2022职称英语等级考试模拟题a3

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1、职称英语级别考试模拟题（理工类A级）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。1. The government is debating the education laws.A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying D. declining2. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.A. goods B. soil C. climate D. har

2、vest3. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.A. get rid of B. set up C. repair D. paint4. During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.A. permanent B. powerful C. striking D. practical5. Since the Great Depression，the Un

3、ited States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmful6. Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages.A. crudely B. rarely C. originally D. occasionally7. There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.A. a stea

4、dy B. a plentiful C. an extra D. a stable8. The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzling B. difficult C. terrifying D. urgent9. He made an immense amount of money in business.A. large B. small C. limited D. little10. T he substance can be added to

5、 gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.A. quicken B. shorten C. loosen D. enlarge11. The room was furnished with the simplest essentials，a bed，a chair，and a table.A. supplied B. gathered C. grasped D. made12. The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.A. motivate B.

6、 combine C. compact D. nominate13. He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.A. favorable B. possible C.formal D. genuine14. When does the next train depart？A. pull up B. pull down C. pull out D. pull in15. Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work

7、 around the clock.A. adjusting B. evaluating C. engaging D. managing第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Image Martian Dust Particles NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander has taken its first-ever picture of a single particle of rusty M

8、artian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust were shown at a higher magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before. The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across. “Taking this image required the highest r

9、esolution microscope operated off Earth and a specially designed device to hold the Martian dust,” said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College London. “We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small.” The device that imaged the dus

10、t speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dimensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atomic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this wont be the last dust particle that

11、Phoenix will image. “After this first success, were now working on building up a portrait gallery of the dust on Mars,” Pike said. Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coating the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly enve

12、lope the planet. The ultra-fine dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian atmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to understanding Mars environment, the researchers said. The $420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers

13、 of Mars arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm from the Snow White trench and delivered to Phoenixs microscope station in early July. 16. The dust particle on Mars is the

14、 smallest particle that has been imaged outside of Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record

15、 the image of Martian particles on earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian rocks. A. R

16、ight B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. The Phoenixs robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not me

17、ntioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第36段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech: Its a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer

18、. And you dont have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work. Logitechs technology works like this: The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing, mapping y

19、our writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this informationthe movement of your pen on the paper，basicallyis then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pens memory. As

20、 far as you are concerned, you are just using a normal pen. It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depend

21、ing on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a “to do” task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downlonded you can view them, print them out or convert them to

22、other formats. The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You dont have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just whip out th

23、e pen and the special paper and you are off. It is a great product because it does not force you to work differentlywalking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepad

24、s look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar. The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that cutomers can fill out forms by handinstead of punching

25、 letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with ittransferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions direct to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports

26、 back to the station, reducing paperwork.23. Paragraph 2 24. Paragraph 3 25. Paragraph 5 26. Paragraph 6 A. A Friendly and Convenient DeviceB. Ways to Download the Stored Information C. Examples of Other Potential Applications of the Io PenD. Customers Passion for the Io PenE. FedEx the First User o

27、f the Io Pen F. Working Principle of the Io Personal Digital Pen27. There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because . 28. If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen, . 29.The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office becau

28、se .30. No matter what you write or draw, .A. you dont have to carry your laptop alongB. the information will be shown digitally on the pen C. FedEx has special software to store your information D. it works like an ordinary pen E. you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradle F. the m

29、ovement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。第一篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theor

30、y that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from6 the somatos

31、ensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were fol

32、lowed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-as

33、sociated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate

34、whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recolle

35、ction, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age

36、.” Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.” Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym. 31. Which of the following stateme

37、nts is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?”? A. Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? B. Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? C. Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? D. Does brain work on files in sleep? 32. What is the result o

38、f the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?A. The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex. B. Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus. C. Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. D. Somatosensory neoc

39、ortex plays it primary role in memory consolidation. 33. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? A. People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance. B. People with good memory have low glucose tolerance. C. Memory level has not

40、hing to do with glucose tolerance. D. The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 34. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? A. There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage. B. The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer ones memory. C. The more hippocampus sh

41、rinks, the better ones memory. D. The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer ones memory. 35. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? A. To prevent hippocampus shrinkage. B. To control weight. C. To exercise. D. To control glucose levels.第二篇Driven to Distract

42、ion Joe Coyne slides into the drivers seat, starts up the car and heads to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him. But even if he hadnt stopped in time, the woman would have been safe.

43、 She isnt real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isnt really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel. The researchers want to know if such sy

44、stems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.“We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psy

45、chology professor lending the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues. The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs, light traffic

46、. Preliminary results show that as people “get into more challenging driving situations, they dont have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment.” Baldwin said. But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers nav

47、igational information and how those methods change the drivers mental workload. “Is it best if they see a picturethat shows their position, a map kind of display?”Baldwin said. “Is it best if they hear it?” Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribe

48、d route. “Theyre very unforgiving,” Baldwin said. “If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.” That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions. Baldwin said. Perhap

49、s manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense for people who prefer the survey style, she said. Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, wh

50、ile 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men dont like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.36. Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs? A. If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wo

51、uldnt have hit the woman. B. The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations. C. Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman. D. If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her. 37. What do researc

52、hers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs? A. Whether or not audible or written directions are distracting. B. How long it will take the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli. C. How the driver perform under certain mental workload. D. All of the above. 38. What

53、are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph? A. Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations. B. In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things. C. In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional menta

54、l energy to deal with something else. D. Drivers mental load remains unchanged under different situations. 39. The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers A. are designing a visual navigational information system. B. are designing an audio navigational information system. C. are designing

55、an audio-visual navigational information system. D. want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system. 40. What kind of directions do men and women prefer? A. Women prefer more general directions and men prefer route directions. B. Men prefer more general direction and women

56、prefer route directions.C. Both men and women prefer general directions.D. Both men and women prefer route directions. 第三篇 Listening to Birdsong A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can t

57、he female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can t

58、ell the difference. Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female (and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this

59、 study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past. In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast

60、the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert. Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates. Others didnt. The females shifte

61、d around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if theyd never met the male. Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male,

62、and one from their mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their mates songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognizeand preferthe songs of their mates. Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when

63、 the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them. This research deals with whats called directed communication, when the communicator or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other s