Unit 2 Growing pains

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1、Unit 2 Growing painsWelcome to the unit & Reading精讲典析1. Act one 第一幕 (page 22, line 1)act 的用法 它作名词时意为“行为”、“举动”或“幕”。例如：This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman. 这种令人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为。The hero dies in Act 5 Scene 2. 男主角在第五幕第二场死去。 它作动词时意为“扮演”、“表演”或“行动”。例如：He acted his part well. 他扮演的那个角色很成功。Many c

2、hildren act in TV shows. 有许多孩子在电视节目中进行表演。 Think before you act! 三思而后行！2. Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. 爸妈休假比预期提前一天回来。(page 22, line 2)(1) 辨析：vacation, holiday, leave vacation 意为“休假”或“假期”时指时间可长可短的假期。表示“在度假”习惯用 be on vacation。注意，vacation 前习惯用零冠词。例如：I worked in a sm

3、all beachside restaurant during the college vacation. 学院放假时，我在海滨的一家小餐馆里打工。They are on vacation now. 他们现在正在度假。 holiday 意为“休假”或“假期”时多指短期假期，与季节名词连用时，常用复数形式。例如：Were going to Spain for our summer holidays. 我们打算去西班牙度暑假。 leave 多指“病假”或“事假”，表示“请假”习惯用 ask for leave。例如：Being ill, Daniel had to telephone his te

4、acher to ask for leave. 因为生病了，丹尼尔不得不打电话给老师请病假。(2) than expected 意为“比预期的”或“比预料的”，是一种省略结构，还为 than theyre expected。因为是“被预期”，所以用过去分词。例如：You did better in the exam than (you had been) expected. 你在考试中考得比预料的要好。The project was finished later than expected. 这个项目比预期的要迟一点完工。expect 为动词，意为“期待”、“预料”或“指望”。其后常接名词、代

5、词、不定式和从句。表示“期待某人做某事”习惯用 expect sb. to do sth.。例如：They expect to finish the work by Friday. 他们期望到星期五完成工作。We cant expect one to change the habit of lifetime in a short time. 我们不能期望一个人在很短的时间内改变他的习惯。3. I cant wait to surprise the boys. 我迫不及待地要给孩子们一个惊喜。(page 22, line 5)( 1 ) cant wait to do sth. “迫不及待要做”

6、，带有较强的感情色彩。例如：I cant wait to get started again. 我迫不及待地想重新开始。I cant wait to see their new baby. 我急着要看他们的新生儿。 有时也见用准否定副词hardly或其他类似的结构。例如：I can hardly wait to see him again. 我迫不及待地想再次见到他。The children cant wait for Christmas to come. 孩子们急切地盼着圣诞节到来。I can hardly wait for my holiday! 我迫切地等着假期的来临。( 2 )surp

7、rise 的用法 它作动词时意为“使惊奇”或“使惊讶”。例如：His anger surprised meI had thought he was a calm person. 他的愤怒使我很惊讶我原以为他是个冷静的人。He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. 他由于被发现而非常吃惊，甚至都没有想起要逃跑。 它作可数名词时意为“惊奇”、“惊愕”或“意外”。例如：Dont tell him about the presentits a surprise.不要告诉他关于礼物的事这是个惊

8、喜。 它作不可数名词时常用于 to ones surprise 中，表示“使某人惊讶的是”。例如：To the teachers surprise, he failed in the exam again. 让老师感到惊讶的是，他考试又失败了。 其形容词形式 surprising 意为“令人惊讶的”，其主语通常为物，还可作定语修饰名词，表示事物的性质或特征；surprised 意为“感到惊讶的”，其主语通常为人，常用于短语 be surprised at sth. 和 be surprised to do sth.。例如：He was extremely surprised at the su

9、rprising news! 听到这个令人惊讶的消息，他感到相当惊讶。He was surprised to see the young woman who had just got off the train. 见到了刚下车的那位女士，他感到很惊讶。4. You werent supposed to come home until tomorrow! 你们本应该明天才回来的呀！(page 22, lines 910)be supposed to 的用法 它用于把本应该发生的事与实际发生的事进行对比，意为“本应该”。例如：The sports meeting was supposed to t

10、ake place on Tuesday, but we had to postpone it due to the bad weather. 运动会本应该在星期五召开，但是由于糟糕的天气不得不推迟。 它表示“被认为是”、“被看作”或“据说”。例如：Opening ceremony was supposed to be held on Monday morning. 据说开幕式在星期一上午举行。5. What did you do with the money we left? 你们用我们留下的钱做了什么？(page 22, lines 1415)辨析：do with, deal with d

11、o with 意为“利用”、“处理”或“对待”(=do about)，表示“如何、怎样”处理时，常与 what 连用。例如：The new teacher didnt know what to do with the noisy class. 那位新老师不知道如何应付班上吵闹的学生。 deal with 意为“处理”，但表示“如何、怎样”处理时，常与 how 连用。例如：The young father knows how to deal with children very well. 那位年轻的父亲非常了解如何和小孩相处。What will you do with this matter?

12、How will you deal with this matter? 怎么处理这些事呢？6. The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. 房间里乱七八糟，比萨盒子在地板上，脏盘子在洗涤槽里。(page 22, lines 1920)(1) in a mess 意为“混乱”、“杂乱”或“肮脏”。例如：Your room is in a mess. Please tidy it. 你的房间杂乱不堪，请把它打扫干净。Your books and magazines are al

13、most in a mess; go and put them in order. 你的书和杂志简直是乱七八糟，去把它们整理一下。 (2) with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink 中运用了“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，这种结构多用作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等；也可以用作定语。“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”有以下几种类型： with + 宾语 + 形容词It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满口食物和人交谈是

14、不礼貌的。He often sleeps with the door open / closed. 他经常开/关着门睡觉。 with 宾语 副词The family went out for a walk with the lights on. 这家人出去散步了，灯还亮着。 with 宾语 介词短语The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals aroun

15、d us. 没有动植物我们人类是不可能生存的。 with 宾语 现在分词(短语)，With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 有这么多的人每天用英语交流，精通英语将变得越来越重要。In parts of Asia, you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. 在亚洲某些地方，你不可以坐着翘起二郎腿对着他

16、人。 with 宾语 过去分词(短语)He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。 with 宾语 不定式(短语)With two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. 由于担心有两门考试通不过，这个周末我真得用功了。 With too much work to do, the mother has no time to take car

17、e of her son. 由于有很多工作要做，母亲没有时间照顾孩子。7. Listen to me young manremember the day when we left you in charge? 年轻人，听我说记得那天我们让你负责吗？(page 22, lines 2324)(1) leave 的用法 它作动词时意为“使处于某种状态”或“听任”，其后常接名词、代词、动名词、形容词等作宾补。例如：Leave the door open, please. 请让门开着！Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain. 别让他在外面雨中等。 短语 l

18、eave alone 在表示“防止干扰”时可以替代 let alone。例如：Leave him alone and he will do it well. 别打扰他，他会做好的。(2) charge 的用法 它作名词且意为“责任”时常用于 in charge of(管理，负责)，in the charge of(由负责，被管理)和 take charge of(负责)等结构中。例如：An experienced teacher is in charge of this class. 一位经验丰富的老师负责这个班。This class is in the charge of an experi

19、enced teacher. 这个班由一位经验丰富的老师负责。Who is in charge of the factory? 谁负责这个工厂？Mr. Li will take charge of the project. 李先生将负责这个项目。 它作可数名词时还可意为“要价”或“费用”。但用于短语 free of charge 时，charge 前习惯不加冠词。例如：His charges are very reasonable. 他要的价钱很公道。All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免费送货。 它作动词时意为“索价”或“要价”。它用于结构

20、 charge with 时意为“责令”、“公开指责”或“控诉”。例如：The barber charges ten dollars for a haircut. 理一次发要价 10 美元。He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。8. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished and you. 这可不是一个允许坏行为不受惩罚的家庭，可是你 (pages 2223，lines 2829)在本句中，go 是连系动词，后接动词的过去分词构成系表结构。例如： No one can

21、 go unpunished if he breaks the law. 如果犯法，没有人可以不受到惩罚。go 还可后接形容词构成系表结构，意为“处于状态”，多表示朝不好的情况发展，如：go bad(变坏)，go hungry(变饿)，go mad(变得疯狂)，go blind(变瞎)，go grey(变得灰白)等。9. Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out. 灯光熄灭，爸爸妈妈面面相觑。(page 23, lines 3233)go out 的用法 它意为“熄灭”。例如：The fire had gone out when the f

22、irefighters arrived. 当消防队员到达时，火已经熄灭了。The light went out one after another. 灯一盏一盏地熄灭了。 它意为“过时”、“变得不流行”或“不时髦”等。例如： High boots went out last year. 去年，高筒靴就不流行了。10. Daniel and Erics bedroom. Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel, who has his arms crossed and looks angry. 丹尼尔和埃里克的卧室。埃里克坐在他的床上看着丹尼尔，丹尼尔双臂交

23、叉，抱着肩膀，显得很生气的样子。(page 23, lines 3637)(1) Daniel and Erics bedroom 指他们两人共用的卧室。如果要指他俩分别拥有的卧室，则要说 Daniels and Erics bedroom。(2) have 的用法 have sb. do sth. 意为“要某人做某事”。例如：Well have him do it. 我们会要他做那个事情。 have sb. / sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人或某物一直做某事”。例如：Im sorry to have you waiting for me for so long time. 不好

24、意思，让你等这么久。She always has the TV going at full blast. 她总是把电视机的声音开到最大。 have sth. done 意为“使处于状态”，“使被做”或“有某种遭遇或经历”。例如：She had her long hair cut short yesterday. 昨天她把她的头发剪短了。The lady had her wallet stolen at the cinema last night. 昨晚那位女士的钱包被偷了。另外，let, make 与 have 的第一个用法相同。11. They dont deserve to know th

25、e truth. 他们不配知道真相。(page 23, lines 4142)deserve 作动词时意为“应得”、“应受到”或“值得”。例如：These people deserve our help. 这些人值得我们帮助。They really worked hard and they deserve to be rewarded. 他们真的工作努力，值得奖赏。These proposals deserve serious consideration. 这些建议值得认真考虑。12. Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of shoutin

26、g at me? 为什么他们不问问我发生了什么事，而是对我大嚷呢？(page 23, lines 4748 )辨析：instead, instead of instead 是副词，意为“代替”或“顶替”。它在句子中作状语。例如：Besides, I might be reading the books in your fathers bookcase instead. (page 11)此外，我有可能反而去读你爸爸书柜里的书。 instead of 是短语介词，意为“代替”或“而不用”。它后面可接名词、代词或动词的 -ing 形式，有时可用来连接两个对等的语法成分。例如：Now I can r

27、ide my bike at the weekends instead of waiting so long for the bus. (page 34)现在周末我可以骑自行车，而不用长时间地等公交车了。 She went to school instead of staying at home. 她没有待在家里而是上学去了。They went there on foot instead of by bus. 他们没有乘公共汽车而是步行到那里去的。13. Do you think we were too hard on Daniel? 你认为我们刚才对丹尼尔太苛刻吗？(page 23, lin

28、e 51 )辨析：be hard on sb, be strict with sb, be rude to sb be hard on / upon sb. 苛刻地对待(某人), 强调的是“行为、方式”的简单和不和谐。例如：Dont be too hard on the boy; he didnt intend to break the cup. 对这个小男孩不要太严厉了,他不是故意打碎杯子的。Youre being too hard on her. 你对她太严厉了。 be strict with sb 严格地要求(某人), 强调的是“行为准则”的标准。例如：My father was ver

29、y strict with me. 我父亲对我要求非常严格。 be rude to sb 粗鲁地对待(某人), 强调的是言语的“无礼”或态度的“粗暴”。例如： Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish them or he wont respect us.也许吧。但是既然他已经对我们这样粗暴,我觉得我们得惩罚他，否则他不会尊重我们。(page 23)Dont be so rude to your mother! 不要对你母亲这么没礼貌！14. Maybe, but now that

30、he has been so rude to us，I feel like we have to punish him or he wont respect us. 也许吧。但是既然他已经对我们这样粗暴, 我觉得我们得惩罚他，否则他不会尊重我们。(page 23, lines 5253)(1) now that “既然”, 从属连词词组，引导原因状语从句，类似的从属连词还有 “now” 和 “since”，所引导的状语从句多见位于主句之前。例如：Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了, 就

31、不应该依靠你的父母。Now(that) he is well again, he can go on with his studies. 既然恢复了健康, 他就可以继续学习了。Since you are so sure of it, hell believe you. 既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。15. This is because plays are written to be spoken aloud. 这是因为写剧本是为了大声说话用的。

32、(page 23)This is why we didnt have time to clean the house. 这就是为什么我们没有时间打扫房间的缘故。(page 25) 辨析because，why because和why都可以用来引导表语从句，但在意义上区别很大；because强调的是因，而why强调的是果。例如： He didnt attend the meeting. That was because he was ill. 他没有出席会议，那是因为他病了。 He was ill. That was why he didnt attend the meeting. 他病了，结果他

33、没有出席会议。/ 那是他没有出席会议的原因。/ 那是他为什么没有出席会议。16. We feel you should not have done that. 我们觉得你真不应该这样做。 (page 24) Dad and I realized there is probably an explanation for why the house is so dirty, but you shouldnt have run out of the room and slammed the door like that. 爸爸和我认为可能有一种解释房子为什么这么脏，但你不应该那样跑出房间，并且砰地关

34、上门。(page 25) 情态动词should + have done sth结构用于肯定句说明过去本应该去做某事而未去完成。这一结构用于否定句说明不应当发生的事，暗含有批评责备之意或埋怨情绪。例如： They should have arrived in Beijing by this time. 他们这个时候该到北京了。 He should have been careful. 他本应该仔细点。 You shouldnt have gone. 你真不应该离开。课堂作业. 根据课文内容完成表格。ActsDescription of 1 characters The main ideaThe

35、developing clueActOneDad: happy, relaxed, but angryMom: 2 surprised , but puzzledEric: surprised and 3 frightened Spot: 4 tired and hungryDaniel: surprised and 5 angry Parents are angry.Spot looks so hungry 10 trash all over the placeAct TwoSceneOneDaniel: angry and 6 disappointed Eric: 7 calm Eric

36、tries to persuade Daniel.A talk between Daniel and EricSceneTwoDad: angry and 8 hard Mom: 9 reasonable Mom tries to persuade Dad.A talk between Mom and DadII. 根据课文内容回答问题。1. Which word is closest in meaning to the word “trust”?Believe.2. What did the boys do with the money the parents left? (回答词数不超过

37、8 个)They sent the dg to the vet. 3. Why was Dad angry with Daniel? (回答词数不超过 8 个)Because the room was in a mess. /_Because there was trash all over the place.III. 根据课文内容填空。Home alone Characters: Dad, Mom, Daniel (elder son), Eric (younger son)Mom and Dad arrive back from 1 vacation earlier than 2 exp

38、ected to find their home 3 unusual. They find the rooms in a 4 mess with trash all over the place, and their pet dog tired and 5 hungry , but the money for dog food is 6 gone . So they shout at their elder son Daniel. Daniel feels 7 angry as he cannot have the 8 chance to explain the 9 truth to them

39、. In fact, when their parents are 10 away from home, their dog 11 fell ill and the boys used the money to take it to the 12 vet and they had no time to13 clean the house.Daniels younger brother Eric 14 advises him to tell the truth to their parents or he himself tells the 15 fact . But Daniel wouldn

40、t 16 listen . At the same time, Dad becomes 17 unhappy at Daniels bad 18 behavior and rudeness, and decides to 19 punish him. Mom thinks they should go and 20 ask Daniel what has happened.根据首字母提示或汉语提示完成句子,注意词形变化。1. I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college vacation.2. I dont know w

41、hy he did that, but Im sure he had his reasons.3. Its rude of you to break in without knocking on the door when we are talking.4. Bob was so angry that he ran into his room, slamming the door behind him. 5. Soon she began to find fault with me.6. We cannot believe that Shelias behavior (行为)is becomi

42、ng more than strange.7. Only adults (成年人) are admitted into the cinema tonight.8. The club is for teenagers (青少年)and people in their early twenties.9. You may trust (相信) me that I am speaking the truth.10.You have to give me some explanation (解释)for your coming late before you enter the classroom. .

43、 句型转换 将下列句子改为同义句，每空限填一个词。1. Music can give us a great deal of pleasure. That is why so many people like it.So many people like music. Thats because it can give us a great deal of pleasure.2. What did you do with the money we left? How did you deal with the money that we left?3. What is your explanat

44、ion for being late? Can you explain why you are late?4. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished. This is not a family in which bad behavior are not punished.5. Now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him if he doesnt respect us. Since he has been so rude to

45、us, we feel like punishing him unless he respects us. .完成译文 根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词）1. 鲁迅本该是当医生的，但是他却成了一位有名的作家。Lu Xun was supposed to be a doctor. But he became a famous writer.2. 他躺在草地上，手交叉放在脑后，望着天上的星星。He lay on the grass, with his hands crossed under his head, looking at the stars in the sky.3. 你

46、应该早一点来的，太迟了。You should have come here earlier. Its too late.4. 我迫不及待地想尝尝这可口的鲜汤。 I cant wait to taste the delicious soup. 5. 这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。 Dr Green is in charge of this ward.Word power & Grammar and usage精讲典析1. Call me at 5555 5678. 请打我的电话，号码是 5555 5678。(page 26)辨析：call at, call on, call for, call o

47、ff “call sb. at + 号码”意为“拨某号码给某人打电话”；“call at +地名”意为“拜访某地”。例如：When you are in danger, you can call the police at 110. 当你遇到危险时，你可以拨打 110 报警。He was invited to call at the Great Wall Hotel to see Mr. Chen. 他被邀请去长城饭店见陈先生。 call on sb. 意为“拜访某人”。例如：Ill call on you tomorrow. 我明天去拜访您。 call for 有“叫”、“接”、“号召”、“

48、需要”或“值得”等意思。例如：They will call for you at six. 他们 6 点来接你。The work calls for patience. 这项工作需要有耐心。 call off 意为“取消”或“停止做”。例如：Ive called off the trip to Beijing. 我已经取消了去北京的旅行。2. Neither of them would help me! 她们两个人都不来帮我！(page 26) 辨析：both, either, neither三者都用于谈论两个人或物，可用作代词、形容词或连词。 作代词时，neither 意为“两者中任何一个都

49、不”；either 意为“两者中任何一个”；both 意为“两者都”。neither 和 either 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，both 作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。作代词时，both 可用作同位语，neither, either 则不行。例如：Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。Either of you can do it. 你们俩都可以做这件事。Both of us are teachers. 我们两人都是教师。They both skate well. 他们两人都很会溜冰。 作形容词时，三者的意义与作代词时相同，neither 与 ei

50、ther 修饰名词的单数形式，both 修饰名词的复数形式。例如：Neither film is very long. 两部电影都不很长。You may use either pencil. 你可以用这两支铅笔中的任何一支。Both pencils are blue. 两支铅笔都是蓝色的。 作连词时，neither 与 nor 连用，意为“既不也不”；either与or 连用，意为“或是或是”；both与and 连用，意为“两者都”。它们均用来连接两个并列的语法成分。当 neither. nor. 和 either. or. 连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。而 b

51、oth. and. 连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：Neither Jack nor I have seen the film. 杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。Both John and Mike are good at swimming. 约翰和迈克都擅长游泳。词汇奥秘从前，俄克拉荷马州(美国中南部的一个州，Oklahoma)有一个农夫乘一艘英国轮船去旅行。在船上，他为自己点了一盘饼干(Id like some biscuits)作早餐。他正想着要好好地享受那美味香软的饼干时，让他吃惊的是服务员拿来的是坚硬的苏

52、打饼干(Its called soda crackers in my country.)。他非常迷惑又非常生气。这时，一位好心的英国人向他解释道：英国的 biscuits 指的就是这种坚硬的苏打饼干。这位农夫尝了尝苏打饼干，发现味道不错，就想再多要一些(Id like some more crackers)。服务员一听到 cracker 这个词，惊讶地张大了嘴。原来，cracker 这个词在英国指的是鞭炮(firecrackers)。笑话讲完了，同学们一定很想知道美式英语和英式英语到底有哪些区别。接下来我们就从语法、拼写、用词和语音四个方面来具体分析它们的差异。 一、美式英语与英式英语的区别1

53、. 在语法上的差异 在某些情况下，英式英语使用现在完成时，而美式英语用一般过去时，尤其是在表达提供消息的时候。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)他刚回家了。He just went home.He has just gone home.我刚吃完午餐。I just had lunch.I have just had lunch. 哦！天哪！我把车撞坏了！Oh! My God! I crashed the car.Oh! My God! I have crashed the car 介词的用法不同。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)在周末on the weekendat the wee

54、kend 不同于different thandifferent from 或 different to在家homeat home医生检查了我的脉搏。The doctor felt of my pulse.The doctor felt my pulse. 打电话时，美国人常说：Hello, is this Jim? 英国人则用：Hello, is that Jim? 在非正式口语中，美国人见到亲近的朋友常说：Hey, whats up boy? 而英国人会一本正地说：How are you? 2. 在单词拼写上的差异 美式英语与英式英语在单词拼写上的差异主要有两种：一种是单词发生变化使得个别字

55、母不相同，如 enquire(英)与 inquire(美)，这两个单词的第一个字母不同，但都是商品交易前，一方向对方洽询有关商品的价格、数量、交货时间及付款条件等的询价；“车胎”在英国用 tyre，在美国则是 tire。这类单词仅一个字母不同，发音上有的相同，有的则相似。大致规则是：英式英语部分以 -re 结尾的词在美式英语中以 -er 结尾；英式英语部分以 -ise 结尾的动词在美式英语中拼写为 -ize。 另一种是美式英语单词较为简化，越来越趋向简化，充分体现了美国人生活和工作高效快捷的现代化特性。这些较为简化的词大都源于英语，大量词汇在英式英语里仍然保持貌。而进入美式英语后，这些单词就逐

56、渐变得简单起来，从而使用起来较为方便。如较常见的单词 colour(颜色)，在美式英语里就拼写成 color，少了一个字母 u；refrigerator(电冰箱)美式英语是 fridge，比原单词要简单得多。单词的简化现象是美式英语与英式英语在单词拼写上的差异的主要表现。下面将中学常见的有英美差异的词汇列表如下：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)行为behaviorbehaviour颜色colorcolour最喜爱的favoritefavourite恩惠favorfavour幽默humorhumour劳动laborlabour邻居neighborneighbour珠宝jeweljewell羊毛

57、的woolenwoollen千克kilogramkilogramme厘米centimetercentimetre纤维fiberfibre千米kilometerkilometre米metermetre剧场theatertheatre中心centercentre分析analyzeanalyse认识realizerealise组织(v.)organizeorganise组织(n.)organizationorganisation保卫defensedefence灰色的graygrey轮胎tiretyre3. 在用词上的差异用词上的差别涉及人们日常生活和社会活动的各个方面，如衣、食、住、行、商业、教育、

58、政治等各个领域。以下仅举一些常见的例子。范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)秋天fallautumn账单checkbill电动机motorengine电影moviefilm公寓apartmentflat假日vacationholidays病sickill电梯elevatorlift行李baggageluggage疯狂crazymad大路(公路)highwaymain road钞票billnote邮递mailpost打电话callring海滨beachseaside店storeshop单程(车票)one-waysingle时刻表scheduletimetable罐头cantin地铁subwayun

59、derground链zipperzip4. 在语音上的差异美式英语和英式英语在语音方面的差异比较有规律。 以 wh- 开头的词，英式英语读 w，美式英语则读 hw。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)whilehwailwailwhitehwaitwaitwherehww 英式英语中 r 只在元音之前才发音，而在美式英语中它在任何情况下都发音。若是在元音之前，其发音与英式英语相同；若是在元音之后，它往往与之前的元音一起发成自然过渡的卷舌音。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)morem:rm:letterletletfloweraJEflau 英式英语把 -u 和 -ue 的长元音发作

60、 ju:，而美式英语发成 u:。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)reduceridu:sridju:sduedu:dju:tubetu:btju:b 英式英语把字母 a 读成:的地方，美式英语一般读成 。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)laughlfl:fgrassrsr:slastlstl:st 在英式英语读音中，字母o的发音是，而在美式英语读音中读。例如：范 例美式英语(A)英式英语(B)notntntbombbmbmtoptptp当然，美式英语和英式英语之间的差别还有很多方面。现在不少课本里还是采用英式英语，毕竟它是比较正统的用来做学问的语言。而美式英语在口语中用得多，比

61、较时髦。 二、英语中的俗语现象今天，Jessica 批评了一个学生的作文简直是“狗屁不通”，同事说 Jessica 越来越不像淑女了。其实，Jessica 是一位很文雅的老师，一直都很注意形象的。这不，为了证明自己不仅是淑女而且有才华，特意去查证了“狗屁不通”这个词的来龙去脉。“狗屁不通”这个成语最初的写法是“狗皮不通”。因为狗的表皮与其他动物的表皮不同，它没有汗腺。但狗却长有一条比较特别的舌头，炎炎酷夏，狗就靠这条舌头来散发体内的燥热。“狗皮不通”，就是针对狗的身体这一特点而言的。由于古人认为“皮”与“屁”均为污浊之物，对于理不通的诗文或不明事理的人，以“屁”贬之，意思更为鲜明。于是，后来人们就将错就错，约定俗成地将“狗皮不通”说成了“狗屁不通”。 汉语中类似的俗语有很多，可是同学们知道英语中的俗语吗？有这样一个小故事：邻居 Smith 老夫妇身体很健康，精力也充沛，但奇怪的是花园