊接4.3.4 For bend tests4.3.4 弯曲试验A minimum tensile

55、elongation required by the material specificationA 材料规格所需的最低抗伸展率d diameter of the former or the inner rollerd 之前或部滚轴直径1) The word pipe alone or in combination, is used to mean pipe, tube or hollow section.1) “管子”以单独或组合形式出现，是指“管子”、“管道”或“空心部分”。ts thickness of the bend test speciments 弯曲试验样本的厚度5 Essent

56、ial variables and range of qualification5 基本变量和资格围5.1 General5.1 概述The qualification of welders is based on essential variables. For each essential variable a range of qualification is defined. All test pieces shall be welded using the essential variables independently, except for 5.7 and 5.8. If th

57、e welder has to weld outside the range of qualification a new qualification test is required. The essential variables are:焊工的资格以基本变量为基础。各基本变量中，确定了一系列资格。所有测试件应使用基本变量单独进行焊接，除了5.7和5.8之外。如果焊工需焊接围以外的容，需进行新的资格测试。基本变量为： welding process,product type (plate and pipe), type of weld (butt and fillet), material

58、 group,-焊接工艺，- 产品类型（平板和管子），- 焊接类型（对焊和角焊），- 材料归类， welding consumable,- 焊接消耗品， dimension (material thickness and outside pipe diameter),-尺寸（材料厚度和外部管子直径），welding position,- 焊接位置，weld detail (backing, single side welding, both side welding, single layer, multi layer, leftward welding, rightward welding)

59、.-焊接细节（衬垫，单面焊接，双而焊接，单层，多层，左侧焊接，右侧焊接）。5.2 Welding processes5.2 焊接工艺Welding processes are defined in ISO 857-1 and listed in 4.2.ISO 857-1中规定了焊接工艺，并于4.2中列出。Each qualification test normally qualifies only one welding process. A change of welding process requires a new qualification test. Exceptions are

60、 the changes of solid wire S (welding process 135) to metal core wire M (welding process 136) or vice versa which do not require a new qualification test (see Table 3). However, it is permitted for a welder to be qualified for two or more welding processes by welding a single test piece (multi proce

61、ss joint) or by two or more separate qualification tests. The ranges of qualification for each welding process used and for the multi process joint for butt welds are given in Table 1 (see also Table 4).各资格测试一般只认证一种焊接工艺。焊接工艺的变化需进行新的资格测试。实心线S（焊接工艺135）到金属芯线M(焊接工艺136)的改变除外，反之亦然，不需要新的资格测试（见表3）。但是，允许焊工通过

62、焊接单个测试件（多个焊接点），或通过两个或以上单独的资格测试，获得两个或以上焊接工艺认证。表1中列出了所使用的各焊接工艺的资格围，以与对焊的多个工艺焊接点（也见表4）。Table 1 Thickness range for single and multi process joints for butt welds表1- 对焊的单个和多个工艺焊接接缝厚度围Welding process used for the test piece测试点所使用的焊接工艺Thickness range厚度围Single process joint单个工艺接缝Multi process joint多个工艺接缝Key图例：1 Welding process 1 (nb)1 焊接工艺1(nb)2 Weldi