2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题27（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题27（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题27（附答案详解）（32页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题There is a standard method（ ）officers are selected for promotion.问题1选项A.wherebyB.thatC.whereD.whereas【答案】B【解析】考查从句。A选项whereby“凭此，借以，由于”，B选项that“那个”，C选项where“哪里”，D选项whereas“然而，尽管”。句意：选拔军官晋升有一个标准的方法。因此, B选项符合句意。2. 单选题Immigration officials have to be very careful i

2、n deciding whether to（ ）all or only some of those illegal immigrants.问题1选项A.dissolveB.deportC.distractD.detect【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dissolve“解散，使溶解”，B选项deport，“驱逐出境，放逐”，C选项“转移，分散”，D选项detect“察觉，发现”。句意：移民官员在决定是将全部非法移民驱逐出境还是仅将部分非法移民驱逐出境时必须非常谨慎。因此, B选项符合句意。3. 翻译题在西方，启蒙思想的支撑源于人们对于客观规律的认知，如哥白尼的“日心说”、牛顿的“万有引力

3、”、伽利略的“宇宙论”等，认为整个宇宙中的一切物体都遵守同一定律，进而冲破千年的宗教束缚，将这一一理性思考引入了人类社会，从而开创了一个不断进取的新时代。在中国，几千年的封建农业社会，使得科技落后、法治传统缺乏，只是受到近代西方启蒙思想(包括马克思主义)的影响，才引入了科学、民主、法治的概念，开始与世界文明接轨。【答案】In the west, the enlightenment of the support from the people for the objective laws of cognition, such as Copernicusheliocentric theory ,

4、“gravity” of Newton, Galileos “cosmology” etc, think that everything in the universe are subject to the same law, to shake off the yoke of the religion in one thousand will be the one to think rationally the introduction of human society, which opened a new era of continuous improvement. In China, t

5、he thousands of years of feudal agricultural society made science and technology backward and the tradition of rule of law lacking. It was only under the influence of modern western enlightenment thoughts (including Marxism) that the concepts of science, democracy and rule of law were introduced and

6、 began to connect with the world civilization.4. 单选题There are Americans who visit France and come back saying “the French are so rude. ”I feel differently. I think Americans perceive French behavior “rude” because it doesnt follow American rules. You cant assume that everyone in France should speak

7、English. You cant approach a French stranger with a big American hello and “how are you” and expect them to respond in kind. However, if you look them in the eye, give a slight nod with a gentle hello, they will respond favorably.Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified. They are not loud,

8、 and they are reserved in their expressions. We like to say words like “great”, “magnificent”, or “marvelous ”The French will say “pas mal” (not bad) even if they win the lottery! And you will be wrong if you think Europeans dont have their own negative idea of Americans. Most young Europeans Ive me

9、t view Americans as “fake” and loud, since we do tend to have big hellos and smiles for strangers and ask “how are you” and walk away before a response. We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to enter a foreign country and

10、 have everything be just as we wish it to be.I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course). I was still the one with the loudest laugh. And I could never quite get my voice to that l

11、evel which is “loud enough for the waiter to hear but not nearby diners” I will always feel a bit like an awkward teenager as I stumble my way around Europe. I was very lucky in that my French friends insisted my American idiosyncrasies (习性) were charming and deserving of acceptance.So look at the F

12、rench in a new light. They have a rich culture, a rich past. I can attest to the fact that if you are kind and polite, you will gain friends, and perhaps even improve foreign relations!1. According to the passage, what makes Americans think that the French are rude?2.Compared with Americans, the Fre

13、nch tend to（ ）when they give compliments.3.Which of the flowing does the author probably agree?4.The main purpose of the passage can be best put as to（ ）.问题1选项A.The way French people greet strangers in public is impolite and unkind.B.The way French people behave differs from what Americans are used

14、to.C.Few French hold a friendly or favorable attitude toward English speakers.D.Few French respond to strangers gentle and kind greetings favorably.问题2选项A.speak at a loud and dignified voiceB.avoid using negative expressionsC.choose subtle and moderate expressionsD.be generous and somewhat exaggerat

15、ing问题3选项A.One should stick to his own culture when he communicates with foreigners.B.One should fully adapt to the cultural norms of a foreign country he lives in.C.One can keep some rules of his native culture when living in a foreign county.D.One can easily make friends with foreigners by learning

