2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题51（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The word for “The Da Vinci Code” is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport of soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the ki

2、nd of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember). In this gleefully erudite suspense novel, Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through t

3、hree earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new books prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the k

4、ind of book that notices that this one gallerys length is three times that of the Washington Monument). I embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. Thats scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fight

5、s for his life.Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museums alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardos most famous drawing, “Th

6、e Vitruvian Man. And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonaccis famous numerical series as clues.Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as “Harrison Ford in Harris tweed.” Langdons latest manuscript,

7、which “proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial,” is definitely germane.Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the authors earlier prototypes: “Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that ador

8、ned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence.” Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.The book moves at a

9、breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old talking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to chum up a thriller atmosphere. To their credi

10、t, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derr

11、ing-do with remarks like, “And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?”“The Da Vinci Code” is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by hi

12、s host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. “Actually, Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, “that depends on how often you dust under your couch.”Why does the author use the word “wow” to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?1.According to the passage, which of the follo

13、wing is NOT true?2.It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code is（ ）.4.The authors attitude towards “The Da Vince Code” is（ ）.问题1选项A.Because the word reads the same backwards.B.Because it

14、 is also linked to the sport of football.C.Because the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.D.Because the novel is a bestseller.问题2选项A.Dan Brown, author of “The Da Vinci Code” has published so far four novelsB.The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Galle

15、ry of Louvre.C.In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Sophie Neveu.D.The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women because Dan Brown is a fervent feminist.问题3选项A.It is also a bestseller around the worldB.It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspenseC.It is characterized

16、 by hoax and unreliable plotsD.It has achieved immense popularity with readers问题4选项A.the engrossing prologueB.the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie NeveuC.the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapterD.the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters问题5

17、选项A.criticalB.indifferentC.affirmativeD.sarcastic【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是“作者为什么要用wow这个词来描述达芬奇密码？”文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“这部小说简明地传递出一种极大的热情，充满谜语、密码破译以及令人兴奋的惊险小说，值得推荐”（Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, ex

18、hilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended），而wow可以作为感叹词，表示极大的惊奇或钦佩，选项C“因为这部小说充满令人费解的谜且写法巧妙”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知以下哪个描述是错误的？”文章中并没有提及这部小说的作者是一个女权主义者，因此，选项D“达芬奇密码非常受女性欢迎，是因为作者是一位热情的女权主义者”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列关于哈利波特的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到“自从哈利波特面世以来，没有一个作者能够如此明目张胆地引导读者到喘不过气地追赶上”（Not since the

19、 advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops），因此选项C“以恶作剧和不可信的内容为特色”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“达芬奇密码成功的主要原因是什么？”文章第二段提到自从哈利波特面世以来，没有一个作者能够如此明目张胆地引导读者到喘不过气的追赶上”（Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flag

20、rantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops），由此可知哈利波特这部小说情节发展很快；文章倒数第三段提到“这部书几乎每张都有一个吊人胃口的结局”（Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger），由此可知选项C“迅速发展的情节和吊人胃口的结尾”符合题意。第5题:观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对达芬奇密码的观点是什么？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“达芬奇密码足够自信甚至去打趣人物自己的聪明”（“The Da Vinci C

21、ode” is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters own cleverness），选项C“肯定的”符合题意。2. 单选题Giving Employees What They Want: The Returns are HugeDavid Sirota, co-author of The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want, finds that firms where employee morale is high

22、 tend to outperform competitors. He told us: People at work have various basic goals. First, they want to be treated fairly. Employees want to know they are getting what is normally defined as competitive pay. If I feel underpaid, there is not much an organization can do to boost my morale. Second,

23、employees want a sense of achievement from work. The key element is to be proud of your job and proud of the organization for which you are doing it. The third element is camaraderie. This is also not mentioned much in our field, but its keynot only in the sense of having a friend, but working well

24、together as a team.”And, he says, there are a number of other things companies can do to boost morale: “First, provide security. Laying off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties, they retrain workers

25、 or bring work inside from subcontractors. There are a number of steps you can take before making people redundant.Second, where there are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage part of the assembly line. The team

26、 could look at quality and at whatever kinds of maintenance and support were needed, and it could decide how to rotate workers. As opposed to the usual top-down management, this approach is tremendously satisfying for workers, and thus reduces the need for bureaucracy because the people essentially

27、are managing themselves.“Recognition is also important. Organization-wide awards should be like the Nobel Prize, where peers are involved in the selection of the individuals who receive the award for outstanding achievement, not day-to-day work.“The traditional merit pay systems with an appraisal an

28、d pay increase are quite negative. Workers feel no relation between what they do and their pay increase. A reward has to be felt as such. Research has verified a system such as gain sharing, in which a group of workers judges its performance over time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workforce i

29、ncreases 10%, then that means there is greater efficiency.“In the 1980s and 1990s, we had a reaction to particular forms of management. We talk about four kinds: the first one is paternalism, where workers are treated as children. Then there is adversarial, where workers are the enemy. Then there is

30、 transactional, where workers are like ciphers. Management does not know what they are like as individuals. The attitude is, We paid you, now we are even. We dont owe you anything. Thats where most companies have gone today. Loyalty is dead.“The fourth is what we have been talking about, which is th

31、e partnership organization. It does not mean that because I paid you, we are now even. You dont treat partners that way because you might need them to help you out sometime, and they might need you. Its more like a relationship between mature adults - not like children or enemies, but allies.”1.In p

32、aragraph 1, what effect of high morale is mentioned?2.Which of these does Sirota suggest is good reaction for a company with financial problems?3.How did Toyota motivate workers on assembly lines?4.How should bonuses be awarded, according to Sirota?5.What, nowadays, is the typical management-worker

33、relationship?问题1选项A.Employees stay with the company longer.B.Employees work harder than their counterparts in other companies.C.Companies produce better results than their rivals.D.Companies with high morale are more respected.问题2选项A.Reducing the workforce.B.Outsourcing to reduce costs.C.Reducing th

34、e rewards packages.D.Transferring employees to other jobs.问题3选项A.By asking managers to take turns to perform as workers.B.By letting groups of workers make decisions on their work organization.C.By allowing teams to take over the whole process of production.D.By rewarding them for achieving their pr

35、oduction target.问题4选项A.They should be decided by people at the same level in the organization.B.They should be given on a monthly basis.C.They should be bases on routine work.D.They should be awarded as a result of evaluation from line managers.问题5选项A.On where workers have to be cared for by their m

36、anagers.B.One of hostility, showing strong dislike with each other.C.One which is purely economic.D.One of co-operation on equal terms.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“发现那些员工士气高的公司比他们的竞争公司经营得要好”（finds that firms where employee morale is high tend to outperform competitors），因

37、此可知员工士气高的公司收益要比竞争对手高，选项C符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“解雇员工应该是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司会采用一些防御办法。如果公司遇到困难，他们重新培训员工或者从别的承包商那里接工作”（Laying off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties, they retrain workers or bring work i

38、nside from subcontractors.），由此可知选项D“将员工调整到其他岗位”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一二句话提到“当工作遇到困难时，建议团队进行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second, where there are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage part of the assembly line），接着该段介绍了团队如何来进

39、行自我管理，比如决定如何让员工轮班（decide how to rotate workers）。因此选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到“研究证实了一种收益分享的系统，在这种系统下一组员工不断进行绩效评估。如果生产量增加了20%，劳动力增加了10%，那么意味着效率更高”（Research has verified a system such as gain sharing, in which a group of workers judges its performance over time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workfo

40、rce increases 10%, then that means there is greater efficiency），由此可知奖励是根据员工的工作业绩来定的，选项C符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“它更像成年人之间的一种关系，不像孩子或者敌人之间的相处模式，而是盟友”（Its more like a relationship between mature adults - not like children or enemies, but allies），由此可知选项D“平等的合作关系”符合题意。3. 单选题After the fierce quarrel,

41、they began to have a（ ）loathing for each other.问题1选项A.boringB.reciprocalC.friendlyD.standing【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boring “无聊的；令人厌烦的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”；friendly “友好的；亲切的”；standing “长期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的争吵后，他们开始相互厌恶。选项B符合题意。4. 写作题For this port, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic

42、 My Understanding of Globalization”. You should write at least 200 words.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization5. 单选题（ ）the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.问题1选项A.TakeB.KeepC.HaveD.Make【答案】D【解析】考查固定

43、搭配。make the most of “最大限度地利用”。句意：最大限度地利用并且听从面试官给的建议来提高你的陈述方式和素养。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicle for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments determined efforts to quash software piracy.问题1选项A.boostB.preventC.crushD.restrict【答案】D【

44、解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府决心盗版软件，但是盗版光碟和软盘仍然是电脑病毒传播的第二大媒介。boost“使增长，使兴旺”；prevent “预防，阻止”；crush “压碎，捣碎”；restrict “（以法规）限制；约束”。根据后面的“software piracy”可知是“政府打击盗版软件”，推测出划线单词quash的意思是“打击，镇压”，因此选项D符合题意。7. 单选题All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully（ ）the risks and b

45、enefits.问题1选项A.valuingB.evaluatingC.estimatingD.weighing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。value “评价；重视；估价”；evaluate “评估；估价”；estimate “估计：判断”；weigh “权衡；考虑”。句意：所有专家一致认为最重要的事是权衡减肥药的风险和好处。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that （ ）depends on profession

46、 or title.问题1选项A.prestigeB.superiorityC.privilegeD.merit【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。prestige “声望；声誉”；superiority “优越；优越性”；privilege “特权；优待”；merit “优点；价值”。句意：法律和医生从业者在许多国家都受到尊敬，这似乎说明声望取决于职业和头衔。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Many social services are provided by（ ）societies and organizations that do not expect any material payme

47、nt.问题1选项A.wealthyB.voluntaryC.helpfulD.spiritual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。wealthy “富有的；充分的”；voluntary “自愿的”；helpful “有帮助的；有益的”；spiritual “精神的；心灵的”。句意：很多社团自愿组织提供很多社会福利事业，并不期望任何物质报酬。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform.问题1选项A.ucceeded inB.ec

48、ided againstC.went on withD.thought deeply about【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，那个他要做的手术。succeed in“在方面取得成功”；decide against“决定不”；go on with“继续”；think deeply about “深思”。根据“with his brows knitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。11. 单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to

49、 succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.sustainB.yieldC.endureD.expose【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们更好地利用时间，并且在有压力的工作中也不会疲劳。sustain “维持（生命、生存）”；yield “屈服，投降”；endure “忍耐”；expose “揭露”。根据“fatigue in stressful jobs”可以推测划线单词的意思是“屈服”，选项B符合题意。12. 单选题The first navigational lights in the New World were probabl

50、y lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues” levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a dozen or s

51、o true lighthouses in the colony. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.The first light erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, t

52、hough, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rod

53、s. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the count

54、ry.Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and, usually the keepers family. The keepers essential task was tri

55、mming the lantern wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life - they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lightho

56、uses was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.1.What is the best title for the passage?2.Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?3.It can be inferred from the passage tha

57、t lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because（ ）.4.According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found?5.In the second sentence of paragraph 3, which of the following does the word “They” refer to?问题1选项A.The Lighthouse on Little Brewster I

58、slandB.The Life of a Lighthouse KeeperC.Early Lighthouses in the United StatesD.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-Keeping问题2选项A.It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.B.Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.C.The first lantern wicks were developed there.D.The firs

59、t lighthouse in North America was built there.问题3选项A.ship there had high mastsB.coastal waters were safeC.the coast was straight and unobstructedD.the lighthouse were built on high places问题4选项A.Little Brewster IslandB.The Florida KeysC.Cape HatterasD.Cape Cod问题5选项A.LighthousesB.DifferencesC.Quarters

60、D.Feature【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“以下哪个最适合做文章的标题？”。文章主要介绍了新世界早期的灯塔建设、特点还有发展，所以选项C“美国早期的灯塔”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么作者要提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一个灯塔是马萨诸塞湾殖民地1716年在波士顿港湾的入口小布鲁斯特岛建造的”（The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the

61、entrance to Boston Harbor），由此可知，选项D“北美第一个灯塔是在那里建立的”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可知东北部的灯塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于东北部的大多数灯塔都是修建在岩石高地上，所以那里一般没有很大的高塔”（Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule），因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知美国最高的用砖头修建的灯塔在哪里？”文章第二段

62、提到“在那里需要修建高的灯塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡罗莱纳州哈特拉斯角处的宏伟灯塔那样的大型建筑。高190英尺，是这个国家最高的用砖头修建的灯塔”（It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country），因此选项C符

63、合题意。第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段第二句话中的they指什么？”文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管在外表和结构上大部分美国灯塔有几个共同特征：有灯、生活住所和一个钟表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn)）；第三段第二句话提到“它们还有别的共同点”（they also had something else in common），从这里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。选项A符合题意。