2022年考研-考研英语二考试全真模拟测试7

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1、住在富人区的她2022年考研-考研英语二考试全真模拟测试（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共15题)1.Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the

2、need to know is strong that people will 2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students willingness to 4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effor

3、t to satisfy curiosity. For one 5, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only

4、that some were electrified. 7left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8. Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboa

5、rd and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such 13

6、can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17to see such an image. The

7、se results suggest that imagining the 18of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, dont read online comments._A. concealB. ov

8、erlookC. designD. predict正确答案：D,2.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being gener

9、ally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also foun

10、d that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and

11、inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me

12、 whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself ev

13、ery day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 Im training according to those goals, not

14、 the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.第（3）题选A. solelyB. occasionallyC. formallyD. initially正确答案：A,3.Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diff

15、usion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1. As was discussed before, it was not 2the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4of the periodical. It was during the same time that

16、 the communications revolution 5up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized

17、, 9, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11its impact on the media was not immediately12. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal”

18、 too, as well as 13, with display becoming sharper and storage 14increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15generations, with the distance between generations much 16.It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17within which we no

19、w live. The communications revolution has 18both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20“harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved diffi

20、cult._A. unlessB. sinceC. lestD. although正确答案：D,4.根据下面资料，回答31-35题Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean

21、 air zone, a first step toward its possible demise. Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a eentrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the citys decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But wit

22、h legal battles ahead, the zones future looks uncertain at best.Madrids back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by- city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses, the measures

23、cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. Thats because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual driverswho must pay fees or buy better vehiclesrather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating

24、is the real cause of our toxic pollution. Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next years mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he inten

25、ds, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents health in the face of a serious thr

26、eat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefitsfewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far big

27、ger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governmentsBritains and others across Europehave failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areascity centres, school streets,even individual roadsare a response to the absence of a larger effort to prop

28、erly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. Were doing everything but insist that manufacturersclean up their cars.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures

29、to tackle dirty air?A. They are biased against car manufacturers.B. They prove impractical for city councils.C. They are deemed too mild for politicians.D. They put too much burden on individual motorists.正确答案：D,5.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that w

30、ill obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of expe

31、riments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous

32、 experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked mor

33、e pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives fo

34、r 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12 new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possi

35、ble to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine

36、19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about longterm 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity, Hsee says. In other words,dont read online comments.第（18）题选_.A. reliefB. outcomeC. planD. duty正确答案：B,6.Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and m

37、ark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence1firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according

38、to a recent research paper. 2, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking3for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the4and inclination for risk-taking that come with happine

39、ss would 5the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 7enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But is it rea

40、lly happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10that might make firms more likely to investlike size, industry, and salesand for indicators that a place was 11to live in,

41、like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13to “less codified decision making process” and the possibl

42、e presence of “younger and less 14managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. 17

43、this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people

44、 would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. _ A. thusB. insteadC. alsoD. never正确答案：C,7.根据下面资料，回答36-40题Were fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute in

45、teraction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed thin slicing, the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructors overall effectiveness. Their ratings corre

46、lated strongly with students end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically

47、, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures of utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay

48、 of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows were better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slic

49、es when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. Its as if youre driving a stick shift, says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, and if you start thinking about it too much, you cant remember what youre doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, youre fine. Much of our social li

50、fe is like that. Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts opinions when the students werent asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objecti

51、vely better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complexwhen they had a lot of information to process.Intuitions special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a bat

52、tery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (gut feelings, hunches, my heart )

53、. Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected,and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_.A. memory can be selectiveB. reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. decep

54、tion is difficult to detect正确答案：B,8.Since World War II, considerable advances have been made in the area of health-care services. These include better 1to health care (particularly for the poor and minorities), improvements in physical plants, and increased numbers of physicians and other health 2Al

55、l have played a part in the recent improvement in life 3. But there is mounting criticism of the large 4gaps in access, unrestrained cost inflation, the further fragmentation of service, excessive indulgence in 5high-technology “gadgeteering,” and a 6in doctor-patient relationships. In recent years

56、proposed panaceas and new programs, small and large, have proliferated at a feverish 7and disappointments 8at almost the same rate. This has led to an increased 9“everything has been tried and nothing works”which sometimes 10on cynicism or even nihilism.This pessimism, in part, 11from, expecting too

57、 much 12health care. It must be realized that care is, for most people, a 13experience, often 14by fear and unwelcome results. Although there is vast room for improvement, health care will always 15some unpleasantness and frustration. 16, the 17of medical science are limited. Humpty-Dumpty cannot al

58、ways be 18together again. Too many physicians are reluctant to admit their limitations to patients; too many patients and families are unwilling to accept such realities. Nor is it true that everything has been tried and nothing works.The fact is, except for most 19and dedicated, there were no incen

59、tives to seek change or to practice self-restraint or frugality. In this 20, it is not fair to condemn as all attempted experiments; it may be more accurate to say many never had a fair trial._A. dominatingB. remainingC. existingD. prevailing 正确答案：B,9.Most London colleges have a library, with a full

60、-time librarian who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consulting or borrowing books. 1the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students 2colleges, evening classes or working 3. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and the various Lond

61、on Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to 4their studies by using the comprehensive library 5available in the metropolitan area. These libraries have over five million books in 6, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of inter- availability of 7tickets whi

62、ch extends 8the metropolitan area. Reference departments are provided for the use of those who wish to 9books and periodicals on library 10, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias which cannot be taken out 11.Public library stocks are of a general nature, 12all subjects, many of them to higher

63、degree standard or 13. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area 14in a group of inter-related subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined 15are made generally available 16, through the inter-lending system of the British Library（Lending division），it is usu