2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题79（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题A careful daily reading of the newspaper will （ ）the reader as to what is happening.问题1选项A.acquaintB.adviseC.enlightenD.appreciate【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。acquaint“使了解，使熟知”；advise “劝告”；enlighten “启发，开导”；appreciate “欣赏，赏识”。句意：每天仔细阅读报纸能启发读者，使他们知道正在发生的事情。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Teena

2、gers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you havent cheeked

3、 the price tags lately on some of the younger generations must-haves.To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous. Why do some parents give in?One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According to the group Adbusters, teenagers

4、 are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-, and skin-filled shows on MTV and youve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.The pressures on parents today are enormous,n says

5、 Tom Vogele, a single father of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.Many working parents probably compensate by spen

6、ding money on their kids, says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money is also often more convenient in

7、our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.Its easier to say lets go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said.For many families, of course, keeping up with their childrens costly demands for designer clothi

8、ng, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving children

9、 the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says.And dont be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsibility as parents, he said.1.In the f

10、irst paragraph, “Northbrook is most probably （ ）.2.Some people find it outrageous that（ ）.3.What is the effect of marketing through mass media?4.According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly because（ ）.5.What does Marshall think parents should do with the childrens sp

11、ending habit?问题1选项A.a market research company based in IllinoisB.a spokesman for the Teenage Research UnlimitedC.the base of the Teenage Research UnlimitedD.the city where the spending survey was carried out问题2选项A.some parents indulge their children in extravagant spendingB.some younger generations

12、must-haves could cost so muchC.some parents are ignorant about their childrens spendingD.some children disregard their notorious spending habits问题3选项A.It fills the market with ads beyond the youngs understanding.B.It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising.C.It stuffs all kinds o

13、f ads into TV shows and radio programs.D.It triggers young peoples desire to keep up with the trend.问题4选项A.they cant afford the time to stay with their children.B.they want to make up their guilt for their children.C.they find it more convenient than going out with the children.D.they feel it is har

14、d to raise children without indulging them问题5选项A.They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.B.They should restrain the childrens spending within limits.C.They should be responsible for providing for the children.D.They should draw up a budget plan for the children.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5

15、题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited提到了Northbrook，后面跟了一个同位语来解释说明Northbrook，所以可以得知Northbrook是一个市场调研集团。选项A符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句To some,

16、such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous提到对一些人来说，年轻人在奢侈品上花太多钱让他们无法容忍。选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提到青少年受各种大众媒体的影响很大。各种形式的广告不断告诉他们如果想适应这个社会，就应该拥有某些东西。选项D符合题意。4.文章第六段提到很多父母没有时间陪伴孩子，因而感到愧疚（For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home），于是，便

17、通过多给孩子零用钱作为补偿（Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids）。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到父母应该告诉孩子如何做预算，如何节省，而不是一味地放任。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once wide

18、ly spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the

19、 most successful of Europes regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the countrys three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the se

20、cond anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 14O4.The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. Th

21、e partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of clubScotland, Northern Ireland, and Walesa bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusias

22、m for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is

23、 spent It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildin

24、gs that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe -only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard

25、of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like

26、 salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means land of compatriots, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nations symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very r

27、ecent time most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National

28、Eisteddfod, Waless annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence, Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture

29、 and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. We used to think. We cant do anything, were only Welsh. Now I think thats changing.1.According to the passage, devolution was mainly meat to （ ）.2.The word “cent

30、rifogal” in the second paragraph mesas（ ）.3.Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT（ ）.4.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity（ ）.5.According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is（ ）.问题1选项A.maintain to the passage, de

31、volution was mainly meat toB.reduce legislative powers of England.C.create a better state of equality among the nationsD.grant more say to all the nations in the union.问题2选项A.separatistB.conventionalC.feudalD.political问题3选项A.peoples desire for devolution.B.locals turnout for the votingC.powers of th

32、e legislative body.D.status of the national language.问题4选项A.Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B.Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C.A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D.The national symbol has become a familiar sight.问题5选项A.peoples mentality.B.

33、pop culture.C.towns appearance.D.possibilities for the people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.devotion出现在文章第二段第三句The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom，该句提到为了恢复大不列颠各成员国之间的平衡而采取了权利下放，devolution 是“权利下放”的意思。选项C提到的“创建一个更好的平等状态”与

34、“恢复各成员国间的平衡”意思相近，符合题意。2.centrifugal出现在文章第二段最后一句a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union，可推测centrifugal应与union意思相反，是威胁联盟团结的事物，选项A “分离主义”符合题意。3.文章第三段第一句The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution提到威尔士人对权利下放热情很低，但苏格兰人却不一样（Whereas the Scots

35、voted overwhelmingly）由此可知选项A是两者的区别，排除；第三段第二句Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent提到苏格兰以压倒性的多数投票选举会，而威尔士的投票人数低于了25%，选项B “投票选举的出席人数”也是二者的区别，排除；第三段提到威尔士与苏格兰不同的地方之一是没有立法权（It can

36、not, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws），选项C排除。因此，选项D符合题意。4.文章第三段倒数第二句Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty提到威尔士从欧盟得到近两百万美元解决贫困问题。但是这里主要是对威尔士情况的介绍，并非国家地位复兴的例子，所以选项B符合题意。5.文章最后两段提到Dyfan Jones的看法。他认为威尔士人天生缺乏信心（There was almost a geneti

37、c tendency for lack of confidence），接着提到了人们开始改变“We used to think. We cant do anything, were only Welsh. Now I think thats changing”，他们变得有信心。由此可知，威尔士人的心态发生了变化。选项A符合题意。4. 翻译题Translate the .following short paragraphs into English本世纪初，小麦简直就是加拿大西部的命脉。小麦收成好，经济则繁荣；小麦歉收， 经济则萧条。城市中大街小巷的人们都在关注着小麦的收成和价格，这种心情就好像

38、他 们就是种植者一样。小麦的市场行情成了人们的热门话题。战争使西部粮食市场发生了许多戏剧性的变化。多年以来，农民们不信任在粮食交 易所从事的粮食投机买卖。秋季的麦价一般都较低，但是农民们等不到市场好转。他们 常常在小麦一收割后就卖掉，过后则眼睁睁看着小麦涨价，投机者从中发财。在各种时 机，农民团体曾多次要求政府对市场严加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到战争期间， 麦价有失控的危险时，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通货膨胀和生活费用上涨，联邦 政府设立了一个粮食监督委员会来处理从1917年至1918年的粮食收缴工作。【答案】At the beginning of this century, whea

39、t was the lifeline of West of Canada. The economy would prosper if there was a good harvest, otherwise the economy would be depressed. People in urban areas all paid attention to the harvest and price of wheat, as if they were the planters. And the market condition of wheat became a hot topic.War ha

40、s brought about numerous dramatic changes in western grain market. For many years, farmers have never been trusting grain speculation activities. Generally, the price was relatively low in fall, however, they could not wait the high price. They would sell wheat once harvested, and could only see spe

41、culators gain great benefit from the increasing of wheat price. During various periods of time, farmer groups had required the governments to carry out strict control upon the grain market, but the government wouldnt willing to intervene until the price was lost control during the war. As it became

42、urgent to control inflation and living expenses, the Federal government set up the Grain Oversight Committee to deal with the buying and selling of grain during 1917 to 1918.5. 单选题Malaysia and Indonesia rely much on open markets for forest and fishery products, （ ）, some Asian countries are highly p

43、rotectionist.问题1选项A.deliberatelyB.converselyC.evidentlyD.naturally【答案】B【解析】考察副词词义辨析。deliberately “故意地，谨慎地”；conversely “相反地”；evidently “显然，明显地”；naturally “自然地”。句意：马来西亚和印度尼西亚依靠林业和渔业产品开放市场。相反，亚洲一些国家实行高度的保护。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it （ ）when it is within t

44、he legal and moral boundaries of society.问题1选项A.compactedB.dispersedC.delayedD.restricted【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。compacted “压缩；压紧”；dispersed “分散；传播”；delayed “延迟”；restricted “限制”。句意：我们都有自由选择权，不喜欢在社会的法律和道德界限内看到自由被限制。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is （ ）in com

45、mercials.问题1选项A.draftedB.depictedC.allegedD.permeated【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。 drafted “设计；挑选”; depicted “描述;描画”;alleged “宣称”；permeated “弥漫”。句意：艾伦将很快发现实际生活很少像广告中描绘的那样简单。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The （ ）effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didnt want to do sports every day.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.formi

46、dableC.eternalD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。cumulative “累积的”；formidable “可怕的，可畏的”；eternal “永恒的”；prospective “预期的，有希望的”。句意：多种病一齐发作使得他身体孱弱，但是他仍然不愿意去运动。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Such an approach forces the managers to communicate with one another and helps （ ）rigid departmental boundaries.问题1选项A.pass overB.stand

47、 forC.break downD.set off【答案】C【解析】考察动词词组辨析。pass over “越过，忽略”；stand for “代表，支持”；break down “分解；消除；失败；发生故障”；set off “出发，引起”。句意：这种方法迫使经理们相互交流，帮助他们消除严格的部门界限。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题If would be difficult for one so （ ）to be led to believe that all men are equal and that we must disregard race, color, and creed.问题

48、1选项A.emotionalB.broadmindedC.tolerantD.intolerant【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。emotional “感情的”；broadminded “愿意听取不同意见的”；tolerant “忍耐的”；intolerant “不能容忍的，偏狭的”。句意：很难让偏狭的人相信众人是平等的，我们拒绝种族、肤色、宗教。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Bruce Stephen gripped （ ）the wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.问题1选项A.stirringB.drivingC.steeringD.

49、revolving【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stirring “激起”；driving “驾驶”；steering “掌舵”；revolving “旋转”。句意：当汽车上下弹跳时Bruce Stephen 仅仅抓住了方向盘。选项C符合题意。12. 翻译题Translate the following short paragraphs into English理性的、勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：对第一类人而言，工作就是工作，娱乐 就是娱乐；对第二类人而言，工作和娱乐是相结合的。前者占多数。他们可以得到相应的报酬。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作，不仅能够带给他们维持生计的金钱，还带给他们

50、一种渴求娱乐的强烈欲望，哪怕这种娱乐消遣是以最简单、最单纯的方式进行的。 而第二类人则是命运的宠儿，他们的生活自然而和谐。在他们的眼里，工作时间永远不够多，每天都是假期；而真正的假日到来时，他们总会抱怨自己有趣的休假被强行中断。事实上，有一些东西对于这两类人来说都十分必要，那就是变换一下角度，改变一下环境，尝试做点不同的事情。实际上，那些把工作看作娱乐的人可能需要以某种方式将工作不时地从自己的大脑里赶出去。【答案】Rational, industrious and useful man can be classified into two groups: for the first group

51、, work is work and entertainment is entertainment; for the second group, work and entertainment are one. The former group are the majority. They have their corresponding payment. The long hours in the office or the factory bring enough money to support family, as well as a strong desire to obtain pl

52、easure, even in its simplest and more modest forms. The second group are Fortunes favored children. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and when ordinary holidays come, they always complain that their interesting holidays are inte

53、rrupted forcibly.In fact, it is essential for both two groups to change the outlook, atmosphere and environment and try something different. Indeed, those who regard work as entertainment should banish work from their minds in some way.13. 单选题I want something（ ） placed in this window so that no one

54、will be able to watch me.问题1选项A.crotchetyB.opaqueC.inductiveD.incongruous【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。crotchety “有怪想的”；opaque “不透明的”；inductive “感应的；诱导的”；incongruous “不协调的，不一致的”。句意：我想放一些不透明的东西到窗户上，这样就没人能看见我了。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art histo

55、rians, their final evaluations of it necessarily remain （ ）.问题1选项A.arbitraryB.estimableC.unspokenD.equivocal【答案】D【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。arbitrary “任意的，任性的”；estimable “值得尊敬的”；unspoken “未说出口的，不言而喻的”；equivocal “模棱两可的，意义不确的”。句意：因为艺术家既不会完全否认也不接受民间艺术是一种艺术形式，他们关于它（民间艺术）的评论是模棱两可的。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题A budget approved by

56、the European Parliament for the European Economic Community was declared adopted Tuesday despite opposition by ministers. The president of the Parliament, Simone Veil, signed the $24.2 billion 1982 budget, （1）the EEC into its third（2） budget conflict.Minutes after receiving a（3） from ministers to（4）

57、 the signing to give time to work out a（5） ，Veil told Britains Financial Secretary to the Treasury, Nicholas Ridley, she had adopted the budget.Ridley told reporters（6） speaking to Veil by telephone, She has adopted it, and she is absolutely（7） that the ministers should write to her in this way with

58、out （8） consultation”.EEC sources（9） most member states would probably（10） to make full payments to the budget as adopted, and the conflict was likely to（11） well into next year.The ministers letter to Veil,（12） after a meeting in Brussels Tuesday, （13） of serious consequences（14） the budget were ad

59、opted.“The council of ministers appeals to you to put off tile adoption of the 1982 budget（15） a consensus can be found . it said.The adoption（16） six months of tortuous negotiations between the 434-member Assembly and EEC budget ministers over 1982（17） .（18） was blocked in the（19） by parliaments ad

60、dition earlier this month of some $250 million much of it for jobs programs.The number of people out of（20） in the EEC in November reached a record of almost 10 million or nine percent of the working population, according to the EEC statistics office.问题1选项A.undergoingB.confrontingC.plungingD.convert

61、ing问题2选项A.consecutiveB.consequentC.sequentialD.preceding问题3选项A.bulkB.pleaC.honorD.grant问题4选项A.delayB.detainC.prolongD.extend问题5选项A.cooperationB.combinationC.compromiseD.coincidence问题6选项A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.as问题7选项A.furiousB.cautiousC.apprehensiveD.nervous问题8选项A.urgentB.crucialC.priorD.durable问题9选

62、项A.saidB.questionedC.toldD.addressed问题10选项A.contradictB.denyC.refuseD.concede问题11选项A.stretchB.lastC.gearD.proceed问题12选项A.outlinedB.draftedC.polishedD.compiled问题13选项A.warnedB.disposedC.dreamtD.conceived问题14选项A.even ifB.ifC.so thatD.for问题15选项A.untilB.whileC.althoughD.since问题16选项A.characterizedB.followedC.stimulated