高考真题英语全国卷Ⅰ含解析

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1、： 【参考版答案】非官方版正式答案本试卷共 12 页。全卷满分150 分。考试用时120 分钟。注意事项：1. 答题前，请将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第I卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30 分）

2、试题略解析略第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jan

3、e Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区 ) bycreating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first Americ

4、an woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it weren t for Rachel Carson, the environment al movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world s lakes

5、and oceans.Sandra Day O Connor (1930 -present)When Sandra Day O Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员 ) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.

6、O Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1. 1995, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgome

7、ry bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “ The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. W

8、hat was the reason for O Connor s being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams

9、.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O ConnorD. Rosa Parks.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.21. 【解析】A信息概括题。根据第二段a social worker ”可明显得出答案，故 A正确。22. 【解析】C细节题。根据第四段“ Shecould not f

10、ind work at a law firm because she was awoman.” 可知，原因在于对女性的歧视，故C 正确。23. 【解析】 D细节题。根据第五段kicked off the civil -rights movement ”可知，Rosa Park 推动了民权运动，故D 正确。24. 【解析】 C推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Addams became the first American woman to winthe Nobel Peace Prize ”；第三段第一句 “ If it weren t for Rachel Carson, the enviro

11、nment movement might not exist today”;第四段第二句 “the first woman to join the U.S Supreme Court最后段第三句a -kicked off the civil- rights movement ,可知，四位女性都是历史上的先锋，故C 正确。BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daug

12、hter and her son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move a success, giving them a closer relationship than they wou

13、ld have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move i

14、nto the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study, , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. R obinson s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama s family.“ In the 1960s we were all a little

15、wild and couldn t get away from home far enough,fast enough to prove we could do it on our own, ” says Christiane Crosby, publisher of Graza magazine for grandparents. “ Wenow realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you re raising children. ”Moving is not f

16、or everyone. Although every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life

17、you know may be harder.25. Why was Garza s move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions.C. It enabled her to make more friends.D. It helped her know more places.26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A. 17% expressed their support

18、 for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically.C. 32% believed it had a bad influence.D. The majority suggested it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents

19、.D. They had little experiences for their grandparents.28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A. Make the decisions in the best interest of their own.B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.D. Get to know themsel

20、ves better.25 【解析】 A细节题。定位首段末句由 “ Todayall three generations regard the move a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities 可知答案。 ” 26 【解析】 D细节题。定位第二段，由“83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision willinfluence grandparents in the American family.

21、”可知，约 83% 的人认为 Mrs. Robinson 的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母，说明不是17% 而是 83% 的人支持，排除A ； B 选项文中未提及； 83% 的人支持，说明认为有很坏影响的人占的比例不可能超过17% ； D 选项符合文意。27 【解析】 C推断题。 由第三段首句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away fromhome far enough, fast enough to prove we could do it on our own ”可推断 20 世纪 60 年代 的时候， 人们想要

22、离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许， 心里其实是想离开家的， C 选 项正确。28 【解析】 A推断题。由最后一段“but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life you know may be harder ”可知有时候对祖父母来说，和孩 子孙子们住在一起并非就是好的选择， 反而

23、不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会更好， 因为这 样就不需要改变祖父母自己熟知的生活方式， 由此可推测出作者的建议祖父母是否搬去和子 孙一起住最好从祖父母的需求出发，选择A 。CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I ve done 89 trips一of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells （干名田胞） in my little box because I ve got two ice packs and t

24、hat s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor （捐献者） to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we ve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem ce

25、lls in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check - in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“ well, I mreally sorry, I vegot some bad news for you - there are no flights from Washington. ” So I took my box and put it on

26、the desk and I said : “ In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient - please, please, youve got to get meback to the United Kingdom. ” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed （改道） me through Newark and got me bac

27、k to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier jo b, you re consciously aware that in that box you ve got somethingthat is potentially going to save somebody s life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier ” in Paragraph 1?A. providerB. delivery manC. c

28、ollectorD. medical doctor30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that much time. D. The ice won t last any longer.31. Which fight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To L