16、 their idiosyncrasies问题4选项A.explain a cultural concept by comparing two peoples behaviorsB.tell a true story based on the authors own experience in a foreign countryC.prove a popular view on a nation by use of logical reasoningD.refute a national stereotype with evidence from the authors own experie

17、nce【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“I think Americans perceive French behavior rude because it doesnt follow American rules.”我认为美国人认为法国人的行为“粗鲁”，因为它不遵守美国的规则。A选项“法国人与陌生人在公众场合打招呼的方式是不礼貌和不友好的”，B选项“法国人与美国人的行为方式所习惯的不同”，C选项“很少有法国人对说英语的人持友好或有利的态度”。D选项“很少有法国人会亲切地问候陌生人”。因此，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干

18、定位到第二段首句“Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified.”A选项“大声而庄重的说话”，B选项“避免使用消极的表达”，C选项“选择微妙和适度的表达”。D选项“慷慨一点，夸张一点”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文中的“I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with s

19、ocks of course).” 在逗留期间，我没能完全忘记我的美国根。我仍然是那个在寒冷的天气里穿着凉鞋(当然是袜子)，被别人奇怪地看着的人。对应C选项“一个人在异国他乡生活时，可以保持一些本国文化的规则”。A选项“当一个人与外国人交流时，他应该坚持自己的文化”。“We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to enter a foreign country and have everything b

20、e just as we wish it to be.”我们应该有意识地向法国人表明，我们能够适应我们的环境，我们不希望进入一个外国，一切都像我们希望的那样。可得知A选项错误。B选项“一个人应该完全适应他所生活的外国的文化规范”，完全适应过于绝对。D选项“通过了解外国人的性格特点，我们可以很容易地和他们交朋友”。原文没有提到。因此，C选项符合题意。4.作者意图题。题目问的是这篇文章的主要目的最好的解释是什么，定位到文章的首段“There are Americans who visit France and come back saying the French are so rude. I f

21、eel differently. ”有些美国人到法国旅游回来后说:“法国人太粗鲁了。”我感觉不一样。后文也是用自己的亲身经历来反驳这些美国人的观点。A选项“通过比较两个人的行为来解释一个文化概念”，B选项“根据作者自己在国外的经历讲一个真实的故事”，C选项“用逻辑推理证明一个国家的流行观点”，D选项“用作者自己的经验来反驳国家的刻板印象”。因此，D选项符合题意。5. 翻译题I dont recall French civilization feeling so important in my lifetime. There will be ugly arguments over the com

22、ing weeks, once the first shock passes, over who was responsible, how this disaster happened, what negligence was involved. But in those silent, reverent, hymn-singing crowds on the streets of Paris, I also saw the possibility of a French coming-together in the determination to rebuild not only the

23、Notre-Dame cathedral, but also a nation shaken by the violence of the Yellow Vest movement and the social divisions it reflects. The story of Notre-Dame is a story of endurance and rebirth.【答案】在我的一生中，法国文明从未有过如此重要的感觉。在接下来的几周内，一旦第一波冲击过去，谁应该对此负责，这场灾难是如何发生的，哪些过失牵涉其中，将会有令人不快的争论。但在那些沉默的,虔诚的,只需人群在巴黎街头,我也看到

24、了一个法国相遇了的可能性的决心重建不仅圣母院大教堂,也是一个国家遭受的暴力黄色背心运动和社会部门反映。巴黎圣母院的故事是一个关于忍耐和重生的故事。6. 单选题After newspaper reports claimed the company was dumping toxic waste illegally. It came under（ ）from the authorities.问题1选项A.insultB.solitudeC.nuisanceD.scrutiny【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项insult“侮辱”；B选项solitude“孤独”；C选项nuisance“损害

25、”；D选项scrutiny“详细审查”。句意：在报纸报道这家公司非法倾倒有毒废料之后，它受到了当局的审查。本句表示公司受到审查。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题We object to the idea that it is military force that should be（ ）in settling international disputes.问题1选项A.applied toB.resorted toC.fallen back onD.restrained from【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项applied to“向申请”；B选项resorted to“依靠、求助于”

