考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷43（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题You cannot imagine how I feel（ ）with my duties sometimes.问题1选项A.overflowedB.overthrownC.overwhelmedD.overturned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overflow“溢出；挤满”；B选项overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背弃”；C选项overwhelm“淹没；压倒；受打击”；D选项overturn“推翻；倾覆”。句意：你无法想象有时

2、我被工作的感受。此处必然是强调工作内容过多的感受，overwhelm可表示“被工作淹没”，但一般与by搭配，可排除。只剩下A选项overflow with duties，表示“满载重负”。2.单选题Knead the dough until it is smooth and（ ）.问题1选项A.flexibleB.looseC.elasticD.resourceful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项flexible“灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的”；B选项loose“宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C选项elastic“（物理上的）有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的”；D选项resourceful“资源

3、丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的”。句意：把面团揉得光滑又。面要筋道就得有弹性，因此C选项正确。3.单选题Human relations have commanded peoples attention from early times. The ways of people dealing with their relations have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full signif

4、icance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. Intuitive knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly

5、help us understand human behavior, whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our modern world, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable

6、to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still know how to avoid doing something as

7、ked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still know when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the whys of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding o

8、f the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that people were acquainte

9、d with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this

10、 paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much

11、 about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific

12、treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.1.According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because（ ）.2.Which of the following claims supports the authors statement that psych

13、ology holds a unique position among the sciences?3.According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be（ ）.4.It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge of human relations is（ ）.问题1选项A.intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophyB.early scienti

14、sts were more interested in the physical worldC.scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obviousD.the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations问题2选项A.Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisiveB.The full meaning of a human relatio

15、nship may not be obviousC.Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences is relatively advancedD.Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research问题3选项A.highly biased due to unconscious factorsB.profound even when vaguely conceivedC.improved by specialized trainingD.irrelevant for unde

16、rstanding human relations问题4选项A.equally well developed among all adults within a given societyB.biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktalesC.typically unrelated to an individuals interactions with other peopleD.usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others【答案】第1题:C第2题

17、:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问人类关系的科学发展缓慢是因为什么？文章最后一段首先指出 Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human, relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. “矛盾是，人类拥有如此本能来经营人际关系，而有关人际关系处理的技巧却在最后一批得到发展”，而这一句话之后的内容就是对这一矛盾的解释，根据本段倒数第二句why

18、should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? “人们为何要为一个明白的事实去系统进行观测，再建立起一套理论呢？”可以推断出C选项 “有关人际关系的科学研究似乎是在研究显而易见的事情”正确。2.细节事实题。题目提问下列哪一项主张支持作者“心理学在科学中占有独特地位”的说法?根据第一段的Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evi

19、dent, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. “虽然人际关系的全部意义可能不是直接显而易见的，但一眼就能理解的情感和行为的复杂性是惊人的巨大。因此，心理学在科学中占有独特的地位。确定A选项“对人际关系的常识性知识了解可以是深刻的”正确。3.细节事实题。题目提问根据这篇文章，对自我的理解可以?由第一

20、段中“In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. 换句话说，普通人对自己和他人有着深刻而伟大的理解，尽管这些理解尚未形成或只是模糊的构想，但却能使人以或多或少具有合适的方式与他人互动。”确

21、定B选项“即使只是在模糊的意识层面，也能有深刻的了解”正确。4.推理判断题。题目提问我们可以推断，作者假定关于人际关系的常识是？根据第一段中 “On the other hand, if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relation might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still “know” how to avoid doing something

22、asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still “know” when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys” of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. 另一方面，如果我们把所有的科学心理学知识从我们的世界中移除，人际关系中的问题可能会像以前一样容易处理和解决。我们仍然知道如何避免做别人要求我

23、们做的事情，如何让别人同意我们的观点;我们仍然知道什么时候有人生气，什么时候有人高兴。人们甚至可以对自己的许多行为和感受的原因做出合理的解释。”确定D项“一般足够正确能与他人顺利进行交往”正确；并确定C学习“与个人同他人的交往通常不相关”不正确；A选项“在某一特定社会内所有的成年人中等同地形成”和B选项“在它基于的神话和民间故事范围内是有偏见的”在文中没有提及，排除。4.单选题His illness first（ ）itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.问题1选项A.expressedB.manifestedC.reflectedD.disp

