2022年考研-考研英语二历年考试真题汇编59

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1、住在富人区的她2022年考研-考研英语二历年考试真题汇编（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共10题)1.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1on the individual suggest that children engage in cri

2、minal behavior 2they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 5as a rejection of m

3、iddle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 6the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8to criticism.Ch

4、anges in the social structure may indirectly 9juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12lead more youths into criminal beh

5、avior.Families have also 13changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14, children are likely to have less supervision at home 15was common in the traditional family 16. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime

6、 rates. Other 17causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 18of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20a direct causal relationship has

7、not yet been established._A. affectB. reduceC. checkD. reflect正确答案：A,2.Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater ris

8、ks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence1firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of lon

9、ger-term thinking3for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the4and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded

10、 firms in those areas. 7enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers

11、 controlled for various 10that might make firms more likely to investlike size, industry, and salesand for indicators that a place was 11to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12even after accounting for these things. The correlation betwe

12、en happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less 14managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15stronger in places where happines

13、s was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. 17this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18at that possibility. Its

14、not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. _ A. whyB. whereC. howD. when正确答案：C,3.Humor is a mo

15、st effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no”, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without losing his face. For some jobs, it is the only tool that can succee

16、d. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialogue may start a riot. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than are people in any other forum.Humor is often the best way to keep a small misunderstanding from

17、escalating into a big deal. Recently a neighbor of mine had a squabble with his wife as she drove him to the airport. Airborne, he felt miserable, and he knew she did, too. Two hours after she returned home, she received a long-distance phone call. “Person-to-person for Mrs. I.A. Pologize,” intoned

18、the operator. “Thats spelled P as in”. In a twinkling, the whole day changed from grim to lovely at both ends of the wire.An English hostess with a quick wit was giving a formal dinner for eight distinguished guests whom she hoped to enlist in a major charity drive. Austerity was a fashion in Englan

19、d at the time, and she had asked her children to serve the meal. She knew that anything could happenand it did, just as her son, with the studied concentration of a tightrope walker, brought in a large roast turkey: he successfully elbowed the swinging dining-room door, but the back swing bespattere

20、d the bird onto the dining-room floor.The boy stood rooted, guests stared at their plates. Moving only her head the hostess smiled at her son, “No harm, Daniel,” she said, “just pick him up and take him back to the kitchen”she enunciated clearly so he would think about what she was saying“and bring

21、in the other one”.A wink and a one-liner instantly changed the dinner from a red-faced embarrassment to a conspiracy of fun.What caused the roast turkey to drop onto the door?A. Thebackwardmovementofthedoor.B. Thesonshastybehavior.C. Someonehappenedtobeatthedoor.D. Thebirdraisedbythefamily.正确答案：A,4.

22、根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active

23、 to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did n

24、ot provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stoppe

25、d weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training

26、program.I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my ov

27、erall health, fitness and well-being. Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 Im training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather tha

28、n 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.第（12）题选A. approve ofB. hold ontoC. account forD. depend on正确答案：C,5.根据下面资料，回答36-40题Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a

29、new 21 st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly

30、 agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers mo

31、st by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey fou

32、nd.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to ho

33、using patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the p

34、rospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those just getting started in life face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Sc

35、hneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said. I cant afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent ro

36、oms out to people to make that happen. Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees, Schneider sai

37、d, I dont think people are capable of that anymore. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to_.A. favor a slower life paceB. hold an occupation longerC. attach importance to pre-marital financeD. give priority to childcare outside the home正确答案：C,6.根据下面资料，回答21-25题It is curious that

38、 Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When

39、 did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffi

40、tied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education have that stereotype., that

41、its for kids who cant make it academically, he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is

42、the new principle. We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for alland the subtle devaluing of anything lessmisses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now,54 percen

43、t of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined

44、 America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When e

45、ducation becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization正确答案：B,7.Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other t

46、hings that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series

47、of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students willingness to 4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a pre

48、vious experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked m

49、ore pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8. Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives fo

50、r 11or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such 13can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible

51、to 15, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19it is

52、worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, dont read online comments._A. UnlessB. IfC. WhenD. Though正确答案：C,8.The Bush Administration appears determined to continue the war on drugs that has been actively p

53、ursued by all U.S. governments since the Nixon Administration.Defenders of the war on drugs often throw in an economic 1. It has been successful because it curtails use by 2street prices. It does rise because 3have to be compensated 4the risk of imprisonment and other 5. It may be true that high pri

54、ces have reduced the 6for drugs, but the fact remains that most illegal drugs 7popular and available, regardless of price. More important, any 8in the number of addicts and other users has come with an enormous price tag. The U.S. alone spends almost $ 40 billion annually 9the drug war, and other co

55、untries also spend big sums.The war is fought by seizing and 10drugs and by apprehending and imprisoning suppliers. A 11fact is that the U.S. imprisons a larger fraction of its population for drug-related offenses than European nations 12for all crimes.The high prices 13the war have provided huge pr

56、ofits for cartels and others who evade detection and punishment. 14place the world market value of illegal drugs at several hundred billions of dollars- 15the same league as the markets for cigarettes and alcohol.Although legalization would make drugs cheaper and more 16available, sales to minors co

57、uld be discouraged by harsh punishments and by restricting legal sales to 17shops.So far, no cite has 18a better alternative than legalization of drugs combined with a high “sin” tax on users, safeguards 19sales to children, and 20punishments to anyone who drives or works while impaired by drugs._A.

58、 doB. haveC. enjoyD. imprison 正确答案：A,9.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Anger may feel uncomfortable, but it can be healthy. A lot of people think they have to 1 their anger, says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist in Calgary, Alberta. But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be a

59、ddressed. When we take 2 of that signal and actually 3 the problem instead of ignoring it, were usually much better for it. 4 , were raised to keep emotions hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have long-term effects on our health. People who 5 their emotions may die sooner tha

60、n those who are better at expressing emotions. When were angry, stress hormones are released, which can make us prone to 6 a wide range of diseases.Is it better, then, to scream and holler 7 something makes you mad? Thats the rationale behind the rage rooms that have popped up in many American citie

61、s, where folks are 8 to release their anger 9 violently smashing stuff in a safe environment.The theory is that you get the anger out of your system 10 aggressive actions, says Keelan. But the research indicates that when we 11 our anger aggressively, it can actually increase the 12 of the angerand

62、increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future. It doesnt take much 13 to predict how a furious rage can 14 your relationships with your spouse, your kids, or your coworkers.If you shouldnt bottle up your angry feelings but aggressive behavior isnt healthy 15 , how should you handle thi

63、ngs that tick you off?Start by looking 16 the superficial trigger to your fury. Anger is often caused by 17 feelings of fear, anxiety, disappointment, and guilt. Maybe youre furious that your spouse is late, but its really because you were afraid he or she had 18 a car accident in the bad weather. 19 , pay closer