英语总提分特训精讲 第二编 题型解法指导 五 阅读理解(含任务型阅读)

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1、专题五阅读理解(含任务型阅读)1.阅读理解题主要考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对阅读材料的评估能力。试题中所选的阅读文章题材广泛,涉及政治、经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科技等各个方面。体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、说明等各种文体。2.中考对阅读理解的考查重点:(1)根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;(2)掌握段落中句与句之间的逻辑关系;(3)归纳文章的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;(4)根据不同的阅读目的,运用简单的阅读策略获取主要信息,按要求完成题目。3

2、.考查的主要方式:选择型阅读理解和任务型阅读理解。4.在做此题时,要注意以下几个方面:(1)做好阅读预测依据文章标题(副标题)、插图以及相关的背景知识和社会生活经验,对文章的大致内容进行预测。然后阅读文章的第一段,并对自己的预测进行验证、纠正,同时抓住主题句、关键词,从而更好地从整体上去理解和把握文章的中心。(2)依据主题句定短文的中心主题句通常置于段落的开头,有时在段落末尾和中间,其他的句子通常用来说明和阐述主题句。若把一个个主题句加以整理,就能悟出其中心思想,同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句(等困难信号)所带来的干扰。但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中,因而要综观全文,对全文有一个透

3、彻的理解。(3)掌握具体事实和重要细节阅读文章时,要培养辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。(4)运用构词法、语境线索等来推测关键词义在阅读文章的过程中,常常会遇到一些生词,如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解。但大部分生词是可以根据上下文,结合构词法,或借助文章中的语境线索来帮助猜测词义。这有助于考生加快阅读速度,提高阅读理解能力。(5)改进阅读方式学会扫读(scanning),快速浏览全文,通过把握主题句领会文章大意,辨析文体,掌握篇章结构,进而抓住文章的中心。学会跳读(skipping),在浏览全文的基础上进行跳读,以回答个别事实细节性的问题。有些细节性的问题不能直接在短文中找到答案,必须进行

4、必要的综合、归纳、转换才能获得。这些细节问题通常涉及数据、时间、人称、代词的指代、动作行为的关联、动作行为者与承受者、地点和空间、表达方式、因果、条件、内涵与外延等。题型1题型2题型1选择型阅读理解典例1Many families with children spend their summer holidays in Vineyard.One of the popular places for families is the Flying Horses Carousel(旋转木马).They built the colorful horses in 1876.And one of the b

5、est places for children to swim at is the Joseph beach.The water there is warmer and calmer than that at some of the other Vineyard beaches.People can walk through more than nine kilometers of fields.They can learn about the plants and animals on the island.People can also sit on the beach to watch

6、the sunset.As the sun goes down in the sky,it paints yellow,red,and other colors on the clouds.题型1题型2Many summer visitors also travel to Nantucket.Its another island near Massachusetts.Visitors like this island because of its beaches,its open land and its trees.Nantucket is smaller than Vineyard.The

7、 name of the only town on Nantucket Island is also Nantucket.Many visitors say the most interesting part of the town is the area of homes.The island is famous for its small gray houses with roses(玫瑰)growing on them.Most visitors who go to both Nantucket and Vineyard enjoy almost everything about the

8、 islands.The crowds during the warm season lead to(导致)heavy traffic and long lines for services.Yet,most visitors really enjoy their holidays in Vineyard and Nantucket.题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭细节理解题。由第一段第四、五句“And one of the best places for children to swimat is the Joseph beach.The water there is warmer and c

9、almer than that at some of the other Vineyard beaches.”可知答案。 答案解析关闭A 1.Why do children like to swim at the Joseph beach?A.Because the water there is warmer and calmer.B.Because their parents like to swim there.C.Because they can play games there.D.Because roses are growing on it.题型1题型22.What does th

10、e underlined word “sunset” mean?A.捕鱼 B.彩虹C.日出D.日落 答案解析解析关闭词义猜测题。由下一句中的”As the sun goes down.(当太阳落下去的时候)”可知该词义为“日落”。 答案解析关闭D 题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“Many visitors say the most interesting part of the town is the area of homes.”可知答案。 答案解析关闭B 3.The most interesting part of the town of Nantucket