29、ondon.C. To Providence.B. To Newark.D. To Washington.29 【解析】 B词义猜测题。根据第一段第二行carry stem cells 可知， 作者是运送细胞的人，所以选择 B 选项， delivery man 。30 【解析】 D细节题。从第一段第三行“ because I vegot two ice packs and that hsow long theylast . ”可以知道选择 D 选项， “the ice won t last any longer. ” 31 【解析】 B细节题。由原文第三段倒数第二行“ r-erouted me

30、 through Newark ” 可知，答案选 B 。DThe meaning of silence carries among culture groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or, worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremel

31、y uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙 ） with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as

32、some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied（ 暗示 ） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Othe

33、r cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However

34、, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority, persons in Asian cu

35、lture may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal a

36、nd cultural construction of silence so that a patient s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing（ 治愈 ） value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does

37、 the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specificD. It is content-based33. Which of the following people might consider silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What doe

38、s the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What it means to be silentC. Silence to

39、Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold32 .【解析】C推测题。原文定位第一段，可以彳#知A选项不全面，沉默不只代表一个意思；同理，可NE除 B 选项；止匕段反复强调Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups ；“ Personsin other cultural groups value可得知，沉默在不同文化中的意义是不同的，而不是根据对话内容变化的，由此可以排出 D,得出正确答案 Co33 .【解析】A细节题。题干的意思是在哪国人的文化中，沉默代表要求对方仔细考虑？”定位第二段

40、“Therefore person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.中文意思为，在中国和泰国文化中， silence代表说话人想在继续会话之前让倾听者考虑他 说过的话。所以可以得出答案 Ao34 .【解析】D细节题。对应文章最后一段。答案可以在段落主题句中可以分析出来一第一句和最后一句。 尤其是最后一句Aurse who understands the healing（ 治愈）value of silence can usethis understanding to assist in th

41、e care of patients作者认为： 了解沉默的治愈价值有助于更好地照顾病人。所以，是建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值的。而 A, B选项出现在第2句 so that后面的部分。用了否定词 not,是作者所不建议的。C选项在文中并未提及。35 .【解析】B主旨题。文章为总分的结构，可从第一段入手。定位文章第一句The meaning ofsilence caries among culture groups.艮PW得知全篇都在讲沉默代表的意义，不同的文化意义不同。文中并没提到声音与沉默的关系，所以不选A;文章讲了不同国家沉默代表的意义，不局限于 Native Americans ,排除C;

42、而D选项是一句谚语，说话是银，沉默是金 ”,文章并没有对比两者的重要性。因此只能选 Bo第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes （密码）keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes

43、for thousands of years.36 Code breaking neverlags （落后）behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters areMy elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me.”38

44、 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, lets numberthe letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message Meet me would read 1 3 5 20 13 5 :A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a

45、real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, bridge might stand for meet ”and 6ut might stand for me”. The message bridge out would actually mean Meet me :40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codesmust be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code w

46、ithout a code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code b

47、ook, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.36. 【解析】D本题考察是逻辑关系，根据下句code breaking never lags behind code making ”可知上一句是只要出现密码，就会有人去解码，故选 D。37. 【解析】E本题考察是句子之间的例证关系，从后面文章的举例中For example

48、, the first lettersare My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me. 那么前一 句应该是对例子的概括，即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，E选项正确38. 【解析】G本题考察是文章的篇章结构，前一段是讲到了第一种方法，根据篇章结构，下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法，而根据该段的例子，即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息，所以这里关键词是another way 还有alphabet ,故选 G。39. 【解析】F本题考察的是逻辑关系，从上句 To read the

49、message of a real code, you must havea code book ”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思，F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语，故 F正确。40. 【解析】A本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系，根据下一句出现it is also hard to keep a codebook secret for long,”这里出现了 also hard,所以上一句关键词为 hard;另外however表示 转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该没有解密书， 是很难去完成解密工作，故A正确。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45

50、分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（ A B C和D）中选出可以填入空白处 的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with itsbright lights on. 43he got closer, he fo

