2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题25（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European cultur

2、e during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the lea

3、rning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers n

4、ow turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectu

5、ral monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of

6、 ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architect

7、s, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in differ

8、ent countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.21. What does the author mean by using the underlined word “eventually” in Para. 1?22. The underlined phrase “frowned on” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to_.23. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were

9、seeking a rebirth of_.24. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?25. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” aft

10、er the other historians did.B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”.C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians.D.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet.问题2选项A.given upB

11、.forgotten aboutC.argued aboutD.disapproved of问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B.It

12、had little emotional impact on audiences.C.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D.It did not contain enough religious themes.问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C.R

13、enaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by hi

14、storians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了文艺复兴这个词”。B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用文艺复兴这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。C选项“文艺复兴一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家

15、”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。D选项“音乐历史学家使用的文艺复兴一词与朱尔斯米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句 To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleas

16、ures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家

17、现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frowned on的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。23.词义推断题。定位到文章倒数第三四句话Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals

18、 of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的文化”。A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulf

19、illment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now tu

20、rned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did

21、 not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo“他们了解了古代音乐打动听者的力量，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝纳迪诺西里洛”，从这里可知引出西里洛不满的目的只是为了举例，说明古代音乐打动听者但是现在音乐就没有这种效果了，西里洛非常不满，希望音乐也能像雕塑、戏剧一样对古代文化进行重新发掘，所以B选项“它对观众的情感影响很小”正确。A选项“它不够复杂，不足以吸引音乐家”，见正确选项，从这里可知不满是因为现在音乐打动不了听者而不是

22、音乐家，所以A选项错误，这里属于张冠李戴。C选项“它太依赖于他那个时代的艺术和文学”，文章没有提及。D选项“它没有包含足够的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从中可知文艺复兴时期的艺术家都是从宗教事务转向世俗事务，所以作为一个文艺复兴时期的艺术家不会因为宗教成分过少而感到不满所以D选项错误。

23、25.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段第二句话Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.“此外，音乐在这一个半世纪中变化如此之快尽管在不同的国家变化速度不同，以至于我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格”，从这里可知答案选D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从不是一成不变的”。B选项“音乐文艺复兴的时间太短，不足以产生一

24、种新的音乐风格”，见正确选项解析，不是文艺复兴时间段太短了导致没有音乐风格而是文艺复兴时期出现的音乐风格太多导致无法给他们下一个明确的定义，这里属于偷换概念。A选项“音乐文艺复兴的定义是技术而不是风格”定位到最后一段第一句话The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.“欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和心理状态”，这里虽然表述正确，但是与题

25、无关所以不选，属于出处错误。C选项“文艺复兴时期的音乐家采用了希腊和罗马音乐家的风格”虽然文章有提及整个文艺复兴是对古希腊罗马文化的借鉴重生，但是不是为什么音乐界的文艺复兴风格缺失的原因与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。2. 单选题I know cold. And all you Minnesota people may discount me because I am from Phoenix, but trust me, I know cold. I have climbed the highest peak on each continent (the famed Seven Summit

26、s) and have skied to both the North and South Poles a feat known as the Adventure Grand Slam. Each mountain and polar expedition was very different with the exception of one thing: the cold.Of all the remote places I have been, Antarctica land of the frozen tundra is perhaps my favorite. It also hap

27、pens to be the coldest place on earth. The continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock. Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below. I have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif and once to ski six-hundred miles from the edge of the western Antarctic ice shelf all

28、the way to the South Pole. “Why would you want to suffer like that” is a question I get all the time. And sure, there are times when you are feeling like you want to take a break from the frigid conditions and go inside the lodge and get a cup of hot cocoa. but you cant. There is no ski lodge in the

29、 middle of Antarctica. Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates (unless you are on a solo trip no thanks) and the cold. So you make peace with the sub-zero temperatures, because youre going to be in them for the bett

30、er part of two months.So thinking back on my experiences heres why you should be okay with a couple of days of polar vortex because 1) you can go inside, and 2) because it makes you smarter or at least smarter than the warm weather does. Yep. Good news for those in cities affected by the vortex: col