26、；C选项fallen back on“没有其他办法时救助”；D选项restrained from“克制”。句意：我们反对用军事力量来解决国际争端的观点。本句表示依靠军事力量，因此B选项正确。8. 单选题（ ）for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Were it notC.Be it notD.Should it not be【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：要不是公众及时投资，我们公

27、司就不会像现在这样繁荣。由此可知，主句和从句发生的时间不一致，主句是对现在的虚拟，所以用would+动词原形；从句是对过去的虚拟，投资发生在公司繁荣之前，所以应使用过去完成时，即had+过去分词。虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词should、had和were，可以将if 省略，将助动词提前。这里还原应该是“If it had not been for the timely investment from the general public”，将助动词提前之后就是Had it not been，所以选项A正确。9. 单选题Some educators try to put students of s

28、imilar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of（ ）grouping is advisable.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.instantaneousC.spontaneousD.anonymous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项homogeneous“同性质的”；B选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；C选项spontaneous“无意识的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者试图把能力相似的学生分到同一个班级，因为他们认为这种同质的分组是可取的。本

29、句表示把能力相似的学生分到一个班是一种同质性的分组。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Investigators believe the fire was caused by（ ）electrical wiring. They said the buildings wiring had not been done by a professional electrician.问题1选项A.soberB.faultyC.promptD.fussy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sober“清醒的”；B选项faulty“错误的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的”；D选项fussy“爱挑剔的”。句

30、意：调查人员认为火灾是由错误的电线引起的。他们说，大楼的布线不是由专业电工完成的。本句表示错误的电线布线。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Its time you（ ）some reading or the other students will leave you behind.问题1选项A.got down toB.adapted toC.held on toD.attended to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项got down to“开始认真”；B选项adapted to“适应于”；C选项held on to“坚持”；D选项attended to“注意”。句意：你该认真读书了，否

31、则其他学生就会把你甩在后面。本句表示开始认真读书。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题American and Chinese cultures are（1）in some ways. An American hostess,（2）for her culinary (烹调) skill, is likely to say, “Oh, Im so glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese hostess, who will instead（3）for giving you nothing even slig

32、htly（4）and for not showing you enough honor（5）providing proper dishes.The same rules hold true（6）children. American parents speak proudly of their childrens achievements, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top o

33、f their school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; Americans（7）“straightforwardness”. This modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness（8）three refusals before one accepts

34、an offer, and American hosts take a “no” to mean “non”, whether its the first, second, or third time.Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation, complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to change some proposal, a

35、nd each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and（9）. My friend was angry that the Chinese had not taken his word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and（10）why the Americans had not studied up on cultural difference before coming to China. It would have saved everyone a lot of p

36、erplexity and needless frustration in their negotiations.问题1选项A.similarB.familiarC.oppositeD.adverse问题2选项A.complimentedB.compiledC.complementedD.commented问题3选项A.praiseB.apologizeC.be disappointedD.be satisfied问题4选项A.eligibleB.illegibleC.suitableD.edible问题5选项A.forB.onC.byD.in问题6选项A.regard forB.regard

37、 asC.regardless ofD.with regard to问题7选项A.inB.ofC.forD.on问题8选项A.calls onB.calls forC.calls upD.calls in问题9选项A.ambiguouslyB.roughlyC.definitelyD.arbitrarily问题10选项A.believedB.knewC.cautionedD.wondered【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar “相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的

38、”；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项be disappointed“失望”；D选项be satisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合

39、题意。4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。6.考查词组辨析。A选项regard for“对的注意”；B选项regard as“把认作”；C选项regardless of“不顾”；D选项with regard to“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对

40、待孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。7.考查介词辨析。take pride in“以为傲”。此处对应了前文的take pride in，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查词组辨析。A选项calls on“访问”；B选项calls for“要求”；C选项calls up“召集”；D选项calls in“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处

41、的意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。13. 单选题There are many who believe that the use of force（ ）political ends can never be justified.问题1选项A.in search ofB.in pursuit ofC.in view ofD.in ligh

42、t of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in search of“寻找”；B选项in pursuit of“在追求时”；C选项in view of“鉴于”；D选项in light of“按照”。句意：许多人认为用武力实现政治目的永远不可能是正当的。本句表示对政治目的的追求。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Technological developments（ ）new skills in many industries，leaving those workers with outdated skills out of work.问题1选项A.necessitateB.associateC.

43、negotiateD.differentiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项necessitate“使成为必要，需要”，B选项associate“联想，联系”，C选项negotiate“谈判，商议”，D选项differentiate“区分，使有差别”。句意：技术的发展使许多行业产生了新技能，使那些拥有过时技能的工人失业。因此，A选项符合句意。15. 单选题A: Lee, have you seen that new vampire movie everyones talking about?B: No, I havent, I（ ）horror films.问题1选项A.loathe

44、B.discardC.resolveD.contest【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项loathe “讨厌”；B选项discard “抛弃”；C选项resolve“决定”；D选项contest“竞争”。句意：A：李，你看过人人都在谈论的那部最新的吸血鬼电影了吗?B：我没看过，我讨厌恐怖片。本句表示讨厌恐怖片。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as well as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.b

45、rought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come off“成功，实现”；B选项go off“离开，变质”；C选项bring out“出版，生产”；D选项make out“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。17. 单选题There is growing（ ）among ecologists that biodiversity cannot be adequately conserved by protected areas alone.问题1选项A.conse

46、nsusB.concessionC.conceptionD.contention【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项consensus“共识，一致”，B选项concession“让步，妥协”，C选项conception“构想，怀孕”，D选项contention“争论，观点”。句意:生态学家们越来越一致认为，仅靠保护区是不能充分保护生物多样性的。因此，A选项符合句意。18. 单选题According to the new school of scientists technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of sci

47、entific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement an i

48、nvention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology

49、argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The core of the argument of a technolog

50、y-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileos role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system often sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileos greatest glory was tha

51、t in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for m

52、aking eyeglasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1. What leads to the expansion

53、 of science in terms of the new school of scientists?2.What is the nature of scientific revolution according to a leader of the new school?3.Why does modern school of scientists pay attention to the invention and improvement of tools and technology?4.What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragr

54、aph?问题1选项A.The creative ideas of the great minds.B.The scientific knowledge of the geniuses.C.The improvement of ordinary tools and techniques.D.The neglected force in scientific innovations.问题2选项A.It helps to invent a series of new instruments.B.It is actually the result of the development of a ser

55、ies of instruments.C.It pushes the science toward a particular direction.D.It has improved the techniques in innumerable directions.问题3选项A.Because they can be applied in scientific experiments.B.Because they are greatly admired by scientists and inventors.C.Because they are overlooked by historians

56、and philosophers.D.Because they can be served as a source of basic innovations.问题4选项A.The governments decision on its finance allocation is determined by its opinion on thepriority between science and technology.B.The government has developed pure science at the expense of technology.C.The governmen

57、t has attached more importance to technology than pure science.D.The government will no longer increase the financial support to pure science.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的第一段，“Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more

58、 ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.”他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。A选项“伟大思想的创造性思想”，B选项“天才的科学知识”，C选项“普通工具和技术的改进”，D选项“科学创新中被忽视的力量”。因此，C选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第一段的最后一句，“ In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely

59、the improvement an invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”简而言之，新学派的一位领袖认为，我们所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列仪器的改进、发明和使用，这些发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。A选项“它有助于发明一系列新仪器”，B选项“它实际上是一系列仪器发展的结果”，C选项“它把科学推向一个特定的方向”，D选项“它在无数方面改进了技术”。因此，B选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的第二段，“O

60、ver the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.”多年来，工具和技术本身作为基础性创新的源泉在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学哲学家们所忽视。A选项“因为他们可以应用于科学实验”， B选项“因为他们深受科学家和发明家的尊敬”， C选项“因为他们被历史学家和哲学家所忽视”, D选项“因为它们可以作为基本创新的源泉”。因此，D选项符合题意。4.判断

61、推理题。根据题干定位到文章的最后一段，“Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.”政府是应该以牺牲技术为代价增加纯科学的融资，还是反过来增加纯科学的融资，往往取决于哪一方被视为驱动力的问题。A选项“政府对其资金配置的决定取决于其对科学与技术优先地位的看法”，B选项“政府以牺牲技术为代价

62、发展了纯科学”，C选项“政府更重视技术而不是纯科学”，D选项“政府将不再增加对纯科学的资金支持”。因此，A选项符合题意。19. 单选题There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from sending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment,（1）there are opportunities for overseas service for qualified technicians in developing countries. Some people, （2）those who reti