2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题76（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题巩固和加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作，始终是中国外交的基本立足点，也是中国全方位对外合作的重要组成部分。历史证明，只要我们从长远考虑，妥善处理彼此的分歧，我们就能在国际经济、贸易、金融、环境等重大问题上发出一致声音，提高我们的影响力，维护我们的共同利益。近年来，中国对与其他发展中国家合作的投入不断增加，合作的形式日益丰富。虽然中国本身受到金融危机的严峻影响，中国仍将在力所能及的范围内继续向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国领导人相继提出了同发展中国家加强合作、实现共同发展的重大举措。作为人口众多的发展中国家，中国面临加快自

2、身发展的问题。中国将始终不渝地奉行互利共赢的开放战略，与广大发展中国家一道，为推动建设一个更加和谐、繁荣的世界做出贡献。【答案】To consolidate and strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries, is always the fundamental standpoint of Chinas diplomacy, is also a comprehensive international cooperation is an important part of China. History

3、 proves that as long as we think about the longer term, properly handle their differences, we can in the international economic and trade on such major issues consistent sound financial environment, improve our influence, our common interests. In recent years, Chinas investment in cooperation with o

4、ther developing countries continue to increase, in the form of cooperation is becoming more and more rich. Although China itself is affected by the serious financial crisis, China will still be within the scope of the power to continue to provide assistance to other developing countries. Chinas lead

5、ers have been put forward to strengthen cooperation with developing countries a major measure for achieving common development. As a populous developing country, China is faced with the problem of accelerating the development of their own. China will unswervingly pursue the win-win strategy of openi

6、ng up, along with developing countries, to promote the construction of a more harmonious and prosperous world.2. 单选题A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school. The study, conducted by economists at Columbia

7、 University and the University California, Berkeley, suggests that “a ban on fast foods in the immediate proximity of schools could have a sizable effect on obesity rates among affected students.”The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth

8、graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas. They focused on the ninth graders, typically about 14 years old, in part because the students get a fitness test in the springabout 30 weeks after starting school and exposure to fast food. The s

9、tudy, released by the American Association of Wine Economists, showed that “the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school.” It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth o

10、f a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds).”The study follows one presented last month at an American Stroke Association conference. Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed w

11、ith fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes. In December, a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.Janet Currie, lead researcher of

12、 the wine economists study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity. “It would not be so different in spirit from existing policies that aim to prohibit soft drinks and junk foods in schools or to improve the quality of school lunch,

13、” she said.A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silvers, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment. A McDonalds spokeswoman referred calls to the National Retail Federation, a trade group in Was

14、hington.“I think it would be a dangerous precedent to limit the types of legitimate, important businesses and where theyre located in a city,” federation spokeswoman Ellen Davis said. “Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat cer

15、tain things?” Davis added that restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for childrens meals. “We see many healthy options availableslices of apple, milk instead of sodas. Its important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make the

16、m healthier.”1. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the study mentioned in Paragraph 2?2. Which of the following can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. Why is it necessary to create a fast-food-free-zone?5. According to

17、the passage, which of the following may NOT be the reason for childrens overweight?问题1选项A.It agreed that fast foods should be far away from school.B.It didnt mention the people in Columbia.C.It proved that fast foods may not lead to strokes.D.It showed that childrens situation was worse than pregnan

18、t womens.问题2选项A.McDonalds shared the same opinion with Ellen Davis.B.KFC held different opinion from Burger King.C.Janet Currie preferred a new policy to present policies.D.Ellen Davis thought limiting childrens money made no sense.问题3选项A.People long for healthy meals.B.Fast food is associated with

19、obesity and strokes.C.Parents should give less allowance to the kids.D.The society shouldnt neglect the side effect of fast food.问题4选项A.Fast food is expensive and kids cant afford it.B.Fast food makes young people have an unhealthy diet.C.Fast food distracts students from their studies.D.Fast food i

20、s not clean enough.问题5选项A.Eating fewer fruit and vegetables.B.Being unaware of self-control.C.School lunch of low quality.D.Restaurants changing menus for children.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“事实证明，快餐可能不会导致中风”，可以定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan foun

21、d people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），可推测居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风，C选项不正确，应选C。A选项“它同意快餐应该远离学校”，因为快餐店会导致学生患肥胖的风险，因此，快餐店应当远离学校，A选项可排除。B选项“上面没提到哥伦比亚的人”，可以定位到文章第二段第一句The researchers looked at how proximity

22、 to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas.（研究人员调查了加州300万名九年级学生，以及密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州100多万名孕妇的肥胖率），文章提到的是加州的学生，密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州的孕妇，因此B选项可排除。D选项“调查显示，儿童的情况比孕妇更糟”，文章第二段最后两句提到the pre

23、sence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school. “It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability o

24、f gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds)”.（如果快餐店在学校十分之一英里内，那么该学校的肥胖率至少会增加5.2%。研究还发现，生活在离快餐店十分之一英里以内的孕妇“增重超过20公斤（44磅）的可能性增加4.4%），由此可知学校的肥胖率会增加5.2%，孕妇肥胖率会增加4.4%，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“艾伦戴维斯认为限制孩子们的钱没有意义”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let

25、 them know when and where they cant eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测限制孩子花钱没有意义，可知D选项正确。A选项“麦当劳也同意艾伦戴维斯的观点”，文章没有提到麦当劳同意戴维斯的观点，A选项可排除。B选项“肯德基与汉堡王持不同意见”，定位到文章倒数第二段第一、二句A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Slivers, decline

26、d to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment.（肯德基、必胜客、塔可钟和Long John Slivers的母公司的发言人拒绝置评，称她没有看到这项研究。汉堡王没有回复记者寻求置评的电话）肯德基和汉堡王都不予置评，因此可排除B选项。C选项“与现行政策相比，珍妮特柯里更喜欢新政策”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“父母应该少给孩子零用钱”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesnt it

27、 make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测父母限制孩子花钱没有意义，C选项不正确，应当选C。A选项“人们渴望健康的饮食”，可定位到文章最后一句Its important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their

28、menus and make them healthier.（值得注意的是，许多连锁餐厅已经尝试让他们的菜单多样化，让他们更健康），连锁餐厅都在努力使菜单多样化，让它们更健康，也就是人们在渴望更健康的饮食，A选项可排除。B选项“快餐与肥胖和中风有关”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school.（学校500英尺以内的快餐店可能会导致学校超重率

29、至少增加5%），以及定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），也就是快餐会增加肥胖和中风的风险，B选项可排除。D选项“社会不应该忽视快餐的副作用”，快餐的副作用已经很明显，因此不应该忽视快餐的副作用，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试

30、题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity（Janet Currie，葡萄酒经济学家研究的首席研究员说，如果学校附近的快餐导致肥胖，建立一个无快餐区可能是一个好政策）。B选项“快餐使年轻人有不健康的饮食习惯”，文章提到，快餐会使人们增加肥胖和中

31、风的风险，也就是不健康的饮食所带来的危害，因此B选项正确。A选项“快餐很贵，孩子们买不起”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“快餐使学生们分心，不能专心学习”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“快餐不够干净”，文章没有提到快餐是不够干净的，只是会增加肥胖的风险，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“餐馆为儿童更换菜单”，文章最后一段倒数第二句提到restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for childrens meals.（餐馆在过去五年中改变

32、了他们的菜单，尤其是儿童餐），因此，当餐馆为儿童更换菜单后，儿童患肥胖的风险会减小，D选项正确。A选项“少吃水果和蔬菜”，可以定位到文章第三段最后一句a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.（在距离快餐店半英里内学习的学生吃的水果和蔬菜更少，喝的苏打水更多，更有

33、可能肥胖），A选项少吃水果蔬菜会导致肥胖，A选项可排除。B选项“没有自我控制的意识”，儿童缺少自控力，B选项可排除。C选项“学校午餐质量低”，文章第四段最后一句improve the quality of school lunch.（提高学校午餐的质量），学校的午餐质量确实较低，这也是导致肥胖的原因之一，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 as the head

34、 of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party, Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a contin

35、uing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire f

36、or sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing: the dominance of urban centers; and the loss came

37、with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growt

38、h would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The governments responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how acti

39、ve the central government should be in peoples lives. Despite Andrew Jacksons inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Governments role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges. In keeping with this phi

40、losophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power p

41、ositively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of governme

42、nt promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to educati

43、on.In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poo

44、r. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open t

45、he economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and pitiful economically.1. The author mentions “ban

46、kers and investors” in the passage as an example of which of the following?2. According to paragraph 2, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?3. A Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following

47、 areas?4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about variations in political reliefs within the Whig Party?5. According to the last paragraph, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT_.问题1选项A.The Democratic Partys main source of support.B.The people that

48、Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich.C.The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic.D.One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jacksons presidency.问题2选项A.They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.B.They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats

49、.C.They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.D.They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.问题3选项A.Creating a state religion.B.Supporting humanitarian legislation.C.Destroying monopolies.D.Recommending particular moral beliefs.问题4选项A.They were focused on issues of public libe

50、rty.B.They caused some members to leave the Whig party.C.They were unimportant to most Whigs.D.They reflected regional inter.问题5选项A.workers unhappy with the new industrial systemB.planters involve in international tradeC.rising entrepreneursD.individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers【答案】第

51、1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段倒数第三句Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.（民主党人宣称，这个由银行家和投资者组成的“纸币贵族”为了自己的利益操纵了银行系统，并通过鼓励投机和对突然的不劳而获的财富的渴望削弱了国家的美德），B选项“民主党宣称的那些人正在不公平地变得富有”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确

52、。A选项“民主党的主要支持者”，在文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“人们对回归简单的农业共和国最感兴趣”，文章所说的是不牺牲简单的农业共和国的特征，因此C选项可排除。D选项“支持安德鲁杰克逊担任总统的团体之一”，文章并没有提到银行家和投资者是支持总统的团体，可排除C选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.（经济增长将通过提高国民收入和扩大机会而使每

53、个人受益），可推测，社会将因此而进步。A选项“他们将促进整个社会的进步”符合题意，A选项正确。B选项“他们会引起辉格党和民主党之间的分歧”，造成辉格党和民主党的分歧在于对市场的态度，因此可排除B选项。C选项“他们将为辉格党成员提供新的职位”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们将防止农民和工人之间的冲突”，文章所说辉格党也没有设想农民和工人与商人和银行家之间的社会冲突，D选项可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“创立国教”，文章没有提到“创建国教”的内容，因此A选项可排除。B选项“支持人道主义的立法”，文章所说“民主党认为宗教和政治应该明确分开，

54、他们普遍反对人道主义立法”。因此B选项可排除。C选项“摧毁垄断”，文章最后一段所说“民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断”，因此C选项正确。D选项“推荐特定的道德信仰”，文章倒数第二段所说“民主党人也拒绝接受道德信仰是政府行为的适当范围的观点。”D选项可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段。A选项“他们关注的是公众自由问题”，文章没有提到辉格党是关注公众问题，可排除。B选项“他们导致一些成员离开辉格党”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们对大多数辉格党来说并不重要”，文章没有提

55、到此内容，可排除。D选项“它们反映了区域间的相互关系”，文章提到辉格党还认为，政府权力应该用来促进国家的道德福利，因此可推测，这是辉格党内部政治救济的差异，D选项正确。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段第六句Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wa

56、nted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves.（民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断、像他们这样的新来者开放经济的新兴企业家）。B选项“种植者参与国际贸易”，文章没有提及到，可排除。A选项“工人们对新的工业体系不满”，文章所说，被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，A选项正确。C选项“不断上升的企业家”，文章所说想要打破垄断、开放市场的新兴企业家，因此C选项正确。D选项“寻求向新来者开放经济的个人”，新兴企业家，也就是所说的个人经济者，D选项正确。因此

57、B选项为正确答案。4. 单选题One lesson of the financial crisis is this: when the entire financial system succumbs to panic, only the government is powerful enough to prevent a complete collapse. Panics signify the triumph of fear. Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) was part of the process by which fear was o

58、vercome. It wasnt the only part, but it was an essential part. Without TARP, wed be worse off today. No one can say whether unemployment would be 11% or 14%; it certainly wouldnt be 8.9%.That benefited all Americans. TARP, says Douglas Elliott of the Brookings Institution, “is the best large federal

59、 program to be despised by the public.” The source of outrage is no secret. Bankers are blamed for the crisis and reviled. The bank bailout-TARPs first and most important purpose-was unpopular. Most Americans, says Elliott, “believe that taxpayers spent $700 billion and got nothing in return.”What t

60、his ignores is that an alternative being promoted at the time was widespread nationalization of banks. The cost would have been many times higher; the practical problems would have been enormous. As it was, TARP invested $245 billion in banks. The extra capital helped restore trust. Meanwhile, the F

61、ederal Reserve increased its lending; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, guaranteed $350 billion of bank borrowings. Banks resumed dealing with each other because they regained confidence that commitments would be honored. Of the $245 billion invested in banks, the Treasury has already recovered ab

62、out $244 billion, including interest payments, dividends, and cash from sold bank stock warrants. So the bank rescue has roughly broken even. When TARPS remaining bank investments are closed, the Treasury expects an overall profit of about $20 billion.Almost all of TARPS activities have been distast

63、eful. This was surely true of the rescue of General Motors and Chrysler. But the automakers5 collapse would clearly have worsened already gloomy unemployment. Did we really want these companies to shut down, with some plants sold to foreign automakers? We need to remember that TARP was a desperate p

64、rogram for desperate times. But some criticisms are broad generalities that, on inspection, are highly suspect. One common assertion is that TARP will encourage more reckless risk-taking because big financial firms know theyll be bailed out if their gambles backfire. Bankers keep profits but are pro

65、tected against losses, which are assumed by the public.This is a serious issue, but TARPS legacy is actually the opposite. During the crisis, investors in banks and financial institutions suffered huge losses. It wasnt predictable which institutions would survive and which wouldnt-or on what terms. The same would be true in the fu