31、d weather can actually be really good for you. Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold. According to an article by Adrian Ward that appeared in Scientific American, it takes more energy to cool your body when its hot than it does to warm it

32、 up when youre cold. The energy comes from glucose. which is also necessary for the brains mental processes. So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain. Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is bett

33、er for the brain. Quick everyone go take the MENSA test before the temperature warms up again!1. What do the mountains the author has climbed have in common?2. What can we learn about Antarctica?3. What is not available in the middle of Antarctica?4. Why is cold weather better for the brain?5. We ca

34、n learn from the test that the MENS A test is a kind of_.问题1选项A.They are all located in the North Pole.B.They are all located in the South Pole.C.They have the same elevations.D.They are all very frigid.问题2选项A.There is about 98% water and 2% ice.B.The temperatures there can reach 128 degree centigra

35、de.C.It is the second coldest place on earth.D.There is a mountain called Vinson Massif.问题3选项A.Ski lodge.B.Sled.C.Supplies.D.Camera.问题4选项A.Because you can burn more fat when it is cold.B.Because you can go inside ski lodges and take a break when it is cold.C.Because you can leave more glucose for th

36、e brain when it is cold.D.Because the energy you need for the brain comes from ice.问题5选项A.psychiatric testB.intelligence testC.personality testD.admission test【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。定位到第一段最后一句话Each mountain and polar expedition was very differentwith the exception of one thing: the

37、 cold.“每一个山脉和极地探险都非常不同除了一件事：寒冷”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“他们都非常寒冷”；A选项“它们都位于北极”，定位到第一段第三句话have skied to both the North and South Poles“曾经南极和北极都滑过”，从这里可知A属于反向干扰；B选项“它们都位于南极”，见A选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“他们有相同的海拔高度”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。定位到第二段第五句话have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif“到过这两次；有一次去爬文森山”，从这里可知D选

38、项“那有一座山叫文森山”正确；A选项“大约98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句话The continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock.“这块大陆大约98%是冰，2%是岩石”，从这里可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项“那里的温度可以达到128摄氏度”，定位到第二段第四句话Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below.“冬天的气温已经达到零下128度”从关键词below可知B选项错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句话It also

39、happens to be the coldest place on earth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，从这里可知C选项错误，属于反向干扰。3.事实细节题。定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica.“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，从这里可知答案选A“滑雪旅馆”；B选项“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒数第二句话Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies)

40、, your teammates and the cold.“只有你，腰间系着1501b雪橇(包括你所有的装备和补给)，你的队友，还有寒冷”，从这里可知B选项不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“补给”，见B选项，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“照相机”文章没有提及属于无中生有。4.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain.“

41、所以基本上，在热的时候降温比在冷的时候升温需要更多的葡萄糖；这样就减少了大脑可用的葡萄糖”，从这里可知答案选C“因为冷的时候你可以给大脑留下更多的葡萄糖”；A选项“因为天气冷的时候可以燃烧更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句话Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold.“这不仅是因为你在冷的时候燃烧了更多的脂肪，还因为你的大脑在冷的时候工作得更好”，从这里可知这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；B选项“因为天气冷的时候你可

42、以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；D选项“因为你大脑所需的能量来自冰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5.推理判断题，寻找句内线索，定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain.“因此，我们可以假设寒冷的天气对大脑更好”，这里说完冷的环境对大脑运行有利就赶紧督促别人去考MENS，就说明这考试

43、与大脑也就是智力有关，所以答案选B“智力测试”；A选项“心理测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“性格测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“入学考试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3. 单选题Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are

44、to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start

45、 a pilot with public libraries in New York.Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money (neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap). If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what

46、 then?Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the

47、 device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor worry about lost or damaged books).Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value. You cannot resell it, lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm. Owning a book is useful if you want to

48、savor (品尝)it repeatedly, but who reads “Fifty Shades of Grey” twice?E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and p

49、rovides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35m titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data on borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrives market dominance, as the company can increasing

50、ly dictate fees and conditions.Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers, and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their

51、 e-books. But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists, which may be what inspires people to buy.So publishers keep tweaking (对稍作调整)their lending arrangements in search of the right balance.Rando

