Ch08-Testbank

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1、Chemistry, 11e (Brown/Lemay/Bursten/Murphy)Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding8.1 Multiple-Choice and Bimodal Questions1) There are _ paired and _ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a phosphorus atom. A) 4, 2 B) 2, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 4, 3 E) 0, 3 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 2) I

2、n the Lewis symbol for a fluorine atom, there are _ paired and _ unpaired electrons. A) 4, 2 B) 4,1 C) 2, 5 D) 6, 1 E) 0, 5 Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 3) Based on the octet rule, magnesium most likely forms a _ ion. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 4) Based on the octet

3、rule, phosphorus most likely forms a _ ion. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 5) Based on the octet rule, iodine most likely forms an _ ion. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 6) There are _ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for an oxygen atom. A) 0 B) 1 C) 2

4、D) 4 E) 3 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 7) How many unpaired electrons are there in the Lewis structures of a ion? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) This cannot be predicted. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 8) How many unpaired electrons are there in an ion? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) This cannot be pr

5、edicted. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 9) The electron configuration of the phosphide ion () is _. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 10) The halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals have _ valence electrons, respectively. A) 7, 4, and 6 B) 1, 5, and 7 C) 8, 2, and

6、3 D) 7, 1, and 2 E) 2, 7, and 4 Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 11) The only noble gas without eight valence electrons is _. A) Ar B) Ne C) He D) Kr E) All noble gases have eight valence electrons. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 12) Which of the following would have to lose two electrons

7、in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration? O Sr Na Se Br A) O, Se B) Sr C) Na D) Br E) Sr, O, Se Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 13) Which of the following would have to gain two electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?O Sr Na Se Br A) Br B) Sr C) Na D) O,

8、Se E) Sr, O, Se Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 14) For a given arrangement of ions, the lattice energy increases as ionic radius _ and as ionic charge _. A) decreases, increases B) increases, decreases C) increases, increases D) decreases, decreases E) This cannot be predicted. Answer: A Diff:

9、 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 15) The electron configuration of the ion is _. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 16) The principal quantum number of the electrons that are lost when tungsten forms a cation is _. A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3 E) 2 Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 17) Which one of

10、the following species has the electron configuration? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 18) What is the electron configuration for the ion? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 19) What is the electron configuration for the ion? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

11、Ref: Sec. 8.2 20) The formula of palladium(IV) sulfide is _. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 21) Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form _. A) covalent compounds B) ionic compounds C) compounds that are gaseous at room temperature D) homonuclear diatomic c

12、ompounds E) covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 22) Determining lattice energy from Born-Haber cycle data requires the use of _. A) the octet rule B) Coulombs law C) Periodic law D) Hesss law E) Avogadros number Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec

13、. 8.2 23) How many single covalent bonds must a silicon atom form to have a complete octet in its valence shell? A) 3 B) 4 C) 1 D) 2 E) 0 Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 24) A _ covalent bond between the same two atoms is the longest. A) single B) double C) triple D) They are all the same lengt

14、h. E) strong Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 25) How many hydrogen atoms must bond to silicon to give it an octet of valence electrons? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 26) A double bond consists of _ pairs of electrons shared between two atoms. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

15、E) 6 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 27) What is the maximum number of double bonds that a hydrogen atom can form? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 28) What is the maximum number of double bonds that a carbon atom can form? A) 4 B) 1 C) 0 D) 2 E) 3 Answer: D Diff: 1

16、 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 29) In the molecule below, which atom has the largest partial negative charge _? A) Cl B) F C) Br D) I E) C Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 30) The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons is best quantified by the _. A) paramagnetism B) diamagnetism C) electron

17、egativity D) electron change-to-mass ratio E) first ionization potential Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 31) Given the electronegativities below, which covalent single bond is most polar?Element: H C N O Electronegativity:2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5 A) C-H B) N-H C) O-H D) O-C E) O-N Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

18、 Ref: Sec. 8.4 32) Electronegativity _ from left to right within a period and _ from top to bottom within a group. A) decreases, increases B) increases, increases C) increases, decreases D) stays the same, increases E) increases, stays the same Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 33) A nonpolar bon

19、d will form between two _ atoms of _ electronegativity. A) different, opposite B) identical, different C) different, different D) similar, different E) identical, equal Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 34) The ion has _ valence electrons. A) 34 B) 35 C) 36 D) 28 E) 8 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref:

20、Sec. 8.5 35) The ion has _ valence electrons. A) 15 B) 14 C) 16 D) 10 E) 12 Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 36) The Lewis structure of shows _ nonbonding electron pair(s) on As. A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) This cannot be determined from the data given. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 37) The Le

21、wis structure of shows that the central phosphorus atom has _ nonbonding and _ bonding electron pairs. A) 2, 2 B) 1, 3 C) 3, 1 D) 1, 2 E) 3, 3 Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 38) The Lewis structure of HCN (H bonded to C) shows that _ has _ nonbonding electron pairs. A) C, 1 B) N, 1 C) H, 1 D)

22、N, 2 E) C, 2 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 39) The formal charge on carbon in the molecule below is _. A) 0 B) +1 C) +2 D) +3 E) -1 Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 40) The formal charge on nitrogen in is _. A) -1 B) 0 C) +1 D) +2 E) -2 Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 41) The formal

23、charge on sulfur in is _, where the Lewis structure of the ion is: A) -2 B) 0 C) +2 D) +4 E) -4 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 42) In the Lewis structure of ClF, the formal charge on Cl is _ and the formal charge on F is _. A) -1, -1 B) 0, 0 C) 0, -1 D) +1, -1 E) -1, +1 Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

24、Ref: Sec. 8.5 43) In the resonance form of ozone shown below, the formal charge on the central oxygen atom is _. A) 0 B) +1 C) -1 D) +2 E) -2 Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 44) How many equivalent resonance forms can be drawn for - (carbon is the central atom)? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 0 Answer:

25、 C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 45) How many equivalent resonance forms can be drawn for without expanding octet on the sulfur atom (sulfur is the central atom)? A) 0 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 1 Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 46) How many equivalent resonance structures can be drawn for the molecule of

26、without having to violate the octet rule on the sulfur atom? A) 5 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4 E) 3 Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 47) How many different types of resonance structures can be drawn for the ion where all atoms satisfy the octet rule? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8

27、.6 48) Using the table of average bond energies below, the for the reaction is _ kJ. Bond: CCC-CH-IC-IC-HD (kJ/mol): 839348299 240413 A) +160 B) -160 C) -217 D) -63 E) +63 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.8 49) Using the table of average bond energies below, the for the reaction is _ kJ. Bond:CCC=

28、CH-IC-IC-HD (kJ/mol):839614299240413 A) +506 B) -931 C) -506 D) -129 E) +129 Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.8 50) Using the table of average bond energies below, the for the reaction is _ kJ. Bond: C-OC=OCOC-HH-HO-HD (kJ/mol): 3587991072413436463 A) +276 B) -276 C) +735 D) -735 E) -116 Answer: E

29、 Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.8 51) Using the table of bond dissociation energies, the for the following gas-phase reaction is _ kJ.A) -44 B) 38 C) 304 D) 2134 E) -38 Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.8 52) Using the table of bond dissociation energies, the for the following gas-phase reaction is _ kJ.

30、 A) 291 B) 2017 C) -57 D) -356 E) -291 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.8 53) Using the table of bond dissociation energies, the for the following reaction is _ kJ. A) -359 B) -223 C) 359 D) 223 E) 208 Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.8 8.2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which ion below has a nobl

31、e gas electron configuration? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 2) Of the ions below, only _ has a noble gas electron configuration. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 3) Which of the following has eight valence electrons? A) B) Kr C) D) E) all of the above Answer:

32、 E Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 4) Which of the following does not have eight valence electrons? A) B) C) Xe D) E) All of the above have eight valence electrons. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 8.1 5) The chloride of which of the following metals should have the greatest lattice energy? A) potassium

33、B) rubidium C) sodium D) lithium E) cesium Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 6) Lattice energy is _. A) the energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid into its constituent ions in the gas phase B) the energy given off when gaseous ions combine to form one mole of an ionic solid C) the energ

34、y required to produce one mole of an ionic compound from its constituent elements in their standard states D) the sum of ionization energies of the components in an ionic solid E) the sum of electron affinities of the components in an ionic solid Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 7) In ionic bond

35、 formation, the lattice energy of ions _ as the magnitude of the ion charges _ and the radii _. A) increases, decrease, increase B) increases, increase, increase C) decreases, increase, increase D) increases, increase, decrease E) increases, decrease, decrease Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 Th

36、e diagram below is the Born-Huber cycle for the formation of crystalline potassium fluoride. 8) Which energy change corresponds to the electron affinity of fluorine? A) 2 B) 5 C) 4 D) 1 E) 6 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 9) Which energy change corresponds to the first ionization energy of pot

37、assium? A) 2 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3 E) 6 Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 10) The electron configuration Kr4d10 represents _. A) Sr+2 B) Sn+2 C) Te+2 D) Ag+1 E) Rb+1 Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 11) Fe+2 ions are represented by _. A) Ar3d1 B) Ar3d4 C) Ar3d6 D) Ar3d104s1 E) Ar3d3 Answer: C Diff:

38、4 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 12) Using the Born-Haber cycle, the of KBr is equal to _. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.2 13) The type of compound that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is _. A) one that is composed of a metal from the far left of the periodic table and a nonmetal f

39、rom the far right of the periodic table B) a solid metal C) one that is composed of only nonmetals D) held together by the electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions E) There is no general rule to predict covalency in bonds. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 14) In which of the molecule

40、s below is the carbon-carbon distance the shortest? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.3 15) Of the atoms below, _ is the most electronegative. A) Br B) O C) Cl D) N E) F Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 16) Of the atoms below, _ is the most electronegative. A) Si B) Cl C) Rb D) C

41、a E) S Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 17) Of the atoms below, _ is the least electronegative. A) Rb B) F C) Si D) Cl E) Ca Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 18) Which of the elements below has the largest electronegativity? A) Si B) Mg C) P D) S E) Na Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 19

42、) Of the molecules below, the bond in _ is the most polar. A) HBr B) HI C) HCl D) HF E) Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 20) Of the bonds below, _ is the least polar. A) Na, S B) P, S C) C, F D) Si, Cl E) Na, Cl Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 21) Which of the following has the bonds correc

43、tly arranged in order of increasing polarity? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 22) Which two bonds are most similar in polarity? A) and B) and C) and D) and E) and Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 23) The bond length in an HI molecule is 1.61 and the measured dipole moment is

44、0.44 D. What is the magnitude (in units of e) of the negative charge on I in HI?(; ;) A) B) 0.057 C) 9.1 D) 1 E) 0.22 Answer: B Diff: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 24) Which of the following names is/are correct for the compound? A) titanium dioxide and titanium (IV) oxide B) titanium (IV) dioxide C) titaniu

45、m oxide D) titanium oxide and titanium (IV) dioxide E) titanium (II) oxide Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 25) Which of the following names is/are correct for the compound? A) tin (II) chloride and tin (IV) chloride B) tin tetrachloride and tin (IV) chloride C) tin (IV) tetrachloride D) tin chl

46、oride E) tin chloride and tin (II) tetrachloride Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.4 26) The Lewis structure of shows _. A) a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond B) a nitrogen-nitrogen single bond C) each nitrogen has one nonbonding electron pair D) each nitrogen has two nonbonding electron pairs E) each

47、 hydrogen has one nonbonding electron pair Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 27) There are _ valence electrons in the Lewis structure of CH3CH2Cl. A) 14 B) 12 C) 18 D) 20 E) 10 Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 28) In the Lewis symbol for a sulfur atom, there are _ paired and _ unpaired electr

48、ons. A) 2, 2 B) 4, 2 C) 2, 4 D) 0, 6 E) 5, 1 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 29) The Lewis structure of the ion is _. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5 30) In the nitrite ion , _. A) both bonds are single bonds B) both bonds are double bonds C) one bond is a double bond and th

49、e other is a single bond D) both bonds are the same E) there are 20 valence electrons Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 31) Resonance structures differ by _. A) number and placement of electrons B) number of electrons only C) placement of atoms only D) number of atoms only E) placement of electro

50、ns only Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 32) The oxidation number of phosphorus in PF3 is _. A) -2 B) +1 C) +3 D) +2 E) -3 Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 33) To convert from one resonance structure to another, _. A) only atoms can be moved B) electrons and atoms can both be moved C) only e

51、lectrons can be moved D) neither electrons nor atoms can be moved E) electrons must be added Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 34) For resonance forms of a molecule or ion, _. A) one always corresponds to the observed structure B) all the resonance structures are observed in various proportions C

52、) the observed structure is an average of the resonance forms D) the same atoms need not be bonded to each other in all resonance forms E) there cannot be more than two resonance structures for a given species Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6 For the questions that follow, consider the BEST Lewi

53、s structures of the following oxyanions:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v) 35) There can be four equivalent best resonance structures of _. A) (ii)B) (iii)C) (i)D) (iv)E) (v)Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.7 36) In which of the ions do all X-O bonds (X indicates the central atom) have the same length? A) no

54、ne B) all C) (i) and (ii) D) (iii) and (v) E) (iii), (iv), and (v) Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.6, 8.7 37) Of the following, _ cannot accommodate more than an octet of electrons. A) P B) As C) O D) S E) I Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 8.7 38) A valid Lewis structure of _ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule. A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 8.7 39) Based on the octet rule, boron will most likely form a _ ion. A) B3- B) B1+ C) B3+ D) B2+ E) B2- Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: