2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题98（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 问答题Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laughs. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid（1）humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does n

2、ot seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share th

3、e ability to laugh. And laughter,（2 ） turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplins early films.The little man（3） odds with society neve

4、r fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed（4） the same way.” A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from

5、a refined tingle （5）an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always

6、reminded that tragedy is not really far removed（6 ） comedy. So we never get & lop sided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often（7） the brink of war, political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total d

7、espair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense（8） proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd.

8、We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gullivers Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they cant agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to fl

9、ourish.The sense of humor must be singled（9） as mans most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative these are qualities we share（10） other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human.

10、If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.Fill in each blank in the article with an appropriate preposition(介词).Read the article carefully and explain the meaning of the words according to the context.devoid (in paragraph 1)plague (in paragra

11、ph 1)stereotype (in paragraph 1)fanatic (in paragraph 3)satire (in paragraph 4)somber (in paragraph 4)redress (in paragraph 4)absurd (in paragraph 4)weep (in paragraph 4)initiative (in paragraph 5)【答案】1.考查介词搭配。由文章第一句可知我们与动物的区别在于我们有笑的能力，因此后面要表达的是没有幽默感，与前面相对应。devoid of意为“缺乏，缺少”。试题答案：of2.考查介词搭配。in turn

12、意为“反过来”。试题答案：in3.考查介词搭配。at odds with society意为“与社会格格不入”。试题答案：at4.考查介词搭配。in the same way意为“同样地”。试题答案：in5.考查介词搭配。from.to意为“从到”。此句意为：幽默感有各种表现形式，笑可以是从微笑到狂笑，但它的效果是一样的。试题答案：to6.考查介词搭配。far removed from意为“与相差太远”。此句意为：我们总是被提醒，悲剧并没有真正远离喜剧。试题答案：from7.考查介词搭配。on the brink of意为“濒于，濒临”。试题答案：on8.考查介词搭配。sense of意为“的

13、感觉”试题答案：of9.考查介词搭配。根据后面的“But the sense of humor is uniquely human（但幽默感是人类特有的）”可知此处表示幽默感最为人类最重要的一个品质，应该被单独提出来。be signed out意为“被单独提出来”。试题答案：out10.考查介词搭配。share with意为“与分享，共用”。此句意为：勇气、决心、主动性这些是我们与其他生命形式共同拥有的品质。试题答案：with1.试题答案：缺乏的2.试题答案：给造成困扰，折磨3.试题答案：模式，刻板印象4.试题答案：极端分子，狂热者5.试题答案：讽刺6.试题答案：低沉的，阴暗的7.试题答案：补

14、偿8.试题答案：荒谬的9.试题答案：哭泣10.试题答案：创造性，主动性2. 问答题Another benefit of the study of history is the broad range of human experience which is Acovered. War and peace are certainly covered like are national and international affairs. However, Bmatters of culture (art, literature, and music) are also included in h

15、istorical study. Human nature is an important part of history: emotions like passion, greed, and insecurity have influenced the shaping of world affairs. Anyone who thinks that the study of history is boring has not really C Dstudied history.【答案】试题答案：B; as【解析】考查连词倒装。由系动词are被提到主语之前，可知此处用连词as（如何一样）构成倒

16、装。3. 填空题An earlier attempt (1) blunting, which made it illegal to (2) American-made components to Huawei, including advanced computer chips (3) which the Chinese firm relies, was not the knock-out blow the White (4) hoped it to be. Chipmakers were able to keep shipping Huawei semiconductors from fac

17、tories outside America. So on May 15th the Trump administration extended its restrictions from chips to the tools used to make themmany of which come from America. So (5) as big microprocessor producers, like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, use American-made equipment, they will no longe

18、r be able to forge Huawei-designed chips anywhere in the world.【答案】1.at2.sell3.on4.House5.long【解析】1.考查固定搭配。Attempt at表示“企图，努力；尝试”，这里句意为：早先美国试图。2.考查上下文语义。句意：在之前，美国将出售美国制造的组件（包括中国公司依赖的高端电脑芯片）给华为的行为定义为非法行为，但这次尝试并没有达到白宫预期的效果。3.语法题。此空所在句是一个定语从句，先行词是advanced computer chips（高端电脑芯片），后面的定语从句中，应该是介词on与rely构成搭

19、配，表示“依赖”。4.考查上下文语义。本段讲的是关于美国限制向华为出售高端电脑芯片组件的行为，因此此处应该填House,表示“白宫”。5.考查固定搭配。So long as表示“只要”。此处句意为：只要诸如像台积电（TSMC）之类的大型半导体供应商，使用美国制造的工具，他们就不能在世界任何地方制造华为定制芯片。4. 单选题Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines （廉价并且趣味低级的杂志）, the Bug-Eyed Mon

20、ster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In contrast to this unwarran

21、ted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change

22、 and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary from does quite the same things.What is science fiction? To b

23、egin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, it

24、covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.The first point that science fiction is a literary subgenre is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a n

25、ovel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Rossums Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known, the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fictio

26、n is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction.

27、 Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes i

28、n science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction

29、, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.1.Science fiction is called a literary subgenre because （ ）.2.The final sentence in the passage implies that（ ）.3.From the last paragraph, we know that people read science fiction especi

30、ally for（ ）.4.An appropriate title for this passage would be（ ）.5.According to the author, the popular image of science fiction is（ ）.问题1选项A.it is not important enough to be a literaiy genre.B.it cannot be made into a dramatic presentation.C.it shares characteristics with other types of prose fictio

31、n.D.to call it a “genre” would subject it to literary jargon.问题2选项A.The reader should turn next to commentaries on general fiction.B.There is no reason for any reader not to like science fiction.C.The reader should compare other novels and stories to science fiction.D.Those who can appreciate prose

32、fiction can appreciate science fiction.问题3选项A.the discovery of meaningB.the beauty of languageC.the display of characterD.the psychological complexity问题4选项A.On the Inaccuracies of Pulp MagazinesB.Toward a Definition of Science FictionC.A Type of Prose Fiction.D.Beyond the Bug-Eyed Monster.问题5选项A.pre

33、judicedB.impartialC.worthyD.admiring【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“ To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it

34、 shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.”可知科幻小说具有其他小说很多相同的特点，因此C选项“它与其他类型的散文小说有着共同的特点”符合题意。2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or

35、novel.”总之，阅读、欣赏科幻小说和任何其它故事或小说的原因以及研究和分析它们的方法基本上是同样的，可推测出能欣赏散文小说的那些人也能欣赏科幻小说，因为阅读它们的方法基本一样，因此选D。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him.”此外，与任何散文一样，科幻小说的主题关注于解释人类的本性以及人类与自身周围世界有关

36、的经历。因此A选项“发现意义”符合题意。4.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科幻小说的定义，并介绍了它的特点、主题以及与其他文学作品的相同点，因此选B。5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines.This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor.”

37、许多人似乎认为科幻小说的典型代表是一些廉价并且趣味低级的杂志的封面这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个有价值甚至重要的文学努力。可知作者认为人们对科幻小说的流行形象是有世俗偏见的，因此选A。5. 问答题The question I am asked most often nowadays is this: are we back to 2008 and another global Afinancial crisis and recession? My answer is a straightforward no, but that the recent episode of B Cglobal fi

38、nancial market turmoil is like to be more serious than any period of volatility and risk-off Dbehavior since 2009.【答案】试题答案：D; likely【解析】考查固定搭配。be likely to意为“可能”。6. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese into English.对于希望利用中国大量廉价劳动力的国内外企业来说，多年来，中国沿海制造业中心一直是生产基地的上上之选。然而，自今年5月份以来，中国境内劳资争端明显增多，加之人民币走强以及政府采

39、取行动遏制污染和产能过剩，表明这种低成本的生产模式己不再稳固。【答案】Over the years, Chinas coastal manufacturing center has always been the best choice for production bases for enterprises at home or abroad who want to take advantage of the large number of Chinese cheap labors. However, since May this year, the significant increase

40、 of industrial disputes, the appreciation of RMB as well as the actions adapted by governments in order to curb pollution and excess capacity show that this kind of production pattern in low cost is no longer stable.7. 填空题It doesnt matter which room a family chooses to gather in. It could be a favor

41、ite comer of the kitchen, or a wood paneled den. What does（ ）is that they choose to be together. For it is the support, the strength, the bonds and traditions of the family that give us what we all need most in life. All these can be found in a good home. Home is the stage where the drama of life is

42、 played, the classroom where children learn right（ ）wrong, and the place where old-fashioned ideals like courage and honesty, respect（ ） oneself and others are passed（ ） from one generation to the（ ） .We are concerned（ ） the erosion of these values that should be taught at home. We see the growing p

43、roblems of society broken homes, crime, drugs, and juvenile delinquency and are shocked by the trauma they inflict（ ） families, especially children. Our over-burdened schools can no longer（ ） these problems confronting our society. There is only one place where we can regain the values and integrity

44、 that will（ ） these ills. We must turn（ ） the home our piece of the world the place where it all begins.【答案】考查上下文语义。由前面的“It doesnt matter which room a family chooses to gather in.”一个家庭选择哪一个房间并不重要，可知填matter，此句意为：重要的是他们选择在一起。试题答案：matter考查介词搭配。from意为“（表示来源）来自”，learn right from wrong意为“明白是非”。试题答案：from考查

45、介词搭配。respect for意为“尊敬，尊重”。试题答案：for考查固定搭配。pass down意为“传下来，传承”。试题答案：down考查上下文语义。from one generation to the next意为“从一代到下一代”。试题答案：next考查介词搭配。be concerned about sth.意为“关心某事”。试题答案：about考查介词搭配。inflict on意为“使受痛苦”试题答案：on考查上下文语义。solve problems意为“解决问题”。试题答案：solve考查上下文语义。cure these ills意为“治疗这些疾病”。此句意为：只有在一个地方，我