52、m House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.6. What can w

53、e learn about the big six publishers?7. What is the advantage of electronic borrowing?8. Why are publishers and libraries worried about OverDrives market dominance?9. What was shown in Pew survey?10. What does the author mean by saying “The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.”?问题1选项A.They k

54、now they need to cooperate with libraries.B.They have recently sold e-books to most libraries.C.Most of them hesitate in cooperation with libraries.D.They stand out against selling e-books to libraries.问题2选项A.There is no need to worry about deadlines.B.It can pay for the late fees automatically.C.Re

55、aders can lend the book files to their friends.D.It is much cheaper than traditional printed books.问题3选项A.Publisher and libraries will lose their market shares of e-books.B.OverDrive provides various format of e-books and audio files.C.OverDrive will increasingly divide their profit of e-books. Over

56、DriveD.E-readers will not lend e-books or audio files from libraries.问题4选项A.The desire to collect popular books inspires people to buy them.B.E-readers in America prefer to buy their e-books from libraries.C.More than half of Americans are book borrowers and book buyers.D.People with library cards u

57、sually have to wait for popular e-books.问题5选项A.Many problems about e-book lending need to be solved.B.It is wise for publishers to cooperate closely with libraries.C.Cooperation between publishers and libraries is a win-win strategy.D.Libraries will dominant the book market by lending e-books【答案】第1题

58、:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】6.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段四五句话Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting“在六大出版社中，只有兰登书屋和哈珀柯林斯向大多数图书馆授权使用电子书。其他人要么拒绝了请求，要么不情愿地尝试”，由此可知答案选C选项“他们中的大多数人在与图书馆合作方

59、面犹豫不决”。A选项“他们知道他们需要与图书馆合作”，定位到第一段第二句Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate“图书馆知道，如果要保持相关性，他们需要数字产品，但许多出版商对盗版和销售损失过于谨慎，不愿合作”，这里可知他们是不愿意和图书馆合作的，这里属于反向干扰；B选项“他们最近向大多数图书馆出售了电子书”，见正确选项解析，是某些出版社向大部分图书馆销

60、售电子书并不是全部的出版社，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“他们坚决反对向图书馆出售电子书”，见正确选项解析，因为已经有出版社向图书馆出售电子书了，这里属于反向干扰。7.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段倒数第二句The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor worry about lost or damaged books)“当文件到期时，它们就会从设备上消失（这意味着没有滞纳费，也不用担心丢失或损坏书籍）”，从这里可知时间到了之后文件会自动消失，所以答案选A选项“没

61、有必要担心最后期限”。B选项“它可以自动支付滞纳金”，见正确选项解析，因为文件自动消失所以不存在逾期费，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“读者可以把图书档案借给他们的朋友”，定位到第三段倒数第二句You cannot resell it, lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm.“你不能转卖它，不能把它借给朋友，也不能把它烧掉取暖”，由此可知C选项错误，属于反向干扰；D选项“它比传统印刷书籍便宜得多”，定位到第三段倒数第三句Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more than renting

62、 one but offers little extra value“让出版商尴尬的是，买一本电子书比租一本要贵，但几乎没有额外价值”，这里是对比电子书租借和电子书购买的，和纸质书没有关系，D选项全文没有提及，所以不能选，属于无中生有。8.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段倒数第一句Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrives market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions。“然而，出版商和图书馆对OverDrive

63、的市场主导地位感到担忧，因为该公司可以越来越多地控制收费和环境”，从这里可知出版社是担心公司壮大后开始收费分走自己的利润所以答案选C选项“将越来越多地分享电子书的利润”。A选项“出版商和图书馆将失去他们的电子书市场份额”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，不选；B选项“OverDrive提供各种格式的电子书和音频文件”，定位到第五段第三句Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audi

64、o files in every format“大多数图书馆都使用一家名为OverDrive的全球分销商，这家公司从出版商那里获得版权，并提供各种格式的电子书和音频文件”，由这里可知B选项虽然是正确的，但是这并不是出版商担心的原因，这里属于出处错误，B选项排除；D选项“电子阅读器不会从图书馆借阅电子书或音频文件”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，不选。9.事实细节题。定位到第六段倒数一二句话Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries,