2022年考研-考研英语二考试题库1

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1、米宝宝科技2022年考研-考研英语二考试题库题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共20题)1.根据下面资料，回答31-35题The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishingAmazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp m

2、essaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives. promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon

3、 as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are cur

4、rently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared t

5、o the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvan

6、tage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from themand and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all oth

7、er media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital li

8、ves yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect users because_.A. they are not defined

9、 as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers正确答案：A,2.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1to how they can b

10、est 2such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.4they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5that comes from achieving success and kn

11、owing that their accomplishments are 6by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,8, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9student artwork, and

12、sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13visible

13、 in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participant

14、s 17. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19for roles that are within their 20and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules._A. similarB. longC. differentD. short 正确答案：D,3.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yours

15、elf regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale.

16、 That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of

17、the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day

18、and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly w

19、eight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and we

20、ll-being. Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 Im training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn yo

21、ur focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.第（12）题选A. approve ofB. hold ontoC. account forD. depend on正确答案：C,4.根据下面资料，回答36-40题Were fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-mi

22、nute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed thin slicing, the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructors overall effectiveness. Their rating

23、s correlated strongly with students end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Cri

24、tically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures of utterances, rather than letting the complex in

25、terplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows were better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from th

26、in slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. Its as if youre driving a stick shift, says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, and if you start thinking about it too much, you cant remember what youre doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, youre fine. Much of our so

27、cial life is like that. Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts opinions when the students werent asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both

28、objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complexwhen they had a lot of information to process.Intuitions special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants complete

29、d a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (gut feelings, hunches, my

30、heart ). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected,and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.In Ambadys study, rating accuracy dropped when participants_.A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shor

31、ter video clipsD. discussed with one another正确答案：B,5.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1to how they can best 2such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3, but not just in ways that emph

32、asize competition.4they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6by others. However, the typical teenage lifesty

33、le is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,8, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10opportunitie

34、s for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young te

35、ens have 14attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18, they can help

36、students acquire a sense of commitment by 19for roles that are within their 20and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules._A. offB. downC. outD. alone 正确答案：B,6.There is now no doubt that the world is getting warmer. Data from both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres shows an upwar

37、d trend in average temperatures over the 1hundred years. At the moment most scientists are not 2to stick their necks out and 3a cause to this trend. It is possible that it represents a natural climatic change caused by a 4increase in the suns 5output. But these same scientists are 6aware that recent

38、 temperature changes are at the limit of known natural 7it seems increasingly likely that the 8is an enhanced greenhouse effect.The basic theory of the greenhouse effect is quite simple. The earths atmosphere consists 9of oxygen and nitrogen, but there are small 10of various “greenhouse” gasesnotabl

39、y carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methanewhich play a very important role in maintaining the planets “11balance”. As their name suggests these gases have a similar effect to 12in a greenhouse: they let heat from the sun 13, and keep it in.The atmosphere is 14transparent to the visible solar radiati

40、on, which warms the earth (ground or oceans) on which it falls. 15it has been heated, the earth is warmer than space and 16energy in the form of invisible long-wave infrared radiation. This 17for nighttime cooling. Greenhouse gases absorb some of this long-wave radiation, and 18it in the lower atmos

41、phere.The gases therefore act rather like a blanket by preventing some infrared radiation from leaving the earth-atmosphere system. 19certain limits, the more greenhouse gases present, the more infra-red radiation will become 20, and the higher the surface temperature of the earth._A. dramaticB. gra

42、dualC. swiftD. moderate正确答案：B,7.Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1t

43、hat technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3holds that the future will be a wasteland of

44、a different sort, one 4by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5, people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6, todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depress

45、ion, double the rate for 7Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9poorly-educated, middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11f

46、ollow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14strikingly different circumstances for the f

47、uture of labor and leisure. Today, the 15of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16for most workers, peop

48、le use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel 18,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19a hobby or a p

49、assion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20matters._A. characterizedB. dividedC. balancedD. measured正确答案：A,8.根据下面资料，回答26-30题For years, studies have found that first-generation college studentsthose who do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a range of education

50、 achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a paradox in that recruiti

51、ng first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the a

52、rticle is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The

53、authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation student

54、s(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the

55、view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first

56、-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources, they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of stud

57、ents. Because U. S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect studentseducational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve. The study suggests that most first-generati

58、on students_.A. study at private universitiesB. are from single-parent familiesC. are in need of financial supportD. have failed their college正确答案：C,9.Most London colleges have a library, with a full-time librarian who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consult

59、ing or borrowing books. 1the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students 2colleges, evening classes or working 3. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and the various London Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to 4their studies by using the compreh

60、ensive library 5available in the metropolitan area. These libraries have over five million books in 6, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of inter- availability of 7tickets which extends 8the metropolitan area. Reference departments are provided for the use of those who wish t

61、o 9books and periodicals on library 10, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias which cannot be taken out 11.Public library stocks are of a general nature, 12all subjects, many of them to higher degree standard or 13. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area 14in a group of inte

62、r-related subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined 15are made generally available 16, through the inter-lending system of the British Library（Lending division），it is usually possible for books not available in London public libraries 17from specialist libraries

63、. Music 18, for example，include miniature scores and 19records. Full details of these various services can be obtained from the Central Library in each area. Addresses and telephone numbers are fisted in the London telephone 20._A. allB. throughoutC. overD. within 正确答案：B,10.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly si