2022研究生入学-英语二考试全真模拟卷41（附答案带详解）

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1、2022研究生入学-英语二考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 多选题：Text l Cycling in London is less pleasant than in many European cities.Main roads teem with lorries;winding back streets are hard Lo navigate.The number of bicycle journeys has nonetheless doubled since 2000.Nationally,just 2qo pedal to work.In Hackney,in Londons E

2、ast End,fully 9%do.But only 2%of women cycle to work in London,compared with 5%of men.Blacks and other ethnic minorities are reluctant to do it,too.Bori6 Johnson,Londons mayor,oversaw the introduction of a bike-hiring scheme,which was started by his predecessor but quickly became known as theBoris b

3、ike.He pushed for bright blue cycle paths on some busy roads.But the new cycle highways are far more ambitious and permanent.One will run east-west through the City and the West End.Another will run two miles from Elephant and Castle in the south to Farringdon in north London.Four existinE;routes wi

4、ll also be improved,while around 30 0f the citys busiest junctions wiU be made a bit less dangerous.The new superhighways ought io be much safer than Londons existing cycle lanes.A raised pavement will keep cyclists away from cars and lorries.Junctions will be redesigned and some parking bays-includ

5、ing a rew for the disabled-will be removed.Cars will be prevented from turning down certain streets.Similar schemes exist elsewhere:since 2007 around 30 miles of protected cycle lanes have been created in New York.In Amsterdam,where lanes have existed for decades,old people and women are far more in

6、clined to cycle.Greens have long lobbied for cycle paths on the grounds that movin8 people out of cars cuts air poUution.A series of highly publicised accidents,including one involving a newspaper journalist,and several deaths in the city have also put pressure on the mayor to make London safer.And

7、the social transformation of the capital has encouraged officials to smile on cyclists.The population of inner London is rebounding as affluenL folk move in.The new inhabitants want cleaner streets and fewer cars,which are viewed as suburban.Cycling was once a means of transport for the poor.But it

8、has become an imporlant marker of an affluent world city,argues Isabel Dedring,the deputy mayor for transport.Theres more pressure on cities to be nice places to live,she says.Riding a bike in London is unpleasant because of the citysA.enormous number of cyclistsB.numerous winding main sLreetsC.heav

9、y traffic and complex terrainD.complicated and changeable weather答案：C 本题解析：细节题。根据题干nding a bike in London is unpleasant定位到首段首句：Cycling in London is less pleasant than in many European cities.题干问原因，答案句来自原文第二句：Main roads teem with lorries;winding back streets are hard Io navigate.“主干道上挤满了卡车；里弄小巷又很难骑行。

10、”与答案句相符的选项为Cheavy traffic and complex terrain“交通拥堵地形复杂。”其中main roads teem wirh lorries说明“交通拥堵”，winding back streets are hard to navigate说明“地形复杂”。选项Aenormous number of cyclists“大量自行车骑行者”；该项与答案句毫无关联，可以排除。Bnumerous winding main streets“无数蜿蜒曲折的主干道”；原文说的是winding back streets“蜿蜒曲折的小路”，而不是main streets“主干道”

11、，该项属于偷换概念。Dcomplicated and changeable weather“复杂多变的天气”；该项文章并无提及，属于无中生有。综上，本题答案为C。2. 问答题：Directions:The environment protection club is going to organize some activities with the theme ofCreating Green Culture and Building Low-Carbon Campus.As the club leader,you will write a notice to the members to

12、explain the importance and arrangements of those activities.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name.UseLi Minginstead.Do not write your address.答案： 本题解析：Notice October 12,2018 On behalf of the cnvironmerual protection club,I am writing to notify that a range of

13、activities with the theme ofCreating Green Culture and Building Low Carbon Campuswill be held at our university from October 16 t0 28.Most have suffered the consequences ofstupid actions made by others,particularly in terms of environment.In light of this,a series of lectures will be launched to rai

14、se studentsawareness of environmental protection.In addition,a number of publicity and promotional activities are going to be organized to strengthen students energy conservation awareness which includes switching off electronic equipment in daylight,recycling used batteries or plastic botile and tr

15、aveling by bike or bus.A11 the members are expected ro take parl in these activities.Ifyou have any question,please dont hesitaie to contact me via liming.Li Ming3. 问答题：Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith,write him an email to Suppose

16、Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme oftraffic.Write him an email to Suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name.Use“Li Ming”instead.答案： 本题解析：Dear Prof.Smith,Its my pl

17、easure to plan the debate on city traffic,and I am writing mainly to put forw ard advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements concerned To begin with,the debate can be conducted with the topic ofBy Bus or By Bike”on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenie

18、nt vehicles to reduce time cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic.Therefore,the participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in daily life.Regarding the arrangem ents of the debate,it will be held in the auditorium on our campus Dec.28t

19、h,2018.Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation at the StudentsUnion Office before Dec.24th.Finally,a watch will be awarded to the winner of the debate.It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some comments on my plan.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei4. 问答题：Di

20、rections:Suppose you are going to invite a guest to visit your company and discuss business with him/her.Write an email to him/her to 1）inform him/her the purpose ofinvitation,and 2）tell him/her more details about the trip.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name

21、.UseLi Minginstead.Do not write your address.答案： 本题解析：Dear Mr.Zhang,We would like to invite you to visit our factory from November 15 to November 20 and give you an overview of our facilities and production methods.This would also be an opportunity for you to visit our Head Office in Los Angeles to

22、meet our design team and Marketing and Sales Directors to discuss areas ofcommon interest.All the expenses will be assumed by us,for you are our guest.We can also put a company car and a driver at your disposal during your stay here.I do hope your schedule will allow you to accept our invitation.I l

23、ook forward to meeting you here.Yours sincerely,Li Ming5. 问答题：If there is one person to blame for economistshabit of commenting on everyhing,it is Gary Becker,who died on May 3rd.Not content with studying the worlds economies,he was the first prominent economist to apply economic tools to all aspect

24、s of life.He revealed that people are often purposeful and rational in their decisions,whether they are changing jobs,taking drugs or divorcing their spouses.This insight,and the work that followed from it,eamed him a Nobel prize in 1992.No less an eminence than Milton Friedman declared in 2001 that

25、 Mr Becker wasthe grealest social scientist who has lived and worked in the last half-century.At the heart of Mr Beckers work was the view thatindividuals maximise welfare as they conceive it.Welfare need not mean income;it could derive from the pleasure of selflessness.答案： 本题解析：经济学家们习惯于对一切事情都发表意见，若

26、要将这嗜好归功于一人，这个人便是已于5月3日辞世的加里贝克尔。不满足于仅仅研究世界经济，贝克尔是第一个将经济学方法应用到生活各个方面的著名经济学家。他揭示：无论是换工作，嗑药或与配偶离婚，人们往往是有目的、理性地作出决定。正是由于此种见解以及其后一系列围绕它的研究，贝克尔赢得了1992年的诺贝尔奖。声名卓著的米尔顿弗里德曼在2001年称贝克尔是“过去半个世纪以来最伟大的社会科学家”。贝克尔研究的核心认为“个体总是将他们所认为的福利最大化”。福利不一定意味着收人，它可能源自大公无私的满足感。6. 问答题：Directions:Suppose one of your intimates got a

27、 promotion,write an email to express your congratulations.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name.UseLi MingLnstead.Do not write your address.答案： 本题解析：Dear Tom,Im so pleased to leam that you have got a promotion.Please accept my heartiest congratulations and all

28、 good wishes on this milestone in your life.Having always appreciated your commitment very much in your work,I firmly believe that it was only a matter of time before your efforts were rewarded.Your srrccess speaks well for the truth that nothing js impossible for a willing heart.Whats more,I am als

29、o convinced that you will make greater contribution to the company if you stick to what you are doing,put it into practice,and share your experience with those who need it.May you enjoy many more triumphant days like this!Yours sincerely,Li Ming7. 问答题：（）It is easy to underestimate English writer Jam

30、es Heriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say“I could write a book.I just havent the time.”Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to pupular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as

31、he put it,“having a go at the writing game”.While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors,he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the

32、 way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.答案： 本题解析：我们很容易低估英国作家吉米哈利。他的作品秉承一种令人愉快的，易读的风格，以至于有人认为任何人都可以模仿。很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没有时间。”说来容易，做来难。与大家所想的相反，早年吉米哈利发现写作并非易事，正如他所言“尝试写作

33、游戏”。尽管很显然他极具写作天赋，但他呈现给世界的最终出版作品也是历经多年练习，重写与阅读的结果。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，他经历了多次的失望与拒绝，但这一切使他更坚定了获得成功的决心。他生命中获得的成就源于他的艰苦努力，他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然。8. 问答题：Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you,and ask advice on translation.Write him a reply to thank him;give your ad

34、vice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,useLi Minginstead.Do not write the address.答案： 本题解析：Dear Jack，Your letter of congratulations was received.Thank you for your nice words onmy winning the contest。In the letter,yo u asked me about the sk

35、ills to dotranslation，so the following are my advice for you.Firstly,you should analyze the senten9. 问答题：One thing most people these days seem absolutely certain about-and yes,this is a bit ironic-is that absolutist thinking is bad.Making inflexible demands of the world,then losing temper when theyr

36、e unmet,is no path to happiness.Nor is seeing every issue in black and white,or refusing to be friends with anyone who doesnt share every one of your views.Absolutism is no healthier when turned inwards,either,where it manifests as perfectionism.Yet we all engage in absolutist thinking anyway,becaus

37、e its easier:we cling to simple rules depression.Its easy to see why absolutism might trigger distress:the more rigid your map of the world,the more opportunities youre creating for that map to collide with the messiness of reality.答案： 本题解析：如今，大多数人似乎绝对肯定的一件事情是：绝对主义思维有害（是的，这有点讽刺）。对生活提出刻板要求，未能满足就大发脾气，

38、这并非幸福之道。认为世间万物非黑即白、非观点毫无二致者不结交，这同样无法带来幸福。绝对主义内化时表现为完美主义，同样于健康不利。然而，我们还是都会陷于绝对主义思维，因为这更容易：我们执迷于简单的法则，以期在原本极其复杂的星球上生存下去。遗憾的是，这一人皆有之的习惯倘若做得过火，反而会阻碍我们身体运转：越来越多的证据表明，绝对主义思维可能引发抑郁症。不难明白绝对主义为何带来痛苦：你对生活的图谱越是死板，你所创造的令其与现实的混乱相冲突的机会也就越多。10. 判断题：Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBoth Boeing and Airbus have tr

39、umpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft.The 787 and 350 respectively.Their clever designs and lightweightcompositescertainly make a difference.But a group of researchers at Stanford University,led by Ilan Kroo,has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalisticapproach to cutting jet-

40、fuel use and it would not require them to buy newaircraft.The answer,says Dr Kroo,lies with birds.Since 1914,scientists have known thatbirds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy.The air flowing over abirds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips.a phenomenon known asupwash.Other birds fl

41、ying in the upwash experience reduced drag,and spendless energy propelling themselves.Peter Lissaman,anaeronautics expert whowas formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California,has suggestedthat a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft,the pr

42、inciples are not substantially different.Dr Krooand his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing fromLos Angeles,San Francisco and I as Vegas were to assemble over Utah,assume aninverted V-formation occasionally change places so all could have a turn in themost favourable pos

43、itions,and proceed to London.They found that the aircraftconsumed as much as 15%less fuel（coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxideoutput）.Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fellby around a quarter.There are,of course,knots to be worked out.One consideration is safe

44、ty,or atleast the perception of it.Would passengers feel comfortable travelling incompanion?Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by severalnautical miles,and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by displayteams like the Red Arrows,A passenger peering out of the window m

45、ight noteven see the other planes.Whether the separation distances involved wouldsatisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter,although a working groupat the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility offormation flying in a blueprint for new operational guide

46、lines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that makeformation flight more efficient.In zones of increased turbulence,the planeswakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish.Dr Kroo says this isone of the areas his team will investigate further.It might also

47、be hard for airlinesto co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a waythat would allow them to gain from formation flight.Cargo aircraft,in contrast,might be easier to reschedule,as might routine military flight.As it happens,Americas armed forces are on the on case a

48、lready.Earlier thisyear the countryS Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announcedplans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight,though the programme hasyet to begin.There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation whenthey were low on fuel during the Second World War,but D

49、r Lissaman says theyare unsubstantiated.My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of aLancaster lost over Berlin,he adds.So he should knowIt has been documented that during World War I,Americas armed forcesonce tried formation flight to save fuel.答案：错误 本题解析：通过题干关键词World War I和armed forces

50、可推测答案依据在原文第六段第三句There are reports that.,but Dr.Lissaman says they areunsubstantiated.My father was.,”he adds.题干中的it has documented that与原文的there are reports that是同义替换,题干的World War I与原文的Second World War是同义替换,题干的to save fuel则是原文when they were low on fuel的另一一个说法,因此单独从前半句话而言好似题干是对的，但是在看完之后有个转折but Dr.Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated.证明对这个说法是没有依据的,因而本题与原文不符。答案为F.