2022年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)历年考试真题汇编72

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1、住在富人区的她2022年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)历年考试真题汇编（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共10题)1. Health Insurance (保险) Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs. These can be extremely high if a person gets very _(5t) or has an accident. So people buy a health insurance plan to make sure these costs will be _ (5

2、2). Most American colleges and universities have_ (53) health centers. There may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious_ (54).Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school. But health insurance is usually needed for extra services. (55) most full-time colle

3、ge students must have insurance.Students may already be protected under their familys health plan. If not, many colleges offer_(56) own plans.The University of Michigan will be our example. Students pay a health service fee. Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor (57) problems

4、 at the University Health Center. But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay_(58) other services. The insurance plan (59) by the university costs about one thousand seven hundred dollars a year. Such health insurance (60) generally pay for hospital services, emergency room care an

5、d visits to doctors. They _ (61) do not pay for care of the teeth. And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that existed_(62) the student arrived at school. International students at the University of Michigan have two_(63). They can buy the university health plan, or they can

6、 (64) private insurance that is approved by the university. The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan. This pays for most of the services offered_ ( 65) the University Health Center that are not included in the health service fee. A. dollarsB. centersC. plansD. schools正确答

7、案：C,2. Clinical Trials 1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use. Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective, easier to use, and/or decrease side effects. Someti

8、mes, studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population, such as children, in whom the treatment was not previously tested. 2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help. It is also important to conduct research in a variety

9、of people because different people may respond differently to treatments. Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options. Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge. 3 The FDA (食品及药物管理局

10、）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants，some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent (内在的）

11、in medical research studies involving new medical treatments. 4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them. They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective (预期的）participants should u

12、nderstand what happens during the trial, the type of health care they will receive, and any costs to them. Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Learn as much as you can about a clinical trial_ A. for some patientsB. bef

13、ore participationC. in humansD. medical knowledgeE. during the trialF. candidates for clinical trials正确答案：B,3. Organic Food ： Why? 1 Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world，expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for som

14、e people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneselfes natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses. 2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made，fertiliser

15、s and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (轮种）improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals.As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land； there are severe limits to how much food can be produc

16、ed. Also, the environ-menial benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dicixide (排放)by transporting food. 3 organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into orgmte farming worldwide continue to reject this claim.

17、An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional props. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effec

18、t on health. 4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons，including freshness，the way the food is cooked， the type of soil it is grown

19、in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (_便）or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up. 5 The notion that organic food is saf

20、er than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素）_ As one research expert says ： “ People think that the more natural something is，the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true：

21、 the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops. ” Paragraph 1 _ A. Research into whether organic food is better

22、B. Description of organic farmingC. Factors that affect food health valueD. Necessity to remove hidden dangers from foodE. Main reason for the popularity of organic foodF. Testing the taste of organic food正确答案：E,4. Trying to Find a Partner One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK

23、 is that of the people interviewed，one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with. Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships? Does modem life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it har

24、der for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesnt expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children. But per

25、haps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their Independence. In theory，finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soulmate （心上人）was constrained by geograph

26、y，social convention and family tradition. Although it was never explicit， many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriershas been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster （牡蛎），you surely have a

27、better chance of finding a pearl. But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice. The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree: good looks，impressive salary，kind to grandmother and right socks. There is no room for

28、error in the first impression. We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isnt，it is disposable. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and dont put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a stong relationship .Of course，this is complicated by realities. The cost of housin

29、g and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partership.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage?A. Good looks.B. An impressive career.C. A high salary.D. A fine sense of humor.正确答案：D,5. Pandemic (大面积流行的）H1N1 2009 The most

30、 active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal （集中的）increases in rates during recent weeks were_ (51) in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory（呼吸的）disease activity with concurrent （同时存在的）circuation of pandemic in

31、fuenza still_ (52) in parts of southern and eastern Europe，_ (53) inGreece，Poland, and Ukraine. In Western Europe，influenza transmission remains _ (54 ) and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, _ (55)，very small numbers

32、of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia.In_ (56)，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries _ (57) the Mediterranean coast. In Central Asia，limited data _ (58)

33、 that influenza virus circulation remains active，but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia，Israel, Iran，and Iraq also appear to have passed their (59) period of transmissionwithin the past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of r

34、espiratory disease activity have not yet_ (60) to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be(61)overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity _(62) one month ago. In North Am

35、erica，influenza transmission _ (63) widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease _ (64) has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts，

36、(65) for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.A. briefB. lateC. longD. peak正确答案：D,6.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommendedC. consideredD. acknowledged正确答案：A,7.The rules are too rigid to allow for human error

37、.A. generalB. inflexibleC. complexD. direct正确答案：B,8.Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. argueB. competeC. claimD. wish正确答案：B,9. 0ld and Active It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A _ (51) report also shows that Japan h

38、as the longest health expectancy in the world. A healthy long life is the result of the_(52) in social environment. Scientists are trying to work _(53 ) exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be_(54) from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we

39、 (55) any changes to our eating habits，for instance，or gojogging (慢跑）each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet_ (56) is particularly beneficial _ (57) the human body? Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a_ (58) in birth rate. Al

40、though longer_(59) should be celebrated，it is actually considered a social problem. The _(60) of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs. The country could soon be_ ( 61) an economic problem，if there are so many old people to be looked _ (62

41、)，and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them. _(63) the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a(64) of responsibility and mission in life. Its important that the elderly play active(65)in the society and live in h

42、armony with all generations.58A signB mysteryC doclinoD wonder正确答案：C,10. Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as mans best friend can even find bladde

43、r (膀胱）cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors (气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine (尿）The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where,

44、for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole (癒）was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England. They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from blad

45、der cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Each dog was tested eight times. In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell. The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it. Two cocker spanie丨s (短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）we

46、re correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent. As a group , the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone. Th

47、e British Medical Journal published the research. In all, thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part. During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person，s

48、 right kidney (肾）? Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Which is NOT true of bladder cancer? A. It is the 9 th most common cancer worldwide.B. It can be identified only by dogs.C. It kills more than 100, 000 people each year.D. It is mainly caused by smoking.正确答案：B,