考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考前自测提分卷94(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Nowadays pop music singers of foreign countries（ ）to most of our youths.问题1选项A.attractB.appreciationC.appealD.approve【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项appreciation“欣赏”；C选项appeal“呼吁，对有吸引力”；D选项approve“批准，赞成”。句意：现在外国的流行音乐歌手对我们大多数年轻人很

2、有吸引力。appeal to “对有吸引力”符合句意，A选项attract做及物动词时意思是“吸引，引起”，做不及物动词时意思是“吸引，有吸引力”，B、D选项不符句意。因此C选项正确。2.单选题For years the twin brothers have been（ ）watches, rings, and diamonds in the neighboring countries.问题1选项A.shelteringB.smugglingC.supervisingD.speculating【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sheltering“保护，掩蔽”；B选项smuggling“走

3、私”；C选项supervising“监督，管理，指导”；D选项speculating“投机，猜测”。句意：多年来，这对孪生兄弟一直在邻国走私手表、戒指和钻石。空格后提到的watches, rings, and diamonds手表、戒指和钻石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品，还涉及了neighboring countries邻国，B选项smuggling“走私”最恰当。因此B选项符合题意。3.单选题As the painter is（ ）to pollens, he regrets a lot for losing the chance of drawing the beauty of spring

4、 in the fields.问题1选项A.nostalgicB.insolentC.acuteD.allergic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项nostalgic“怀旧的，乡愁的”；B选项insolent“无礼的，傲慢的”；C选项acute“急性的，敏锐的”；D选项allergic“对过敏的，对极讨厌的”。句意：因为这个画家对花粉，他很遗憾要失去野外写生的机会。由后面句子he regrets a lot for losing the chance of drawing the beauty of spring in the fields（他很遗憾要）可知D选项allergic“对过

5、敏的”（画家对花粉过敏）与前后意思对应。因此D选项符合句意。4.单选题The development of high-technologies at an unprecedented speed has rendered lots of conventional office jobs（ ）.问题1选项A.suicidalB.obsoleteC.availableD.profitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项suicidal“自杀的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项available“可获得的，有空的”；D选项profitable“有利可图的，有益的

6、”。句意：高科技以前所未有的速度发展，使得许多传统的办公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技发展导致传统办公室工作过时/淘汰，B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此B选项正确。5.不定项选择题Would you stop buying Apples products if it decided to help the FBI open a terrorists iPhone? I thought not.Which is to say that Apple CEO Tim Cook, in his refusal to help the FBI break

7、 into iphones, is ahead of most of the population. But maybe not all that far ahead. His very public stance might even turn out to be the smartest thing hes done for Apple since becoming CEO.We all give our privacy away every day, constantly, to a panoply of entities. I actually snorted a laugh when

8、 and Google proclaimed their support for Cooks position. and Google horde more data about us than any other commercial entities and make billions of dollars on it. Remember, their products are free; their core business is selling the details of our lives to advertisers.At the moment, when most consu

9、mers say theyre concerned about privacy, theyre kidding themselves. A recent survey by TRUSTe and the National Cyber Security Alliance found that 92 percent of respondents who use the Internet said they worry about online privacy, yet 89 percent do not avoid businesses they feel are not respecting t

10、heir privacy.In other words, our anxieties about this stuff are completely disconnected from our actions.And encroachments on our privacy are only going to get worse. Wearables like Fitbits, smart home devices like Nest, connected cars and Internet of Things sensors are all creating ever more data a

11、bout ever more detailed and intimate aspects of our lives. Artificial intelligence software can stitch together different kinds of data to paint a ridiculously accurate picture of an individual.In many ways, we welcome this the better technology knows us, the better it can serve us. But at what poin

12、t does the exploitation of our details turn from convenience into invasion? And dont we want control of that knob to understand and decide what were agreeing to share?Cook is making us think about all that now. Do most people care much about this one case, this one phone? Not likely. But this fight

13、is making us realize that we need to make some decisions, individually and as a society, about digital privacy before it gets away from us. A cynic might say Apple can afford to take this stand because it doesnt rely on selling advertising as a business model. But every company should take the publi

14、cs interest in Apples decision to heart. Privacy is rising to a new level of awareness.Apple, so often on the forefront, seems to know this. The FBI said Cooks stand is a marketing ploy. In Cooks letter to customers, he snorted, “Absolutely not. Nothing could be further from the truth.” He added, “T

15、his is and always has been about our customers. We feel strongly that if we were to do what the government has asked of us - to create a backdoor to our products not only is it unlawful but it puts the vast majority of good and law abiding citizens, who rely on iphone to protect their most personal

16、and important data, at risk.”So, really, Cooks position may not be a ploy. It could turn out to be brilliant marketing.1. Why did the author snort a laugh when and Google proclaimed their support for Cooks position?2. What does the word “encroachment” in paragraph 6 mean?3. The following devices are

17、 creating more data about our lives in a more detailed and intimate way EXCEPT（ ）.4. What can we infer from this passage?5. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Because they didnt agree with Cook from the bottom of their hearts.B.Because they possessed more information about us than an

18、y other commercial entities.C.Because they made billions of dollars by supporting Apple.D.Because they didnt care about their clients privacy at all.问题2选项A.protectionB.violationC.promotionD.exploitation问题3选项A.TrusteB.Internet of Things sensorsC.Wearables like FitbitsD.Smart home devices like Nest问题4

19、选项A.Cooks refusal is regarded as a mere tactic by the general public.B.All companies that provide free products are selling details of our lives to advertisers.C.Most people say they are concerned about their privacy but actually they fail to pay much attention to it.D.Every company should learn fro

20、m Apples business models.问题5选项A.Awareness of privacy protection should be promotedB.Whether Cooks refusal is just a ployC.The battle between FBI and AppleD.How Tim Cook aims to profit from protecting privacy【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由上文可知，库克拒绝泄露用户隐私，那么为什么当和谷歌宣布支持库克的立场时，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三

21、段第三句 and Google horde more data about us than any other commercial entities and make billions of dollars on it（和谷歌比任何其他商业实体拥有更多关于我们的数据，并从中赚取了数十亿美元），由此句可知，和谷歌通过用户隐私盈利，可见他们并没有那么尊重用户隐私，因此D选项“因为他们根本不关心客户的隐私”正确。第2题:语义推测题。根据下文可知，可穿戴设备、智能家居物联网传感器正在创造更多关于我们生活的更详细、更亲密的方面的数据。人工智能软件可以将不同种类的数据拼接在一起，绘制出一个极为精确的个体

22、形象，由此可以推测出，我们的数据进一步被泄露了，因此B选项“侵害”正确。第3题:事实细节题。题干为“以下设备除了 之外，正在以更详细、更亲密的方式创造更多关于我们生活的数据”，本题可采用排除法。根据第六段第二句中的Wearables like Fitbits, smart home devices like Nest, connected cars and Internet of Things sensors are all creating ever more data about ever more detailed and intimate aspects of our lives（Fi

23、tbit等可穿戴设备、Nest等智能家居设备、联网汽车和物联网传感器都在创造越来越多的数据，这些数据涉及我们生活中更详细、更亲密的方面）可排除B、C、D选项，因此A选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。根据第四段第二句中的92 percent of respondents who use the Internet said they worry about online privacy, yet 89 percent do not avoid businesses they feel are not respecting their privacy（92%的上网受访者说他们担心网上隐私，但89%的人不

24、会回避他们认为不尊重自己隐私的业务）和第五段our anxieties about this stuff are completely disconnected from our actions（我们对这些事情的焦虑与我们的行为完全无关）可推断出，虽然人们嘴上说着很注重隐私，但是他们的实际行动却不是这样的，因此C选项“大多数人说他们关心隐私，但实际上他们并没有足够重视这一点”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。文章由库克拒绝向FBI泄露隐私为开头，讲述了不同公司和个人对数据隐私保护的态度和具体做法，因此A选项“提高隐私保护意识”符合题意。B、C选项过于片面，D选项不符合文意，均可排除。6.单选题He

25、 was（ ）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent【答案】C【解析】考查同形词辨析。incredible“难以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous “怀疑的，不轻信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根据I finally convinced him“我最终说服了他”可知此处表达的意思是他刚开始听到消息的时候是不相信的，所以此处应该使用形容词incredulou

26、s，incredible是形容事物难以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：当他听到那个意外的消息时是，但是我最终还是说服了他。故正确答案为选项C。7.单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。obsolete “陈旧的，

27、过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。8.不定项选择题There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown. He wants to see what is reaching towar

28、ds him, and to be able to recognize or at least classify it. Man always tends to avoid physical contact with anything strange. Even in sleep, when he is far more unguarded, he can all too easily be disturbed by a touch.All the distances which men create round themselves are dictated by this fear. Th

29、ey shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness. The fear of being touched remains with us when we go about among people; the way we move in a busy street, in restaurants, trains or buses,

30、 is governed by it. Even when we are standing next to them and are able to watch and examine them closely, we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.It is only in a crowd that man can become free of t

31、his fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite. The crowd he needs is the dense crowd, in which body is pressed to body; a crowd, too, whose physical constitution is also dense, or compact, so that he no longer notices who it is that presses against

32、 him. As soon as a man has surrendered himself to the crowd he ceases to fear its touch.Ideally all are equal there; no distinctions count, not even that of sex. The man pressed against him is the same as himself. He feels him as he feels himself. Suddenly it is as though everything were happening i

33、n one and the same body. This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched. The more fiercely people press together, the more certain they feel that they do not fear each other. This reve

34、rsal of the fear of being touched belongs to the nature of crowds. The feeling of relief is most striking where the density of the crowd is greatest.1. People fear burglars because（ ）.2. In public, according to the author, we（ ）.3. Which is the possible meaning of the phrase “make the approach” in P

35、aragraph 3?4. The way we feel when in a crowd is presented as a(n) （ ）.5. Once formed, crowds always tend to（ ）.问题1选项A.they arrive suddenly and unexpectedlyB.they grab you in the darkC.they take away your most treasured personal possessionsD.they attack people in the assumed safety of their home问题2选

36、项A.always avoid contact with peopleB.do not object to someone attractive touching usC.feel very uneasyD.try not to be touched问题3选项A.run awayB.make ones wayC.lay out the roadD.try to get nearer问题4选项A.absurdityB.logical conclusionC.oppositeD.paradox问题5选项A.become uncomfortableB.contractC.expandD.split

37、up【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。文中第一句话There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown.“没有什么比接触未知更让人害怕的了。”以及第二段第二句They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the da

38、rkness.“他们把自己关在一所不让人进去的房子里，不仅怕被抢劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地从黑暗中钻出来。”有提到，人们害怕未知事物是因为怕黑暗中的突然意外。A选项“他们来得突然，出乎意料”这是窃贼的特点，但不是人们害怕的理由；B选项“他们在黑暗中抓住你”，跟原文表达的意思是一样的；C选项“它们会带走你最珍贵的个人财产”文中有提及，但表示深层原因；D选项“他们在人们认为安全的家里攻击他们”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章第二段提到we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it i

39、s because we feel attracted to someone“我们尽量避免实际接触。如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了”，由此可知，在公共场合，作者认为我们不反对有吸引力的人对我们的碰触，所以B选项符合题意。A选项“总是避免与人接触”跟原文表述“尽量避免与人接触”还是有区别的，前者有些绝对化，人多的时候我们不可能避免接触，只是说尽量；C选项“感到十分不安”，文中没有提到关于心情方面；D选项“尽量不要被碰”也是比较绝对的说法。因此B选项正确。第3题:语义推测题。由题意定位到文章第二段If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel

40、attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.“如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了；然后是我们来采取行动。”由此可知，make the approach意为“采取措施，采取行动”。A选项“逃跑”意思不对；B选项“让路，行走”也不符合题意；C选项“铺设道路”可排除；D选项“试着靠近”与approach（靠近）意思一致，比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第三段It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of

41、 being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite.“只有在人群中，人们才能摆脱被触碰的恐惧。只有在这种情况下，恐惧才会变成与之相反的。”后面还给出了相应的合理解释。由此可知，我们在人群中一般的感受是合理的。B选项“合乎逻辑的结论”符合题意；A选项“荒谬，谬论”与题意相反；C选项“相反的”并不是原文要表达的意思；D选项“悖论”不合题意可排除。因此B选项正确。第5题:判断推理题。结合文章最后一段This is perhaps one of the reasons why a

42、crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched.“这也许是群体慢慢向他自己靠拢的原因之一：它希望尽可能彻底地消除每个个体对被触碰的恐惧。”意思是人群多了，每个人所占据的空间就相应地缩小了，也就向自己越靠越紧了。B选项contract“收缩”符合题意。A选项“变得不舒服”，由最后一句话可知该选项意思不对；C选项“扩张”与题意正好相反；D选项“分开”文中未提及可排除。因此B选项正确。9.单选题The di

43、plomatic crisis has been（ ）by the breakdown of the talks between the leaders of the two nations.问题1选项A.withholdB.nurturedC.cultivatedD.approached【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项withhold“保留，克制”；B选项nurtured“培育，养育”；C选项cultivated“发展，耕作，教化”；D选项approached“接近，靠近”。句意：外交危机靠近是由于两国领导人之间的谈判破裂而引起的。两国领导人之间谈判失败是导致外交危机的原因，那么外交危

44、机就更接近了，选择D选项approached“接近，靠近”意思正确。因此D选项符合题意。10.单选题Many advantages come with being a first-born child. First-borns tend to make more money than their younger siblings; they are more likely to earn advanced degrees, and they have slightly better odds of becoming presidents, prime ministers, and Nobel

45、laureates. They even have longer life expectancy than later-born siblings.There is yet another advantage: First-born children show better second language skills than later-born children. At least this was the finding of new research in last months issue of Frontiers in Psychology.The study, led by D

46、r. Karin Keller of Switzerlands University of Basel, examined the second language skills of 1209 immigrant children between the ages of two-and-a-half and three from Switzerlands German-speaking region of Basel. The study was administered via mail; parents filled out a survey asking them to assess t

47、heir childs German language ability. They also reported demographic information such as how many other children were in the household, birth order, number of books in the household, and parental language skills.The findings of the study are as the following. First, children with more siblings exhibi

48、ted worse second language skills than children with fewer siblings. This makes some sense; one might imagine that larger immigrant families are more likely to propagate the communication styles of their home country. Furthermore, more children means less time for parents to develop their childrens s

49、econd language abilities.Second, the researchers found that first-born children exhibited a minor, but statistically significant, advantage in their second language abilities.When explaining the causes for the language ability differences, the researchers suggest that the differences have more to do

50、 with environmental factors. They cite a “resource dilution model”, in which first-born children benefit from a greater parental resource investment. The researchers write, “Every additional sibling means a reduction in the share of resources allocated to each child, thus reducing the foundations of

51、 their intellectual development.”Keller and her team of researchers, however, were quick to put this finding in context. They note that the effect is quite small; they were only able to find it because of the studys large sample size. Furthermore, exposure to early education institutions offset the

52、effect of birth order on second language acquisition. This, in the researchers minds, is the key takeaway from this study.Keller and her colleagues write, “Considering that families from immigrant backgrounds have fewer financial resources, and that these resources influence the childrens level of d

53、evelopment. It seems all the more important that immigrant families with many children are financially supported so that their children are offered the best opportunities possible for their academic careers. Given the results of this study, promoting the attendance of early education institutions is

54、 an efficient way of achieving this goal.”6. What do we know about first-born children?7. What does the study of Dr. Karin Keller find?8. What is one of the reasons for language ability differences between first-borns and later-borns?9. What is the important information from the study according to t

55、he researchers?10. What is suggested to help the immigrant families?问题1选项A.They are more helpful with housework.B.They have a shorter lifespan.C.They seem to be stronger.D.They tend to be better off.问题2选项A.Parents with more children tend to spend less time with them.B.Immigrant families pay less att

56、ention to their childrens language ability.C.Children with fewer siblings have better second language skills.D.Children with more siblings have more chance to practice a second language.问题3选项A.Genetic factor.B.Parenting model.C.Resource allocation.D.Sibling competition.问题4选项A.Immigrant backgrounds c

57、an influence childrens second language ability.B.Early education can make up for birth order effect on second language acquisition.C.Childrens intellectual development is important for second language learning.D.The birth order effect on second language acquisition depends on the sample size.问题5选项A.

58、Giving financial support to those with fewer resources.B.Offering more opportunities for the development of parents.C.Calling on education institutions to offer free courses.D.Carrying out more studies on language acquisition abilities.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】6.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章

59、第一段“First-borns tend to make more money than their younger siblings; they are more likely to earn advanced degrees, and they have slightly better odds of becoming presidents, prime ministers, and Nobel laureates. They even have longer life expectancy than later-born siblings.（第一个出生的孩子往往比他们的弟弟妹妹赚更多的钱

60、；他们更有可能获得高级学位，他们成为总统、总理和诺贝尔奖获得者的几率略高。他们甚至比后来出生的兄弟姐妹寿命更长。）”，由此可推断出先出生的孩子往往境况更好。A选项“他们在家务方面更有帮助”文章没有提到；B选项“他们的寿命较短”说法错误；C选项“他们看起来更强壮”文中也没有提到；D选项“他们往往比较富裕”正确。A、B、C选项均不符合题意，因此D选项正确。7.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“First, children with more siblings exhibited worse second language skills than children

61、with fewer siblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表现出更差的第二语言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二语言能力比较强。A选项“孩子多的父母与孩子相处的时间往往更少”；B选项“移民家庭对孩子的语言能力关注较少”；C选项“兄弟姐妹较少的孩子有更好的第二语言能力”；D选项“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的机会练习第二语言”，A、B、D选项均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。8.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第六段写到：They cite a “resource dilution model”, in which first-born children be

62、nefit from a greater parental resource investment. The researchers write, “Every additional sibling means a reduction in the share of resources allocated to each child, thus reducing the foundations of their intellectual development.”（他们引用了一个“资源稀释模型”，在这个模型中，第一个出生的孩子受益于父母更多的资源投资。研究人员写到，“每增加一个兄弟姐妹意味着分配给每个孩子的资源份额减少，从而减少了他们智力发展的基础。”）。由此可知先后出生的孩子在资源分配上存在着差异。A选项“遗传因素”；B选项“教育模式”；C选项“资源分配”；D选项“兄弟姐妹竞争”。A、B、D选项均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。9.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore, exposure to early education institutions offset the effect of birth order on second language acquisition. This, i