24、layed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达；快递”；B选项manifest“表明；（病症）显现”；C选项reflect“反映；反射”；D选项display“显示；表现”。句意：他的病最初为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。5.单选题Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physica

25、l, in production and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labors concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of

26、 major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automati

27、on equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the

28、form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer invo

29、lved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismisse

30、d workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in

31、the fruits of automation.1.Though the labor worries about the effects of automation, it never doubts that （ ）.2.The idea of the improvement factor (Para. 3) implies roughly（ ）.3.In order to get the full benefits of automation, labor will depend mostly on（ ）.4.Which of the following can best sum up t

32、he passage?问题1选项A.automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB.automation will help workers acquire new skillsC.automation will eventually benefit the workers no less than the employersD.automation is a trend which cannot be stopped问题2选项A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB.t

33、he benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workersC.supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD.the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers问题3选项A.shorter working hours and more leisure

34、 timeB.the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC.additional payment to the permanently dismissal workersD.strong drive for planning new installations问题4选项A.Advantages and disadvantages of automationB.Labor and the effects of automationC.Unemployment benefits plans and auto

35、mation.D.Social benefits of automation【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问尽管工人们担心自动化的影响，但他们从不怀疑？根据第二段中“In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful.劳工基本上的观点是抵抗技术变革是徒然的”确定D选项“自动化是一种不能被阻止的趋势”正确。2.推理判断题。题目提问“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示？根据第三段中 “Another approach is t

36、he idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. 另一种方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生产力的基础上增加工资。”确定B选项“工人应该共享生产增加和成本降低的福利”正确。3.细节事实题。题目提问为了获得自动化的全部好处，劳动力将主要依靠？根据最后一段中 “It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order

37、to gain a full share in the fruits of automation. 然而，劳动力有可能主要依靠减少工作时间来充分分享自动化的成果。” 确定A选项“更短的工作时间和更多的休闲吋间”正确。4.主旨大意题。全文主要是讲“自动化的发展对劳工在工作与就业等方而带来的影响”，所以B选项“劳工与自动化的影响”正确。文章并没有对自动化的劣势展开讨论，所以A选项“自动化的优势与劣势”错误，C选项“失业福利计划和自动化”和D选项“自动化的社会效益”只是文中提及的一部分内容，排除。6.翻译题许多国际体育比赛的业余组织者经常抱怨说，体育道德已不复存在了。他们把体育方面 出现的向题全部归

38、咎于日益增长的职业化。他们震惊地看到，现在有些运动员把赛跑当工作， 参加赛跑就要得到报酬。他们宣称，当现代奥林匹克运动会兴起时，运动员觉得参加比赛本 身就是一种奖励，别无他求了。事实上如此崇高的理想向来只是一种愿望而已，同现实从来就没有多少关系。1900年 和1904年的两届奧运会就和商业有着密切的关系，因为当时就是为国际贸易会招徕顾客而举办那两次奥运会的。这些比赛组织者们有时忽视的一点是，任何想成为奥运冠军的人必须 牺牲业余吋间，可能还得中断学业，动员们想得到一些实惠的奖赏，也就不足为奇了。【答案】Many amateur organizers of international sporti

39、ng events often complain that sportsmanship no longer exists. They blamed the growing professionalism for all the problems in sports. They were shocked to see that some athletes now treat running a race as their job. They should get paid for running a race. With the rise of the modern Olympic games,

40、 they claim, athletes felt rewarded for their participation and wanted nothing more.In fact, such a lofty ideal has always been just a desire, having nothing to do with the reality. The Olympic games of 1900 and 1904 were closely associated with commerce because they were held to drum up customers f

41、or international trade. What the organizers sometimes fail to realize is that anyone who wants to become an Olympic champion must sacrifice his spare time and possibly take a break from his studies. So Its no surprise that athletes want some tangible rewards.7.单选题Lincoln, who many regard as one of o

42、ur great presidents, was often（ ）despite his reputation of telling good jokes.问题1选项A.brightB.optimisticC.gloomyD.cheerful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：林肯被很多人认为是伟大的总统之一，尽管他以幽默闻名，但是他经常比较忧郁。bright “明亮的”；optimistic “乐观的”；gloomy “阴郁的”；cheerful “快乐的，愉快的”。根据despite一词可知空格处的内容与后面的内容形成对比，因此根据句意选项C符合题意。8.单选题Arrogance

43、and pride are similar in meaning, but there is a(n)（ ）difference between them.问题1选项A.submergedB.indecisiveC.indistinctD.subtle【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：傲慢与骄傲字面上意思接近，但是二者有细微的区别。submerged “水下的”；indecisive “犹豫不决的”；indistinct “模糊的”；subtle “微妙的，细微的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。9.翻译题Translate the following in to ChineseIt w

44、ould be wrong to identify the real woman with the typical wild one who, after a difficult childhood, has left home early to live by her wits at the expense of men. The wild woman is incapable either of friendship for other women whom she cannot fail to regard as rivals, or of love for a man, her dec

45、lared enemy. But at least she keeps her eyes open and ridicules the view that women must enthusiastically accept this glorious modem world of plenty bestowed on them by their hard-working men folk, and that they enjoy being passionately swept off their feet and afterwards treated with amused indulge

46、nce. There was never, of course, any truth in the comic-strip legend of a primitive he-man who would grab his woman by the hair, threaten her with a knobbed club if she refused his advances and haul her off punting ecstatically to his cave.Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and mu

47、sed whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are any other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the universe differently. There might be very exotic biologies and technologies and

48、societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary human understanding, we are a little lonely, and we ponder the ultimate significance, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue planet. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a generally acceptable cosmic context for th

49、e human species. In the deepest sense, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a search for ourselves. Along with the growing dedication to a serious search, a slightly negative note has emerged which is nevertheless very interesting. A few scientists have lately asked a curious question: if

50、 extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant, why have we not already seen its manifestations?【答案】将一个真正的女人和一个典型的疯狂的女儿相提并论是错误的。在经历苦难的童年后，她早早离开家，在没有男人的情况下，凭借自己的智慧生存。疯狂的女人既不能与她视为对手的其他女人建立友谊，也不能与她宣称为敌人的男人产生爱情。但她至少让自己保持清醒，嘲笑这样两种观点：一种是女性必须热情地接受这个由辛勤工作的男性同胞赋予她们的丰富多彩的现代世界；另一种是她们喜欢热情地被人迷得神魂颠倒，然后被以开心的放纵方式对待。当然，

51、在连环画里一个野蛮的男人在女人拒绝他的追求后，抓住她的头发并用一个圆头棍子威胁她，然后欣喜地把她拉到他的洞穴里去。在历史长河中，我们一直在思考星辰，思考人类是否是独一无二的，或者是否有其他的生命，宇宙中的思考者在夜空下思索同样的问题。这些人可能会以不同的视角看待自己和宇宙。可能会有外来的生物、技术和社会。在普通人类无法理解的浩瀚而又古老的宇宙中，我们有点孤独，我们思索着这微小而又精致的蓝色星球的终极意义。对地外文明的探索是人类普遍接受的对宇宙环境的探索。从最深层次的意义上来说，对地外文明的探索就是对我们自己的探索。随着越来越多的人投入到这个严肃的探索中，一个稍微消极的声音出现了，但是这样的探索

52、依然很有趣。最近少数科学家提出了一个奇怪的问题：如果地外文明丰富多彩，为什么我们现在还没有发现端倪？10.单选题A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to（ ）that habit of smoking.问题1选项A.turn upB.pick upC.make upD.ring up【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。turn up“调大，出现”；pick up “拿起，拾起，捡起，学会”；makeup “组成，补足，化妆，编造”；ring up “打电话”；根据句意研究发现，住在无烟宿舍的学生不大可能（ ）抽烟的习惯。确定B选项正确。