46、们才能重获价值和诚信，才能治愈这些弊病。试题答案：cure考查介词搭配。turn to意为“转向”试题答案：to8. 问答题A pessimist might argue: why seek to preserve the human species? Should we not rather rejoice in the prospect of an end to the immense load of suffering and hate and fear which has hitherto darkened the life of Man? Should we not contempl

47、ate with rejoicing a new future for our planet, peaceful at last, sleeping quietly at last after coining to the end of the long nightmare of pain and horror?To any student of history contemplating the dreadful record of folly and cruelty and misery that has constituted most of human life hitherto, s

48、uch questions must come in moments of imaginative sympathy. Perhaps our survey may tempt us to acquiesce in an end, however tragic and however final, to a species so incapable of joy.But the pessimist has only half of the truth and to my mind the less important half. Man has not only the correlative

49、 capacities for cruelty and suffering, but also potentialities of greatness and splendor, realized, as yet, very partially, but showing what life might be in a freer and happier world. If Man will allow himself to grow to his full stature, what he may achieve is beyond our present capacity to imagin

50、e. Poverty, illness, and loneliness could become rare misfortunes. Reasonable expectation of happiness could dispel the night of fear in which too many now wander lost And with the progress of evolution, what is now the shining genius of an eminent few might become a common possession of the many. A

51、ll this is possible, indeed, probable, in the thousands of centuries that lie before us, if we do not rashly and madly destroy ourselves before we have reached the maturity that should be our goal. No, let us not listen to the pessimist, for, if we do, we are traitors to Mans future.1.What is the au

52、thors attitude towards Mans future?2.According to the author, our goal should be （ ）.【答案】1.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中“But the pessimist has only half of the truth and to my mind the less important half. No, let us not listen to the pessimist, for, if we do, we are traitors to Mans future.”可知作者对人类未来的态度是积极的。试题答案：

53、The authors sees Mans future in an optimistic, happy and hopeful attitude.2.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“if we do not rashly and madly destroy ourselves before we have reached the maturity that should be our goal”可知我们的目标应该成熟。试题答案：mature9. 翻译题Monetary policyIt is well known that there has never been a boom that is

54、 not linked with excessive money supply. Easy monetary policies consistently lead to booms and then to busts simply because they reduce interest rates, the cost of borrowing, for both (naive/noisy) investors and governments that, in rum, raise private (i.e. durable goods, real estate) and government

55、 spending beyond their ability to meet their debt obligations.The practice of expansionary monetary policy leads to capital misallocation as it favors short-term spending at the expense of long-term spending (investing less in long-term projects). That is, it creates a savings-investment gap that re

56、duces the capital formation required for the economy to grow, which renders a high fraction of its existing capital stock obsolete. This low interest rate policy, an outcome of quantitative easing, in Turn, has an adverse, effect on productivity forcing capital to migrate in foreign/emerging markets

57、 in order to realize higher returns. In other words, excessive money supply fails to increase real economic activity because it raises the labor cost while it lowers the cost of capital. Depressing yields at home, as a result of quantitative easing, in an open economy setting, leads yield-seeking in

58、vestors into higher-risk investments such as emerging markets.【答案】货币政策众所周知，从来没有一次经济繁荣不与过渡发行货币有关。宽松的货币政策总是会先促使经济繁荣，但最后导致经济衰退因为利率降低，就为（天真/聒噪）投资者和政府节省了借贷的成本，而反过来促进他们会以超出能力之外的水平来扩大个人（比如耐用品、房地产） 和政府的消费，以此满足债券的发行。扩张性的货币政策会导致资本的配置不当，因为它倾向于短期支出，而牺牲长期支出(减少对长期项目的投资)。也就是说，扩张性的货币政策会产生储蓄-投资之间的鸿沟，继而减少经济增长所需要的资本积累

59、，这呈现出既有的资本存放过时的信息。作为量化宽松的结果，低利率政策反过来对生产力产生反作用力，迫使资本迁入国外/新兴市场，从而实现更高的回报。换句话说，过度发行货币不能增加真正的经济活力，因为它增长了劳动力成本而降低了资本成本。在一个开放的经济环境下，量化宽松的另一结果是国内的效益不佳，导致寻求效益投资者进入高风险投资，比如新兴市场。10. 翻译题Translate the following English into Chinese.Historically, economists have said that well-being is a simple function of incom

60、e. However, it has bean found that once wealth reaches a subsistence level, its effectiveness as a generator of well-being is greatly diminished. This paradox has been referred to as the Easter in paradox. This means that aspirations increase with income; after basic needs are met; relative rather t

61、han absolute income levels influence well-being. Happiness economists hope to change the way governments view well-being and how to most effectively govern and allocate resources given this paradox. However, other research suggests that no paradox exists, and happiness is linearly related to the log

62、arithm of absolute (real, PPP-adjusted) income, with little or no relative income component.Money correlates with happiness, but the rate diminishes with more money. In 2010, two economists found that higher earners generally reported better life satisfaction, but peoples day-to-day emotional well-being only rose with earnings