2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题46（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I am disgusted （ ） the way the couple talks about the actresss private life.问题1选项A.overB.forC.atD.with【答案】D【解析】考查介词搭配。be disgusted with为固定搭配,意为厌恶,讨厌。2. 单选题Mr. Smith recently has （ ） tennis to relax himself in spare time.问题1选项A.taken upB.taken inC.taken onD.taken

2、 over【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。take up占去;开始从事; take in欺骗;接受;吸收;take on呈现,承担; take over接管,接受。句意：史密斯先生最近开始在空闲时间打网球, 以此来放松自己。选项A正确 。3. 单选题She （ ） and lowered her head when she couldnt answer the question in the presence of her classmates.问题1选项A.refutedB.defiedC.contradictedD.disputed【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。refute反驳, 驳

3、斥; defy挑衅,不服从,公然反抗, 还有使落空的意思; contradicted反驳, 矛盾; disputed争论, 激烈辩论。句意：当她不能在同学面前回答问题时, 她感到很落空并低下了头。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题Normally Americans do not assess their visitors in relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take out for dinner, while they develop a pre-business sense of trust a

4、nd rapport. Rapport to most of them is less important than performance. They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners. Since they generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, they start talking business very quickl

5、y.Most Americans live in time segments by engagement calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. They oftengivea person two or three (or more) segments of their calendar, but in the business world they almost always have other appointments following hard on

6、the heels of whatever they are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in their inner ear.1.Americans are slaves to nothing but the clock. This means（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that since Americans value time highly, they（ ） .3.According to the passage, Americans evaluate their busine

7、ss colleague based on（ ） .4.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?5.Which might be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.Americans values the clock highly.B.Americans are slaves to anything else rather than the clock.C.Americans are slaves to the time rather than anything

8、else.D.Americans are slaves to luxurious clock.问题2选项A.hate someone else wasting timeB.are short-temperedC.are restlessD.hope to gain some return from the passed time问题3选项A.pre-business sense of trust and intimacyB.the past performanceC.the social courtesiesD.the prolonged small talk问题4选项A.Americans

9、have one appointment after another.B.Between two appointments there might be 150 minutes rest.C.Americans can always hear the clicking of the clock.D.Americans agendas are always fully engaged.问题5选项A.The Thing Americans Do Save TimeB.Time in Americans Eyes.C.Americans Way to Save Time.D.Time: A Prec

10、ious Commodity to Americans.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句Time is treated as if it were an almost tangible entry.人们似乎把时间当做是一个实实在在的东西来对待。说明美国人很看重时间, 选项C正确。2.细节推断题。根据第三段的第一句, 美国人高度重视时间, 所以他们讨厌那些过度浪费时间的人, 选项A表达有误。根据第三段的最后一句, 如果他们没有从过去的时间里得到些什么作为回报, 他们会焦躁不安。也就是说他们希望时间流逝过后, 自己能有所收获, 而

11、不是碌碌无为, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners.他们寻找过去业绩的证明, 而不是通过社交礼仪来评估一位商业同事。选项B正确。4.细节判断题。根据最后一段的首尾两句可知,美国人总是被时间追赶着,能听见钟表的声音。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大义题。本文主要讲述美国人的时间观念。选项B正确。5. 单选题Developing a peaceful, und

12、erstanding, and supportive relationship between parents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results arc the abuse, neglect, and even death of children.Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national co

13、ncern. In the span of four legislative years, 1963 - 1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Public Law 93 - 247). This law not only reflected the mood of

14、 concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.The question what causes child abuse? has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children a

15、re mentally disturbed or ilk Although there is no specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure

16、 the childs proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behavior as adults.Current research has suggested, however, that the abuser is sick hypothesis is too limiteD.A broader social, psychol

17、ogical approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, findings that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families with l

18、ow income, poor education, and low occupational status suggest that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-hour-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence

19、.1.This selection suggests that child abuse is（ ） .2.We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed by 1973（ ） .3.The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing parent is the one who（ ）.4.Which one of the following is most probably a cause of child abuse?5.Which of the following sta

20、tements is the author most likely to agree with?问题1选项A.a growing problem whose causes are not fully understoodB.caused primarily by the mental illness of parentsC.a problem in the United States, but a greater one in EuropeD.easily determined because of recent public laws问题2选项A.received little attent

21、ion from the publicB.was condemned by abusive parentsC.was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United SlatesD.helped much in clarifying the problem问题3选项A.was raised in abusive family situations himselfB.creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his childrenC.is unemployed or socia

22、lly isolatedD.is mentally ill问题4选项A.Too high an income of the parentsB.Unemployment of the parentsC.Poor health of the childD.Peculiar personalities of the child问题5选项A.Violence on TV may contribute to child abuse.B.Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse.C.The media

23、should not describe the details of child abuse cases.D.Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，文章首先提出虐待儿童的这个问题变得日益严重，但后面两段就其原因进行分析，没有给出一个确切的答案，所以选项A正确。2.根据第二段的最后一句“This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but it

24、 also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.”这项法律不仅反映了有关公民的情绪，而且为消除关于什么是虐待儿童而产生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是说，帮忙澄清了什么是虐待儿童的问题，所以选项D正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，虐待儿童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭环境中长大，所以才会有虐待儿童的行为，首先排除选项A和D；根据第四段的内容可知，社会因素包括失业、社会孤立等也有可能导致父母有虐待儿童的倾向，所以选项C也不正确；选项B为孩子创造一个和平和支

25、持的家庭环境的父母是最不可能虐待儿童的。选项B正确。4.根据上一题可知，选项中最容易造成儿童虐待的应该是失业的父母，所以选项B正确。5.选项A中的影视暴力在文中没有提及；选项B没有报道出来的儿童虐待案和医生没什么关系，所以错误；选项C在文中没有涉及；根据最后一段的最后一句“These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence.”这些问题加剧了局势，特别是在我们的暴力文化中普遍赞同暴力的情况下。由此可推断，暴力是可以

26、被接受，只要不发生在孩子们身上，所以选项D符合原文。6. 单选题Such occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。7. 单选题To maintain a leading pos

27、ition in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more（ ） and more reliable than those of their competitors.问题1选项A.innovativeB.commensurateC.enlighteningD.legitimate【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。innovative创新的，革新的；commensurate相称的，同量的；enlightening富有启发的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正当的。句意：为了在市场上保持领先地位，

28、公司必须开发出比竞争对手更便宜、更创新、更可靠的产品。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题In a supermarket, all commodities are open to customers who can select what they need （ ） .问题1选项A.with their easeB.at their easeC.at their easinessD.with their easiness【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 at one s ease是固定短语,意为没有拘束的。句意：在超市里, 所有的商品都对顾客开放, 顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。9. 单选题The

29、re are three general methods people use to explain and understand their world: beliefs, pseudo- science, and science.What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how th

30、e world works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God, who created the universe and all that is in it. They believ

31、e that this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are also common examples of beliefs.Pseudoscience, also

32、 called fake science, is any body or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. In pseudoscience, people accept opinions, or chose to believe certain facts while intentionally ignoring others, resulting in a false un

33、derstanding of things and events. Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many peo

34、ple follow pseudoscience because belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun.Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of

35、understanding the worlD.It does not provide a moral system as religion does, and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science

36、 teaches us to draw conclusions based on evidence and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth.Most of us use

37、all three methods in different proportions to view our worlD.Some scientists believe in theories without supporting evidence. And the scientific method is often used for unscientific purposes. But science is the only method that is constantly changing. It does not depend on the teachings of one man.

38、 Each scientist builds on the work of others and his findings, in turn, are used by others to increase our knowledge of the world.1.Which of the following would be a good title of the passage?2.Which of the following is true?3.Which of the following is NOT true about science?4.Which of the following

39、 is TURE about pseudoscience?5.The word astrology( Paragraph 3) most probably refers to（ ） .问题1选项A.Science and Pseudoscience.B.Religion and Science.C.Science, Pseudoscience and Religion.D.Different Ways of Viewing the World.问题2选项A.No beliefs are supported by scientific evidence.B.Pseudoscience alway

40、s leads to false understanding of things or events.C.Science never questions facts.D.Scientists accept noting without scientific evidence.问题3选项A.Science accepts uncertainty.B.Science does not push people to follow any specific set of moral rules.C.Science teaches us to weigh different evidence.D.Sci

41、ence urges us not to accept any beliefs or ideas.问题4选项A.Qigong is pseudoscience.B.Pseudoscience provides no supporting evidence.C.Pseudoscience can be entertaining.D.Pseudoscience has nothing to do with beliefs.问题5选项A.study of the position of stars in the belief that they influence human affairsB.a

42、set of methods used in doing things efficiently in our lifeC.central data processing unit of a computer popularly used todayD.scientific study of the earths crust, rocks, etC.and of the history of its development【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了三个不同的世界观, 接下来分别进行具体阐述, 最后进行总结。所以选项D正确,

43、其他选项都比较片面, 选项D正确, 全文都是在描述看待世界的三种方法。2.细节推断题。根据第二段的第四句Their followers accept . scientific evidence.他们的追随者接受这些信仰, 是因为他们愿意接受, 而不是因为科学证据。所以选项A错误;根据第三段的第二句In pseudoscience, . , resulting in a false understanding of things and events.可知选项B正确;根据第四段的最后一句Through our study of science, ,.to search constantly fo

44、r truth.通过对科学的学习, 我们学会了接受不确定性, 质疑事实和理论, 不断地寻找真理。所以选项C错误;选项D说法太绝对, 所以不正确。只有选项B符合原文。3.细节推断题。根据第四段的最后一句Through our study of science, ,.to search constantly for truth.通过对科学的学习, 我们学会了接受不确定性, 质疑事实和理论, 不断地寻找真理。选项A, B, C均正确;选项D中的belief or idea也就是指原文中的uncertainty, 选项D与原文表述不符。4.细节推断题。根据第三段Both Chinese Qigong

45、. turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience.可知选项A表述太绝对, 气功本身是好的, 只是被某些居心不良的人加以利用了;根据第三段的第二句In pseudoscience, people accept opinions, or chose to believe certain facts .可知伪科学会提供证据, 只不过这些证据不是科学证据;根据第三段的倒数第二句Many people follow pseudoscience . is entertaining.可知选项C正确;根据第三段的第一句Pseudoscience, ., is any bo

46、dy or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice.可知选项D错误。所以本题选C。5.词义辨析题。astrology指占星术, 认为星星会影响人类而对星星的位置进行研究。选项A正确。10. 单选题To some people, the greatest pleasure of life is to spend their time at home watching TV and （ ） their pets.问题1选项A.strokingB.desiringC.modelingD.flattering【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。stroke轻抚

47、, 抚摸;desire 希望, 渴望 ;model 做模特;制作模型; flatter奉承;谄媚。句意：对某些人来说，生活中最大的乐趣是花时间在家里看电视和抚摸他们的宠物。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another （ ） decision to be made.问题1选项A.criticalB.plentifulC.decentD.massive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。critica

48、l决定性的, 关键性的; plentiful丰富的, 大量的;decent 得体的,令人满意的; massive可观的, 巨大的。句意：在最初的几个月里, 我害怕听到电话铃响, 因为我知道这意味着我要做出一个重要的决定。plentiful 和massive都表示数量的巨大, 而critical表示程度的重要。所以选项A正确。12. 单选题The troops were in a （ ） position, completely exposed to attack from the air.问题1选项A.eminentB.brutalC.vulnerableD.adequate【答案】C【解析】

49、形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置, 完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to （ ） for hundreds of years.问题1选项A.thriveB.flourishC.prevailD.popularize【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣, 兴旺, 主要指生长得健壮;f

50、lourish繁荣, 兴旺, 指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行, 战胜;popularize普及, 推广。句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期, 并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。14. 案例题Use it or lose it is the new approach to back pain. In the last few years, there has been a （1） change in the way doctors treat this most common disease. Weeks or months of rest in

51、bed 一the （2） method of treatment for so long are now thought to be surely harmful. Muscles become soft, joints become （3） and what started out as a （4） acute condition quickly turns into a continuing disability. Far better, according to current thinking, is to put up with a little pain and get movin

52、g.The change has not happened overnight. For years, some specialists have had an （5） feeling that bed rest was not the answer. But what finally put an end to （6） bed rest was a study of more than 200 patients who were treated for back pain in a clinic in Taxes. Not only did patients who had two days

53、 bed rest do totally as well as those given seven days, they （7） only half as much time altogether （8） work.As a result of the study, experts now recommend that （9） anyone with acute back pain should spend more than a few days （10） down. After that should come a program of gradually （11） exercise, p

54、robably accompanied by some （12） treatments such as massage, heat or ultrasound.Because of hospital waiting lists, most people have to wait several weeks before receiving the treatment they neeD.Unfortunately this wait is often spent in bed or inactive for （13） of doing further damage to the back. I

55、t has been estimated that for every day an injured muscle is rested it loses at least one per cent of its （14） . Stay in bed for two or three weeks and it will be far （15） to rebuild a damaged muscle.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered

56、from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.temporary fear extend passive r equiresubs

57、tantial count instinctive increase liepermanent hardly stiff stick adopthard current strength off standard【答案】1.substantial。 2.passive 3.stiff 4.temporary 5.instinctive6.lie 7.require 8.hard 9.current 10.adopting11.strength 12.standard 13.fear 14.count 15.permanent【解析】1.结合上下文及句意可知, 既然是新方法, 那么治疗这种疾病的

58、方式自然是有了很大的变化。故答案为substantial。2.根据前面的Weeks or months of rest in bed可推断, 这种治疗方法是被动的。故答案为passive。3.结合上文可知填空处应填入与soft相对的形容词, stiff 呆板的;坚硬的, 符合原文句意。故答案为stiff。4.根据下文的continuing可知, 填空处应指暂时的急性症状, 故答案为temporary。5.instinctive与feeling搭配意为直觉, 符合语义。故为答案为instinctive。6.根据原文句意可知, 这里指结束卧床休息的研究。lie bed rest指卧床休息。故答案为

59、lie。7.根据原文句意：两天卧床休息的病人不仅和七天卧床休息的病人完全一样, 而且他们总共只需要努力工作时间的一半。故答案为require。8.hard与work构成固定搭配, 意为努力工作。9.分析句子的结构和语义, 填空处应填入与now意思相近的形容词, 故current（目前）符合要求。10.根据原文可知, 这里指花时间适应背疼的情况, spend后接doing形式。故答案为adopting。11.此处指力量运动。故答案为strength。12.根据下文的such as massage, heat or ultrasound可知, 这里是对治疗的具体举例, standard treat

60、ments表述合理。故答案为standard。13.for fear of为固定短语, 意为生怕, 以免。14.根据上下文及句意可知, 这里指总数的百分之一。故答案为count.15.根据关键词far推断, 填空处应填入的形容词表示需要很长的时间, permanent符合原文。故答案为permanent。15. 单选题From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, its impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is（ ） the way pe

61、ople live and work.问题1选项A.resumingB.transformingC.preparingD.seeking【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。resuming重新开始, 继续;transforming 转化, 转变;preparing准备;seeking寻找, 谋求。句意：从起居室和家用汽车到超市和办公室, 人们不可能逃脱正在改变人们生活和工作方式的电子革命。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题（ ） wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.问题1选项A.Consequently