2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前模拟强化练习题28（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前模拟强化练习题28（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前模拟强化练习题28（附答案详解）（55页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题So confused _ that he didnt know how to start his lecture.问题1选项A.since he becameB.would he becomeC.that he becameD.did he become【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. since he became 因为他变得 B. would he become 他变得C. that he became 他变得 D. did he become 他变得【答案】D【考查点】倒装强调句【解题思路】本题考查的是sot

2、hat结构的倒装句用法。在这个结构中，如果将so+adj./adv.置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。此处使用的动词为become，需要借助助动词do帮助构成部分倒装；根据从句使用的一般过去时推测，主句也使用一般过去时。因此，D选项did he become符合要求。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语法要求。【句意】他变得如此困惑以至于他不知道如何开始他的演讲。2. 写作题Directions: Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support y

3、our views.Some educational systems emphasize the development of students capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions. Write a composition of about 400 words entitled Students Would Benefits More fr

4、om an Education of Emotions.【答案】【略】3. 单选题It is a devastating prospect. Terrorist electronically break into the computers that control the water supply of a large American city, open and close valves to contaminate the water with untreated sewage or toxic chemicals, and then release it in a devastati

5、ng flood. As the emergency services struggle to respond, the terrorists strike again, shutting down the telephone network and electrical power grid with just a few mouse clicks. Businesses are paralyzed, hospitals are overwhelmed and roads are gridlocked as people try to flee.This kind of scenario i

6、s invoked by doom-mongers who insist that stepping up physical security since the September 11thattacks is not enough. Road-blocks and soldiers around power stations cannot prevent digital terrorism. “Until we secure our cyber-infrastructure, a few keystrokes and an Internet connection is all one ne

7、eds to disable the economy and endanger lives,” Lamar Smith, a Texas congressman, told a judiciary committee in February. He ended with his catchphrase: “A mouse can be just as dangerous as a bullet or a bomb.” Is he right?It is true that utility companies and other operators of critical infrastruct

8、ure are increasingly connected to the Internet. But just because an electricity companys customers can pay their bills online, it does not necessarily follow that the companys critical control systems are vulnerable to attack. Control systems are usually kept entirely separate from other systems, fo

9、r good reason. They tend to be obscure, old-fashioned systems that are incompatible with internet technology anyhow. Even authorized users require specialist knowledge to operate them. And telecoms firms, hospitals and businesses usually have contingency plans to deal with power failures or flooding

10、.A simulation carried out in August by the United States Naval War College in conjunction with Gartner, a consultancy, concluded that an “electronic Pearl Harbor” attack on Americas critical infrastructure could indeed cause serious disruption, but would first need five years of preparation and 200

11、million dollars of funding. There are far simpler and less costly way to attack critical infrastructure, from hoax phone calls to truck bombs and hijacked airliners.On September 18thRichard Clarke, Americas cyber-security tsar, unveiled his long-awaited blueprint for securing critical infrastructure

12、 from digital attacks. It was a bit of a damp squib (胆怯), making no firm recommendations and proposing no new regulation or legislation. But its lily-livered approach might, in fact be the right one. When a risk has been overstated, inaction may be the best policy.It is difficult to avoid comparison

13、s with the “millennium bug and the predictions of widespread computer chaos arising from the change of date to the year 2000. Then, as now, the alarm was sounded by technology vendors and consultants, who stood to gain from scare-mongering. But Ross Anderson, a computer scientist at Cambridge Univer

14、sity, prefers to draw an analogy with the environmental lobby. Like eco-warriors, he observes, those in the security industrybe the vendors trying to boost sales, academics chasing grants, or politicians looking for bigger budgetshave a built-in incentive to overstate the risks.1. We learn from the

15、first paragraph that _.2. Speaking of the doom-mongers, the author implies that _.3. In the view of Gartner consultant, _.4. “Lily-livered approach” (Paragraph 5) probably means an approach characterized by _.5. We learn from the last paragraph that _.问题1选项A.terrorists could plunge a large American

16、city into chaos through electronic attackB.American people have no experience in dealing with terroristsC.the computer systems of utility companies are rather vulnerableD.the response of emergency services is far from satisfactory问题2选项A.their worries are quite reasonableB.their warnings should be ta

17、ken seriouslyC.they exaggerate the threat utility companies are facingD.they are familiar with the way terrorists strike问题3选项A.terrorists may launch another “Pearl Harbor” attackB.terrorists have ample capital and time to prepare a stunning strikeC.it is very costly and time-consuming to attack crit

18、ical infrastructureD.it is unlikely that terrorists would resort to electronic means to attack critical infrastructure问题4选项A.flexibilityB.boldnessC.cowardiceD.conservatism问题5选项A.the computer industry suffered heavy loss due to the “millennium bug”B.doom-mongers care more about their own interests th

19、an national securityC.computer scientists have better judgment than doom-mongersD.environmentalists are criticized for their efforts of protecting environment【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】We learn from the first paragraph that _. 我们从第一段得知_。A. terrorists could plunge a large American cit

20、y into chaos through electronic attack A. 恐怖分子可以通过电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入混乱B. American people have no experience in dealing with terrorists B. 美国人没有对付恐怖分子的经验C. the computer systems of utility companies are rather vulnerable C. 公用事业公司的计算机系统相当脆弱D. the response of emergency services is far from satisfactory D.

21、紧急救援部门的反应远远不能令人满意【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词first paragraph定位到原文第1段。该段第2句提到“恐怖分子通过电子手段侵入（electronically break into the computers）控制美国一个大城市（a large American city）供水的电脑”，最后一句提到“商业瘫痪（Businesses are paralyzed），医院人满为患（hospitals are overwhelmed），人们试图逃离，道路堵塞（roads are gridlocked）。”由此可知，恐怖分子的电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入

22、了瘫痪，A选项“恐怖分子可以通过电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入混乱”表述符合第一段内容。【干扰项排除】B选项“美国人没有对付恐怖分子的经验”，原文只提到了恐怖分子的一次袭击，并未提到美国人是否有相关经验，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“公用事业公司的计算机系统相当脆弱”，原文虽然是说恐怖分子攻击了供水系统的电脑（the computers that control the water supply of a large American city），但作者是为了突出恐怖袭击的恐怖，而不是公用事业公司的计算机系统脆弱。再说也不能单纯从这一个事件就推断它们的系统脆弱，该选项属于过度推理；D选项“紧急救援

23、部门的反应远远不能令人满意”，原文第1段倒数第二句提到了“在紧急救援部门努力应对时（As the emergency services struggle to respond），恐怖分子再次发动袭击。”所以说不是紧急救援部门的反应不够及时，而是恐怖袭击太紧凑，该选项属于曲解原文。第2题:【选项释义】Speaking of the doom-mongers, the author implies that _. 提到悲观论者，作者暗示_。A. their worries are quite reasonable A. 他们的担忧非常有道理B. their warnings should be t

24、aken seriously B. 他们的警告应该被认真对待C. they exaggerate the threat utility companies are facing C. 他们夸大了公用事业公司面对的威胁D. they are familiar with the way terrorists strike D. 他们熟悉恐怖分子的袭击方式【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词the doom-mongers定位到原文第2段。本段第一句提到“这些场景（第一段的内容）是悲观论者提出的（invoked by doom-mongers）”由上一题可知，原文第1段提到“恐怖

25、分子可以通过电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入混乱。”但是第2段最后一句质疑了一位悲观论者的观点“他是正确的吗？”第3段第2句提到“但是，仅仅因为电力公司的客户可以在线支付账单，并不一定意味着（it does not necessarily）该公司的关键控制系统容易受到攻击（are vulnerable to attack）。”由此可知，作者认为悲观论者的观点夸大了公共事业公司系统的脆弱程度，C选项“他们夸大了公用事业公司面对的威胁”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们的担忧非常有道理”，与原文作者观点相反，作者认为他们的担忧存在夸大因素，不会认为“他们的担忧非常有道理”，该选项属于曲解原文；B选项