51、und44 vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and47 the fire extinguisher（灭火器）.Two goodbursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had4

52、9 anemergency call. They 50 heard a woman s voice coming from the wre cked （毁坏的） vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he

53、had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and letthem go to work. Then, Larry asked the57if he was needed or58 to go. Theylet him and the other man go.One thing is 59_ -Larry went aboveand beyond th

54、e callof duty by getting soclose to the burning vehicle! His60 most likely saved the womans life.41.A. walkingB. touringC. travelingD. rushing42.A. passengersB. colleaguesC. employersD. customers43.A. SinceB. AlthoughC. AsD. If44.A. eachB. anotherC. thatD. his45.A. flamesB. smokeC. waterD. steam46.A

55、. usedB. disabledC. removedD.abandoned47.A. got hold ofB. preparedC. took charge ofD. controlled48.A. came downB. came throughC. came inD. came over49.A. returnedB. receivedC. madeD. confirmed50.A. thenB. againC. finallyD. even51.A. StartingB.ParkingC. PassingD. Approaching52.A. quietB. stillC. away

56、D. calm53.A. forB. soC. andD. but54.A. explodeB. slip awayC. fall apartD. crash55.A. as ifB. unlessC. in caseD. after56.A. stepped forwardB. backed offC. moved onD. set out57.A. womanB. policeC. manD. driver58.A. forbiddenB. readyC. askedD. free59.A. for certainB. for considerationC. reportedD. chec

57、ked60.A. patienceB. skillsC. effortsD. promise41. C 解析：travel along 开车行进。42. D 解析：由deliver to可知Larry是在给他的“顾客送货。43. C 解析：A. since自从，既然；B. although 虽然；D.if如果C. as当时；文中 意思为“当他走近时 ”，所以选Co44. B 解析：前文he saw a car ,走近之后，又发现了 另一辆，故选another。45. A 解析：此段最后一句the fire was put out 可知此处因为着火”, A. flame火焰； B. smoke

58、烟；C. water 水；D. steam 蒸汽。46. B 解析：A. used用过的；B. disabled 报废的，不能使用的； C. removed 移走的； D. abandoned 遗弃的；因为车内还有人，所以不能用abandoned ,故选B。47. A 解析：A. get hold of 抓住，拿到；B. prepare 准备；C. take charge of 掌管；D. control 控制。48. D 解析：A. come down 下降；B. come through 经历，度过；C. come in 进来； D. come over 过来。49. C 解析：make

59、an emergency call固定搭配，打电话。50. A 解析：“然后”他们听到了声音，表顺承，故选 then。51. D解析： A. start 开始；B. park 停车；C. pass 通过，经过；D. approach 靠近。52. B解析：stay still 静止不动，由上一句try to get out of the window ”和 55 空shouldnot move ”可知。53. D 解析：“叫她保持不动，但是她担心车会爆炸”，表转折，所以用but。54. A解析：A. explode 爆炸；B. slip away 逃走；C. fall apart 崩塌；D.

60、crash 撞毁。55. C解析：A. as if 好像； B. unless 除非；C. in case 以防万一；D. after 在之后。56. B 解析： A. step forward 走向前；B. back off 退后；C. move on 继续；D. set out 出发。57. B 解析：本段最后一句they let him and the other man go ,由they可推断应选复数或集合名词，故选Bo58. D 解析：free to go 可以走了，自行离开。59. A 解析： A. for certain 确信；B. for consideration 以供考虑

61、；C. report 报告；D. check检查。60. C 解析：A. patience 耐心；B. skill 技巧；C. effort 努力；D. promise 承诺。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top61 (attract).So it was

62、a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where pocket money helpspay for research.I 62 (allow)to getup close tothesecuteanimals at the 600-acrecentre. From tomorrow, I willbe their UKambassador. The titlewill be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But m

63、y connection with pandas goes back64 my days onthe TVshow inthe mid1980s,65Iwasthe first Western TVreporter 66(permit)to film aspecialunit caringforpandasrescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by 68_ _mother. The nursery team switches him every few69 (day) with his sister sothat the one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum she nev