11、is .A.the Flying Horses CarouselB.the area of homesC.the beautiful rosesD.the beautiful beaches题型1题型24.Are there too many visitors in Nantucket and Vineyard in summer?A.No,there arent.B.Yes,there are.C.We dont know.D.We hope so. 答案解析解析关闭推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第二句可知,在温暖的季节,拥挤的人群造成交通堵塞并形成等待的长队,因此推断在夏季游客很多。 答案解析

12、关闭B 题型1题型25.Whats the main idea of this article?A.How to spend summer holidays.B.Vineyard is a good place to visit.C.Nantucket is famous for its small gray houses.D.The two islandsVineyard and Nantucket. 答案解析解析关闭主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了Vineyard和Nantucket这两个适合夏天旅游的岛屿。 答案解析关闭D 题型1题型2 方法突破 1.词义猜测题:根据上下文内容猜

13、测词义。如:.most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.大部分人同意,从however 一词可推知dissent 意思为“不同意”。根据背景知识猜测词义。根据文章中所举的例子猜测词义。如:.The Germans are very hard-working.They like tidiness,especially the women,who always keep their homes clean.A.整洁B.安静 C.时尚D.随意题型1题型2做这个题目时,要根据后文的内容来进行推测。由后文especially the women,who alway

14、s keep their homes clean.“尤其是妇女,总是把家保持得很干净”可推知:德国人喜欢的是干净、整洁。所以选A项符合题意。根据语法知识猜测词义。根据构词法猜测词义。题型1题型22.细节理解题:把握顺序原则。把握定位词原则。如例文中的“.the most interesting part of the town.”是第3小题的解题关键词。把握排除法原则。3.推理判断题:抓住关键信息进行正向或逆向推理。如例文中的“The crowds during the warm season lead to(导致)heavy traffic and long lines for servic

15、es.”是解答第4小题的依据,导致了交通堵塞和人们排起长队的原因,是游人众多。整合全文信息进行推断。利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。题型1题型24.主旨大意题:重点阅读语篇首尾和各段首尾,寻找主题句。注意出现频率较高的词语,文章中的关键词常常多次出现,它常蕴含着文章的中心思想。如例文中多次出现Vineyard和Nantucket这两个词,且全文为之展开描述。因此在第5小题中,D项就是例文的中心。概括性较强选项优先,片面选项勿选。题型1题型2The 33-year-old Cannavaro once helped Italy to get its fourth World Cup title.T

16、his time,he competed with two strikers Zine Zidane and Rinaldinho.He finally beat them.A lot of people said this award should have gone to a striker.But Cannavaro has again beaten this view.Cannavaro learned to play football in a town of Naples,Italy.Later,he became a ball boy at the citys stadium.T

17、hat was before he entered the Series A game in his country.题型1题型2While the Italian football clubs were criticized(批评) because of scandals (丑闻),he set a role model by trying his best to do well in every match.It has encouraged other players and given hope to the countrys football spirit.Cannavaro sta

18、nds out most for his leadership.As captain of Italy at the World Cup,he knew how to bring out the countrys defensive tradition.A lot of top defenders were born in Italy.题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭细节理解题。由短文第一段的二、三句以及下文可知,有些人认为球场上的前锋才能得到掌声,但是Fabio Cannavaro证明这一观点是错的,即每个人都能拿到最高奖。故选D项。 答案解析关闭D1.Which of the followi

19、ng idea will the writer agree?A.The strikers who make the goals should win the loudest applause.B.Strikers are the only heroes that can get the top awards.C.Only forwards and midfielders can get an award like the FIFA World Player.D.The top award may go to any wonderful player.题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭细节理解题。由

20、短文倒数第一、二段可知,C项正确。 答案解析关闭C 2.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?A.Cannavaro appears in every match of the Italy.B.Cannavaro beat Zine Zidane and Rinaldinho,and thats why he won the Golden Ball Award.C.Cannavaro contributes a lot to helping his countrys team.D.Cannavaro himself th

21、ought the top award should be given to a striker.题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭推理判断题。由倒数第一段的第一、二句可知,Cannavaro被选为队长是因为其领导力,故选A项。 答案解析关闭A3.Cannavaro was chosen to be captain of Italy because of .A.his leadershipB.his nationalityC.his spiritD.his role题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭事件排序题。将选项定位到文中相应的位置,可知事件发生的先后顺序是c-a-d-b,故选B项。 答案解析关闭

22、B 4.Put the following statements into the right order.a.Become a ball boy at the citys stadium.b.Win the FIFA player of the Year award.c.Learn to play football in a town of Naples.d.Enter the Series A game in his country.A.a-c-d-bB.c-a-d-bC.a-d-c-bD.c-a-b-d题型1题型2 答案解析解析关闭标题概括题。本文主要讲述了作为后卫的Fabio Cann

23、avaro获得了足球的最高奖项及其成就。故选B项。 答案解析关闭B5.Which is the best title for the passage?A.The FIFA Player of the Year AwardB.Defender Wins Big Football AwardC.The American Footballer Fabio CannavaroD.Cannavaro and His Team题型1题型2题型2任务型阅读理解典例2阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。A few days ago,I ran into(撞上) a stranger as he passed

24、by.I said sorry to him,and he said,“Excuse me too,I wasnt even watching for you.”We were very polite,this stranger and I.Then we went on our way after saying goodbye.Later in the kitchen at home,as I cooked our meal,my daughter Betty walked up to me,very quietly.When I turned around(转身),I nearly kno

25、cked her down.“Get out of the way!”I shouted angrily.She ran away,crying.That night,when I lay in bed,my husband said to me,“You were so rude to Betty.Go and look around on the kitchen floor,and youll find some flowers there.Betty brought those for you.She picked them herselfpink,yellow,and your fav

26、orite blue.”题型1题型2When I heard this,I thought deeply:While meeting with a stranger,I was calm and polite;but with my daughter,I was not patient(耐心的).I felt sad and tears began to fall.I quietly went to Bettys bed,“Wake up,my dear,”I said,“Are these flowers you picked for me?”She smiled,“I found them

27、 by the tree.I knew youd like them,especially the blue.”I said,“I am so sorry that I treated(对待) you that way today.”And she whispered(悄声说),“Mommy,thats okayI still love you anyway.”I kissed her and said,“I love you too and I do love the flowers.”That day Betty gave me a lesson on how to get along w

28、ith each other in the family.I spent much time on work before and didnt realize how important family life was.I decided to do better in the future.题型1题型21.The writer to a stranger when she ran into him.2.When the writer nearly knocked Betty down,she at her.3.The writers told her Betty had picked tho

29、se flowers for her.4.The writer felt sad and began to cry because .5.The writer decided to . 答案解析解析关闭1.由第一段第二句可知。2.由第二段倒数第二句可知。3.由第三段第一句可知。4.由第四段可知。5.由最后一段最后一句可知。 答案解析关闭1.said sorry2.shouted angrily3.husband4.she didnt treat Betty wellOr:she was not patient(with Betty)Or:she was rude(to Betty)5.do b

30、etter in the future题型1题型2方法突破 做此类阅读题时,要注意:(1)在充分阅读并理解全文的基础上,注意题目中的重点单词或句型出现在短文中的位置,弄清句子是否为短文中该句的同义句或近似句。(2)所设空是否为某个重要短语或句型,同时要注意所填内容是否和短文的时态和人称一致等。题型1题型21.It gets to travel to all corners of the world. 答案:easier and easier2.An American usually shakes your hand and at the same time. 答案:looks into your eyes3.In Islamic(伊斯兰) countries,women should wear long . 答案:blouses and skirts4.In Korea,you should when entering a house. 答案:take off your shoes5.,people hold a business meeting over breakfast. 答案:In Britain