26、“他们的警告应该被认真对待”，与原文作者观点相反，作者认为他们的担忧存在夸大因素，他们的警告也是过分担忧，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“他们熟悉恐怖分子的袭击方式”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。第3题:【选项释义】In the view of Gartner consultant, _. 高德纳咨询公司（Gartner）认为_。A. terrorists may launch another “Pearl Harbor” attack A. 恐怖分子可能会发动另一次“珍珠港”袭击B. terrorists have ample capital and time to prepare a s

27、tunning strike B. 恐怖分子有充足的资金和时间来准备一次惊人的袭击C. it is very costly and time-consuming to attack critical infrastructure C. 攻击关键基础设施是非常昂贵和耗时的D. it is unlikely that terrorists would resort to electronic means to attack critical infrastructure D. 恐怖分子不太可能诉诸电子手段袭击关键基础设施【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Gartner con

28、sultant定位到原文第4段，本段提到了高德纳咨询公司和美国海军战争学院做的一个模拟得出的结论，“对美国关键基础设施的电子珍珠港攻击（an electronic Pearl Harbor attack）确实会造成严重破坏，但首先需要五年的时间准备和2亿美元的资金（five years of preparation and 200 million dollars of funding）。”由此可知，该公司认为采用电子手段袭击美国的关键基础设施是昂贵且耗时的。本段最后一句提到“攻击关键基础设施有更简单、成本更低的（far simpler and less costly way）方法，从恶作剧电话

29、到卡车炸弹和劫持飞机。”由此可知，该公司认为恐怖分子会选择其他更简单、成本更低的方式，而非电子手段。因此，D选项“恐怖分子不太可能诉诸电子手段袭击关键基础设施”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“恐怖分子可能会发动另一次珍珠港袭击”，原文提到“珍珠港”袭击只是把恐怖分子对关键基础设施的电子手段攻击比喻成“电子珍珠港袭击”，并不是说他们要再次发动“珍珠港”袭击，另外，该公司认为电子手段昂贵又耗时，恐怖分子不会采取这种方式，该选项属于偷换概念；B选项“恐怖分子有充足的资金和时间来准备一次惊人的袭击”，原文只是提到用电子手段攻击美国关键基础设施昂贵又耗时，并没有提到恐怖分子是否有“充足的资金和时间”，该

30、选项属于偷换概念；C选项“攻击关键基础设施是非常昂贵和耗时的”，原文是说“用电子手段”攻击关键的基础设施是非常昂贵和耗时的，并不是说只要攻击关键基础设施就是非常昂贵和耗时的，更何况，第四段最后一句还提到了有更简单、成本更低的方式，该选项属于过度推理。第4题:【选项释义】“Lily-livered approach” (Paragraph 5) probably means an approach characterized by _. “_的方法”（第5段）可能指以_为特征的方法。A. flexibility A. 灵活B. boldness B. 大胆C. cowardice C. 胆怯D.

31、 conservatism D. 保守【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 5和Lily-livered approach定位到原文第5段倒数第2句，该句提到“但实际上，这种_的做法可能是正确的。”由此可知，Lily-livered形容的是上文提到的某个做法。前两句提到“理查德克拉克公布了人们期待已久的保护关键基础设施免受数字攻击的蓝图”，并且给出的评价是“它（这个蓝图）有点胆怯（a damp squib），没有给出任何确定的建议，也没有提出任何新规定或法律条文。”由a damp squib推断，这种方法的特点应该是C选项“胆怯”。【干扰项排除】A选项“灵

32、活”、B选项“大胆”、D选项“保守”，均不符合原文。第5题:【选项释义】We learn from the last paragraph that _. 我们从最后一段中可知_。A. the computer industry suffered heavy loss due to the “millennium bug” A. 由于“千年虫问题”，计算机工业遭受了巨大的损失。B. doom-mongers care more about their own interests than national security B. 比起国家安全，悲观论者更关心自己的利益C. computer sc

33、ientists have better judgment than doom-mongers C. 计算机科学家的判断力比那些危言耸听者强D. environmentalists are criticized for their efforts of protecting environment D. 环保主义者因其保护环境的努力而受到批评【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词last paragraph定位到原文最后一段。最后一段第2句提到“当时和现在一样，技术供应商和顾问们发出了警报，他们从散布恐慌中获利（stood to gain from scare-mongeri

34、ng）。”最后一句提到“安全行业的人无论是试图推动销售的供应商、追求拨款的学者，还是寻求更大预算的政客都有一种内在的动机去夸大风险（a built-in incentive to overstate the risks）。”由此可知，安全行业的人像当时的计算机供应商和顾问们一样，只是为了自己的利益，夸大风险，散播恐慌，并非是因为担心国家安全，B选项“比起国家安全，悲观论者更关心自己的利益”，原文中这些夸大风险的人就是作者所说的悲观论者。【干扰项排除】A选项“由于千年虫问题，计算机工业遭受了巨大的损失”，可定位到最后一段第1句，该句提到“千年虫问题把日期改到2000年”和“关于该漏洞导致大范围的

35、计算机混乱的预测”，原文只是“预测”，并没有明确地说“计算机工业因此遭受了巨大的损失”，该选项属于过度推理；C选项“计算机科学家的判断力比那些危言耸听者强”，原文最后一段第3句提到计算机科学家“将危言耸听者与环境游说团体进行类比（draw an analogy with the environmental lobby）”，并没有对计算机科学家和那些危言耸听者的判断力进行比较，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“环保主义者因其保护环境的努力而受到批评”，原文最后一段第3句虽然提到了“环境游说团体（the environmental lobby）”，并且提到他们是做负面的例子，但是他们遭受批评并不是因为“

36、他们为保护环境做出的努力”，而是因为他们为了自己的利益，夸大风险（have a built-in incentive to overstate the risks）。该选项属于曲解原文。4. 单选题The _ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people. On the contrary, it often happens to himself.问题1选项A.commonB.generalC.usualD.average【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. common 普通的 B. general 普遍的；一般的；笼统的C.

37、usual 惯常的 D. average 普通的；一般的【答案】D【考查点】近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“_司机（The _ driver）认为事故只发生在别人身上。相反，这种事经常发生在他自己（himself）身上。”空格处所填词修饰的是名词“司机”，根据句意推测，一般的司机都认为事故只发生在别人身上，D选项average“普通的；一般的”最符合语境，the average driver指一般的司机。Average的基本义是平均的，该词在表达“普通的”这一意项时，更侧重于强调群体中个体的情况。【干扰项排除】A选项common“普通的”，侧重于指不特别；B选项general“普遍的；一般的

38、；笼统的”，侧重于强调整体性，忽略个体和例外；原文使用的是单数，最后用的也是himself，所以侧重于强调个体的average更合适；C选项usual“惯常的”，侧重于描述在特定的情况下最常发生的事情，强调习惯性的，一般不用于形容人。【句意】一般的司机认为事故只发生在别人身上。相反，这种事经常发生在他自己身上。5. 单选题What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, _ to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.问题1选项A

39、.giving wayB.giving inC.gave wayD.gave in【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. giving way 让路（现在分词） B. giving in 屈服（现在分词）C. gave way 让路（过去分词） D. gave in 屈服（过去分词）【答案】A【考查点】非谓语动词与语义衔接【解题思路】前文内容为“大石头突然不见了”，后文内容为“一片平地”，根据前后语义可知，大石头没有了，紧接着的是一片平地，大石头给平地让路更符合语义衔接，空格处为非谓语动词，大石头给平地让路，类似于主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。A选项giving way“让路（现在分词）”符合要求

40、。【干扰项排除】B选项giving in“屈服（现在分词）”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项gave way“让路（过去分词）”，过去分词形式，表被动，原句中不存在被动关系；D选项gave in“屈服（过去分词）”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】突然大石头不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有丛生的灌木，这使我们松了一口气。6. 单选题Barack Obama is the freshest face in the early lineup of presidential candidates. Is he too fresh? Would eight years in the Illinois S

41、tate Senate, and four in the U.S. Senate qualify him for the Oval office in 2008? American political history gives an answer: a resounding “probably”.Thirty-seven men have been elected President since 1789, and the American people have applied two different standards in evaluating their achievements

42、. The first was formulated by Alexander Hamilton who test-drove the presidency in Federalist papers. The difficulty of winning the job he argued, virtually guaranteed it would be held by the best men. “Talents for low intrigue, and the little art of popularity”, could “elevate a man to the first hon

43、ors in a single state”. But only “characters pre-eminent for ability and virtue” could impress the nation as a whole. The first seven Presidents, who filled the job for almost a half-century, confirmed Hamiltons prediction. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were heroes of the Americ

44、an Revolution. James Madison was prime mover in the push to write and ratify the Constitution. James, Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal triumphs: Monroe successfully fought against the English troops during the war in 1814, and Adams, as Monroes Secretary of State, conceived the Monroe Doctrin

45、e, which waved Europe off the western hemisphere. Andrew Jackson, the frontier warrior, beat the Creek Indians in the old southwest and British in New Orleans.It was not until the eighth President Martin Van Buren that American aimed lower. Van Buren was a smooth self-made man from upstate New York

46、who clambered to leadership first in his state, then in the Democratic Party nationwide. He was a wire puller and wheeler-dealer. Former President John Quincy Adams praised his “calmness”, “gentleness” and “discretion”, though not his “profound dissimulation (掩饰)” and “fawning (讨好) servility”. Van B

47、uren was a pol, first, last and always. He showed that intrigue and the art of popularity were now enough to win the White House. Since 1841, most successful presidential candidates have passed the Van Buren test. The electorate wants leaders who have played the game, even they havent been All-Stars

48、. Its a low but sensible hurdle; Obama qualifies by that standard.Voters also dont take kindly to non-politicians: two businessmen, Wendell Willkie and Ross Perot, made serious runs for the White House, although neither came close. Americans will elect a political neophyte (新手) only if he passes the

49、 Hamilton test of pre-eminent ability, Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight Eisenhower had never held elective office, but they won their wars. Some Presidents pass both tests: Theodore Roosevelt fought well in the Spanish-American War and in New York State politics. Among the prospective 2008 candidates, on

50、ly one has shown pre-eminent ability: Rudy Guiliani, in solving the crime problem in the nations largest city and in his response to 9/11.But is pre-eminent ability a reliable predictor of success? It doesnt guarantee victory at the polls. Henry Clay was master of legislative finesse who helped brok

51、er the Missouri Compromises of 18201821, a deal between slave states and free states that kept the two sides from each others throats for 30 years. Yet he failed to become President in three tries. Great achievements dont guarantee great presidencies even when the pre-eminent man wins. The Eisenhowe

52、r Administration, scorned by eggheads of the left and right while it was going on, has revised upward by later scholars, and a similar process is lifting Grants presidency from the cellar to which an unholy alliance of neo-Confederates and genteel reformers had consigned it. But neither man will eve

53、r be considered as great in peace as he was in war.There have also been ordinary-seeming politicians who became epoch-making Presidents. After the 1932 Democratic, Convention picked New York governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist H. L. Mencken described him as a man “whose competence was plainly

54、 in doubt.” The Republican nomination of one-term Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln in 1860 brought this sneer from diarist George Templeton Strong: “He cut a great many rails, and worked on a flatboat in early youth; all which is somehow presumptive evidence of his statesmanship.”Statesmanship i

55、s an art, which means there is always room for inspiration, and for grace. We are right to look for a record of pre-eminent ability when we can find it. But the basic doctrine of republican government, that all men are created equal, can be a surprise bonus for some leaders, as well as a guarantee o

56、f rights for all of us. Sometimes greatness appears in unlikely places, even in ordinary pols from Illinois.1. In Hamiltons view, “the best men” include all the following EXCEPT _.2. Van Buren could win the presidency NOT because _.3. Which of the following is not proper?4. The word “finesses” the f

57、ifth paragraph probably means _.5. What does this passage mainly talk about?问题1选项A.those who are capable and noble-mindedB.those who have the art of popularityC.those who confirmed Hamiltons predictionD.John Adams who made great achievement问题2选项A.of his intrigue and the art of popularityB.he was a s

58、elf-made man from upstate New YorkC.of his “profound dissimulation” and “fawning servility”D.the Americans changed their standards问题3选项A.Hamilton thought that the best men would hold the presidency.B.Neither great abilities nor achievements ensure the successful presidency.C.All the presidents from

59、the war were slightly criticized by the public.D.Even a freshman can be elected as President if he is prominent in ability.问题4选项A.intrigueB.approachC.measureD.skill问题5选项A.Obama will probably become President according to the American history.B.All the presidential candidates should pass both the two

60、 mentioned tests.C.Who will be the next U.S. President is still not clear before election.D.Any presidential candidates would break the Hamilton and Van Burens tests.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】In Hamiltons view, “the best men” include all the following EXCEPT _. 在汉密尔顿（Hamilton）看来，“最优

61、秀的人”包括以下所有人，除了_。A. those who are capable and noble-minded A. 那些德才兼备的人B. those who have the art of popularity B. 那些有受欢迎的技巧的人C. those who confirmed Hamiltons prediction C. 那些证实汉密尔顿预测的人D. John Adams who made great achievement D. 取得了巨大成就的约翰亚当斯（John Adams）【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Hamiltons view和the be

62、st men定位到原文第二段。本段第三、四、五句提到“他认为，赢得这份工作的难度，实际上保证了这份工作将由最优秀的人（the best men）担任”，“低级阴谋的天赋和受欢迎的小技巧（the little art of popularity）只会给人带来一个州里（he first honors in a single state）的最高荣誉”，“但只有德才兼得（pre-eminent for ability and virtue）的人，才能给整个国家留下深刻印象（impress the nation as a whole）”。由此可知，汉密尔顿认为“有受欢迎的小技巧”的人只能在一个州的范围内

63、有所成就，他们不是能够成为总统的最优秀的人。因此，B选项“那些有受欢迎的技巧的人”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“那些德才兼备的人”，由【解题思路】可知，“德才兼备的人”是汉密尔顿认为的最优秀的人，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；C选项“那些证实汉密尔顿预测的人”，可定位到原文第二段第六句，该句提到“前七任总统，证实了汉密尔顿的预言（confirmed Hamiltons prediction）。”由此可知，这些人证实了汉密尔顿的预测，他们成功担任了美国的总统，说明他们是最优秀的人。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；D选项“取得了巨大成就的约翰亚当斯”，可定位到原文第二段第七句，该句提到“乔治华盛顿、约翰亚当斯（John Adams）和托马斯杰斐逊是美国独立战争的英雄。”由此可知，约翰亚当斯是美国前七任总统之一，那么他也属于汉密尔顿认为的最优秀的人。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰。第2题:【选项释义】Van Buren could win the presidency NOT because _. 范布伦（Van Buren）能够赢得总统大选并不是因为_。A. of his intrigue and the art of popularity A. 他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的