2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前模拟强化练习题52（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When doing business with an Arab, you have to endure hours of small talk, waiting for the topic of commerce to be broached.问题1选项A.brokenB.raisedC.solvedD.concluded【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broken“折断；打碎；损坏”；B选项raised“提高，举起；使（面包）发酵；抚育，抚养”；C选项solved“解决；解答”；D选项concluded“结束；推

2、断；作结论”。句意：当你和一个阿拉伯人做生意时，你不得不忍受几个小时的闲聊，等待商业的话题被提起。本句关键词be broached表示“被提出”，be raised可以做同义替换，表示被提出。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题It may have been because of the weather, or （ ） it may have been the result of indigestion.问题1选项A.alternativeB.alternativelyC.alternateD.alternately【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项alternative“供选择的；选择性的；交

3、替的”；B选项alternatively“要不，或者；非此即彼；二者择一地；作为一种选择”；C选项alternate“交替的，轮流的；间隔的”；D选项alternately“交替地；轮流地；隔一个地”。根据空格位置可以判断出此处需要填入一个副词修饰句子，排除A选项和C选项。句意：这可能是由于天气，也可能是消化不良的结果。本句表示“在消化不良和天气这两个原因中选一个”，因此B选项正确。3. 不定项选择题For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read lette

4、rs, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（1）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（2）can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us ar

5、e（3）readers. Most of us develop poor reading（4）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（5）in the actual stuff of language itselfwords. Taken individually, words have（6）meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（7）, however, the untrained reade

6、r does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to（8）words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over（9）you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which（10）down the speed of reading is vocalizationsounding each word eit

7、her orally or mentally as （11）reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use device called an（12）, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate（13）the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator

8、 forces the reader to read fast, （14）word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first（15）is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, （16）your comprehension will improve. Many people have found（17）reading

9、 skill drastically improved after some training.（18）Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading was a reasonably good 172 words a minute（19）the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can（20）a lot more reading material in a short period of tim

10、e.问题1选项A.applyingB.doingC.gettingD.offering问题2选项A.easilyB.quicklyC.roughlyD.decidedly问题3选项A.goodB.curiousC.urgentD.poor问题4选项A.trainingB.simulationsC.habitsD.custom问题5选项A.combinesB.liesC.touchesD.involves问题6选项A.someB.a lotC.dullD.little问题7选项A.UnfortunatelyB.In factC.LogicallyD.Fortunately问题8选项A.reuse

11、B.rewriteC.rereadD.recite问题9选项A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if问题10选项A.scalesB.cutsC.measuresD.slows问题11选项A.someoneB.heC.oneD.reader问题12选项A.actorB.acceleratorC.amplifierD.observer问题13选项A.thenB.asC.thanD.beyond问题14选项A.enablingB.makingC.leadingD.indicating问题15选项A.meaningB.gistC.comprehensionD.regression问题16选项A.

12、forB.norC.orD.but问题17选项A.ourB.yourC.theirD.such a问题18选项A.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider问题19选项A.forB.inC.afterD.before问题20选项A.get throughB.go overC.presentD.master【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A选项applyi

13、ng“申请”；B选项doing“做”；C选项getting“得到”；D选项offering“提供”。句意：在得到一份工作或在一份工作中取得进步时。因此C选项符合题意。第2题:考查副词辨析。A选项 easily“轻松地”；B选项quickly“迅速地”；C选项roughly“粗糙地”；D选项decidedly“果断地”。句意：快速阅读和理解的能力意味着成功和失败的区别。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的”；B选项curious“好奇的”；C选项urgent“急迫的”；D选项poor“差劲的”。句意：我们大多数人都不善于阅读。因此D选项符合题意。第4题:考查名词辨析。

14、A选项training“训练”；B选项simulations“模拟”；C选项habits“习惯”；D选项custom“风俗”。句意：我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不好的阅读习惯。因此C选项符合题意。第5题:考查动词辨析。A选项combines“结合”；B选项lies“在于”；C选项touches“触及”；D选项involves“涉及”。句意：主要的缺陷在于语言本身的实质。因此B选项符合题意。第6题:考查形容词辨析。A选项some“某些的”；B选项a lot“许多的”；C选项dull“迟钝的”；D选项little“很少的”。句意：单独来看，单词在组成短语、句子和段落之前没有什么意义。因此D选项

15、符合题意。第7题:考查副词辨析。A选项Unfortunately“不幸地”；B选项In fact“事实上”；C选项Logically“合乎逻辑地”；D选项Fortunately“幸运地”。句意：然而不幸的是，未经训练的读者不会阅读一组单词。因此A选项符合题意。第8题:考查动词辨析。A选项reuse“再次使用”；B选项rewrite“重写”；C选项reread“重读”；D选项recite“背诵”。句意：常常回头再读一些单词或段落。因此C选项符合题意。第9题:考查宾语从句。B选项“what”引导宾语从句，what you have just read表示你刚刚读过的东西；A选项which“哪一个”

16、；C选项that“那个”，D选项“如果”。因此B选项符合题意。第10题:考查动词辨析。A选项scales“衡量”；B选项cuts“削减”；C选项measures“测量”；D选项slows“减慢”。句意：另一个减慢阅读速度的习惯是发声。因此D选项符合题意。第11题:考查代词辨析。A选项someone“某人”；B选项he“他”；C选项one“一个人”；D选项reader“读者”。句意：在一个人阅读时。因此C选项符合题意。第12题:考查名词辨析。A选项actor“演员”；B选项accelerator“加速器”；C选项amplifier“放大器”；D选项observer“观察者”。句意：使用了加速阅读

17、的设备。因此B选项符合题意。第13题:考查形容词比较级。A选项then“那时”；B选项as“如同”；C选项than“比”；D选项beyond“超越”。句意：标准设定在比读者觉得舒服的稍快一点的速度。前文的faster和than连用，表示比更快。因此C选项符合题意。第14题:考查动词辨析。A选项enabling“能够”；B选项making“使得”；C选项leading“引导”；D选项indicating“表明”。句意：使得逐字阅读、回过头去读和默读变得几乎不可能。因此B选项符合题意。第15题:考查名词辨析。A选项meaning“意义”；B选项gist“要旨”；C选项comprehension“理

18、解”；D选项regression“回归”。句意：一开始为了速度而牺牲了理解。因此C选项符合题意。第16题:考查连词辨析。A选项for“因为”；B选项nor“也不”；C选项or“或者”；D选项but“而是”。句意：你不仅会读得更快，你的理解能力也会提高。前文的not only和but连用，表示不仅，而且。因此D选项符合题意。第17题:考查代词辨析。A选项our“我们的”；B选项your“你的”；C选项their“他们的”；D选项such a“这样的”。句意：许多人发现，经过一些训练后他们的阅读技能有了很大的提高。their指代前文的many people。因此C选项符合题意。第18题:考查固定搭

19、配。A选项Look at“看”；B选项Take“拿”；C选项Make“做”；D选项Consider“考虑”。句意：以业务经理查尔斯欧为例。take sth. for instance是固定搭配，表示以为例。因此B选项符合题意。第19题:考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项in“在里面”；C选项after“在之后”；D选项before“在之前”。句意：他在培训前的阅读能力相当不错。因此D选项符合题意。第20题:考查动词辨析。A选项get through“做完”；B选项go over“重温”；C选项present“展现”；D选项master“掌握”。句意：他很高兴自己能在短时间内读完更多的阅

20、读材料。因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题Rumor is the most（1）way of spreading stories by passing them on from mouth（2）mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better（3）of news than rumor. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and（4），（5），rumor; （6）and becomes widespread. At such （7）th

21、e different kinds of news are in（8）， the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine. Especially（9）rumors spread when war requires censorship（审查，检查）on many important matters. The customary news sources no longer（10）enough information. Since the people cannot learn .（11） legitimate （合法的，正规的）cha

22、nnels all （12）they are anxious to learn, they pick up news （13）they can and when this（14）, rumor thrives. Rumors are often repeated（15）by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is（16）the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hear

23、ts of the victims -the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to（17）directly. Pessimistic (悲观的) rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are（18）and anxious（19）rumors about record production or peace soon coming point to complacency (满足，自得)

24、or confidence - and often to（20）.问题1选项A.primitiveB.importantC.impossibleD.outstanding问题2选项A.tillB.toC.forD.by问题3选项A.meansB.waysC.sourcesD.resource问题4选项A.confusionB.peaceC.prosperityD.worried问题5选项A.andB.howeverC.soD.therefore问题6选项A.emergesB.immergeC.immerseD.immense问题7选项A.timeB.the timesC.timesD.the

25、time问题8选项A.competeB.competitionC.commonD.harmony问题9选项A.doB.didC.areD.were问题10选项A.give upB.give offC.give outD.send off问题11选项A.throughB.byC.inD.across问题12选项A.whatB.whyC.whichD.that问题13选项A.whereverB.whereC.whateverD.what问题14选项A.happenedB.would happenC.happensD.happen问题15选项A.everB.evenC.foreverD.much问题

26、16选项A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how问题17选项A.actB.voiceC.behaveD.do问题18选项A.happyB.relievedC.crazyD.worried问题19选项A.BadB.PessimisticC.OptimisticD.Good问题20选项A.overconfidenceB.overweightC.over considerateD.overproduce【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:A第12题:D第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:B第

27、18题:D第19题:C第20题:A【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。primitive “原始的”；important “重要的”； impossible “不可能的”；outstanding “杰出的”。根据后一句“but civilized countries ” (但是文明国家)，可知空格处应该填入一个与civilized想对应的词，因此选项A符合题意。2.考查固定搭配。from mouth to mouth “口口相传”，选项B符合题意。3.考查名词词义辨析。means “手段，方法”；ways “方法”；sources “来源”；resource “资源”。后一句提到的radio, t

28、elevision, and newspapers都是消息的来源，因此选项C符合题意。4.考查词义辨析。confusion “混乱；混淆”；peace “和平”；prosperity “繁荣，成功”；worried “担心的”。前面提到在正常时期（in normal times），消息有很多其他来源，空格处所在句子后半句提到“谣言又开始传播”说明不是在正常时期，因此选项A符合题意。5.考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句子前面的句子讲的是正常时期（in normal times），后面讲的是紧张混乱时期（in times of stress and confusion），前后是转折关系，因此选项B符合题

29、意。6.考查动词词义辨析。emerge “出现”；immerge “浸入”；immerse “沉浸，使陷入”；immense “巨大的”，形容词。根据空格处后面的“become widespread”(传播很广)可知前面是“谣言出现”，因此选项A符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。such times 或者 such a time，因此选项C符合题意。8.考查词义辨析。compete “竞争”，动词；competition “竞争；比赛”，名词；common “普通，平民”，名词， “共同的，普通的”，形容词；harmony “协调；和睦”。根据空格处后面的内容“the press, televisi

30、on, and radio versus the grapevine”可知是这几种媒体与小道消息对抗，因此选项B符合题意。9.考查逻辑关系。空格处后面是一个完整的句子，因此空格处填入的词是对谓语动词的强调，且时态是一般现在时，因此选项A符合题意。10.考查词组辨析。give up “放弃”；give off “发出（光等）”；give out “分发，发出”；send off “寄出；派遣”。根据后面的名词information，可知只有C选项与之搭配合理。11.考查介词辨析。根据空格处后面的legitimate channels (正规渠道)可知“人们通过这些渠道知晓”，因此，与channe

31、l搭配的介词是through, 选项A符合题意。12.考查定语从句。先行词是all，因此引导词只能用that，选项D符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。Since引导原因状语从句，“因为人们不能通过正规的渠道获取他们想要的信息”，可以推测主句讲的是“他们从各处能获得消息的地方收集消息”，所以选项A符合题意。14.考查时态。根据空格处后面的rumor thrives可知此处是一般现在时，所以选项C符合题意。15.考查逻辑关系。空格处前面是“谣言经常流传”，空格处后面是“在那些不相信的人中”，前后是递进关系，选项B符合题意“谣言甚至会在那些不相信的人中间流传”。16.考查表语从句。空格处填入的词引导一个

32、表语从句，且不在从句中做任何成分，因此选项A符合题意。17.考查动词词义辨析。act “扮演，表现”；voice “表达，吐露”；behave “表现”；do “做”。空格处所在句子的大意是：他们不愿意直接表露出来。选项B符合题意。18.考查形容词词义辨析。happy “高兴”；relieved “放心的”；crazy “疯狂的”；worried “担心的”。主语是pessimistic rumors (悲观的谣言)，这种谣言会让人“担心且忧虑”，因此选项D符合题意。19.考查形容词词义辨析。前面提到pessimistic rumors, 此处应与之相对，所以选项C符合题意。20.考查名词词义

33、辨析。overconfidence “自负；过分相信”；overweight “超重”；over considerate “过度体贴”；overproduce “过度生产”。 前面提到了complacency or confidence，空格处在此基础上递进，因此选项A符合题意。5. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.经过改革开放30多年的努力，中国经济实力不断增强，国民生产总值大幅提升。 中国人口多、底子薄，面临城乡区域发展不平衡、科技创新能力不强等问题。中国要实 现现代化建设的目标还需要长期艰苦奋斗。中国面临的问题只有通过发展才能解决

34、。我 们将坚持把发展作为第一要务，努力推动经济社会又好又快发展。【答案】Over the past 30 years since reform and opening-up, Chinas economy has enjoyed continuous growth and its GDP has risen to a much higher level. China, a country with a big population and weak economic foundation, is confronted with some challenges, including develo

35、pment disparities between the urban and rural areas and among different regions, inadequate innovation capabilities and so on. To achieve modernization, we must make persistent and strenuous effort. And we can only overcome our difficulties through development. We will continue to take development a

36、s our top priority and make every effort to achieve sound and rapid economic and social development.6. 单选题Her husband felt it would be silly to（ ）the color of the curtains before they had painted the room.问题1选项A.chooseB.findC.carryD.charge【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。choose “选择”； find “发现，寻找”； carry “拿，带”； cha

37、rge “充电；对索费”。根据silly “愚蠢的”与before they had painted the room “在给房间上油漆之前”可知“选择窗帘颜色”符合语境，选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Mario was awarded the medal for displaying professional（ ）of the highest order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.问题1选项A.supervisionB.intelligenceC.solutionD.competence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。supervision

38、“监督”； intelligence “智力；才智”solution “解决办法”； competence “能力，胜任”。根据关键词professional “专业的”及rescue attempts “救援努力”可推断此处讲的是“专业能力”，因此选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Duke Ellingtons（ ）orchestration techniques made him perhaps the most remarkable artist that jazz has produced.问题1选项A.melodiousB.lyricalC.intricateD.clever【答案】A【解

39、析】考查形容词辨析。A选项melodious“悦耳的，旋律优美的”；B选项lyrical“抒情诗调的，感情丰富的”；C选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”；D选项clever“聪明的”。句意：艾灵顿公爵优美的管弦乐编曲技巧使他成为爵士乐中最杰出的艺术家。本句表示管弦乐的编曲旋律优美。因此A选项正确。9. 不定项选择题Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.Occasionally the movement of a family away from a s

40、ituation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed res

41、pectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the impor

42、tance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions and stab

43、ility. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within

44、 a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work s

45、chedules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents.Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between racial classes. This occurs almos

46、t exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in

47、 ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home.When individual family members are ex

48、posed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.1. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because（ ）.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE ab

49、out people living in a traditional family according to the passage?3. Which of the following statements can summarize the passage?4. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which（ ）.5. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members（ ）.问题1选项A.they permit on

50、e to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinkingB.they enable the children to travel around without their parents permissionC.they allow one to find a good job and improve ones social statusD.they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents问题2选项A

51、.They are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability.B.They have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it.C.They will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it.D.They can get more help from their family members

52、 if they are in trouble.问题3选项A.Social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families.B.The movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status.C.Potential disorganization is present in the American family.D.Family disorganization is more or less the re

53、sult of mobility.问题4选项A.both parents have to work full timeB.the husband, wife, and children work too hardC.the husband, wife, and children seldom get togetherD.the family members are subject to social pressures问题5选项A.never quarrel with each other even when they disagreeB.are not psychologically wit

54、hdrawn from one anotherC.often help each other with true love and affectionD.are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“Intermarriage and different occupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaging in a different occupation, or interm

55、arriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.（从事不同的职业或通婚，就像空间流动一样，会让人接触到不同于父母家的行为方式，并有可能让父母和孩子分开。），说明从事不同的职业或通婚会让人接触到不同的行为方式。因此A选项“它们使人能够接触到不同的行为方式和思维方式”正确。B选项“使孩子们能够在未经

56、父母允许的情况下四处旅行”，C选项“能让人找到一份好工作，提高自己的社会地位”，D选项“能让孩子更好地理解父母的行为方式”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。第2题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“traditional family”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability.（空间的流动性导致了传统家庭的重要性下降，传统家庭强调家庭的连续性和稳定性。

57、），说明传统家庭十分注重家庭连续性和稳定性，接着第四、五句说到Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and

58、 ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization.（更重要的是，空间的流动性使一些家庭成员能够接触到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成员的态度、价值观和思维方式。在一个家庭中存在不同的态度、价值观和思维方式可能，而且经常会导致冲突和家庭混乱。），说明空间的流动性让部分家庭成员接触并采纳了其他家庭不同的态度、价值观和思考方式，这会导致家庭的冲突和混乱，而传统家庭是反对空间流动性的，那么也就不容易出现冲突、争吵的现象。因此A选项“因为传统和稳定性，他们不太

59、可能与他人争吵”正确。C选项“如果他们离开传统家庭，会有更多的行动和思想自由”，文中提到的态度、价值观和思维方式只涉及了思想方面可能产生的变化，而没有提到行动上的，所以C错误。B选项“他们如果不搬离传统家庭，就必须依靠亲戚朋友”，D选项“如果他们遇到困难，可以从家人那里得到更多的帮助”在文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。第3题:主旨大意题。文章首句说到Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.（个体成员和家庭群体的流动性往往会导致家庭关系的破裂。）这是文章的主旨句

60、，句中的split up family relationships（家庭关系破裂）是mobility（流动性）导致的结果，且与后文的disorganizing（无组织化）相对应，接下来全文都围绕着这一句展开论述，阐述流动性是如何导致家庭关系破裂的。因此D选项“家庭的无组织化或多或少是流动性的结果”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“社会发展导致传统家庭的重要性下降”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“家庭的流动性是提高其社会地位的因素之一”颠倒了因果关系，应该是社会地位的变化导致了家庭的流动性，所以B错误。C选项“美国家庭中存在潜在的混乱现象”只是文中提及的一个现象，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以C错误。第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“Potential disorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of differe