2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷96（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The typical sex bribe involves a businessman treating an official to a night at a bathhouse stocked with（ ）, says Liao Ran, who monitors Asia for Transparency International.问题1选项A.prototypesB.propagandasC.prostitutesD.prophets【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prototypes表示“原

2、型，雏型”；B选项propagandas表示“宣传，宣传活动”；C选项prostitutes表示“妓女”；D选项prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。由句中关键词“sex bribe”可知，C选项含义最符合原文，句意理解为：典型的性贿赂包括商人邀请官员在满是妓女的澡堂里过夜。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。2. 翻译题Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the best and brightest college students: in high school

3、, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relatives and friends soon convince them to change their minds.（1）According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling, teachings lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of th

4、e teaching professions most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching, currently popular in newspapers, magazines, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching; the expression teacher burnout is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated tea

5、chers who are leaving the profession.（2）Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom，vandalism（肆意破坏行为）inadequate salaries，involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and excessive paperwork. Even the best teachers cannot solve a childs problems, but many

6、 of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.（3）Despite the more limited financial prospects, the deterioration of the American publics attitude toward teachers, and the problems caused by disruptive students，many of the best students conclude that they want to p

7、ursue careers in the classroom after all. They usually discover that they want personal fulfillment from their lifes work more than they want material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growing body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions, rather than the rule

8、, in Americas more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teaching profession has to become more attractive to good students.（4）Prospective teac

9、hers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations，state certification agencies，and local districts on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacherssuch as policing the restrooms

10、, hallways, and cafeteriasare important for upgrading the profession.While teaching is not a wise career choice for all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their lifes work.（4）Though the first year of teaching is frequently the most frust

11、rating year in a teachers life, the experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students, parents, administrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.Put the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese.【答案】1.根据最近几份关于美国公立学校教育缺点的报告，对最聪明的大学生来说，

12、教学缺乏吸引力是教师行业最令人担忧的问题之一。2.教师的职业倦怠是由以下问题引起的:教室里的暴力行为、故意破坏、工资不高、非自愿的调动、家长的干预、班级规模过大和作业批改工作过多。3. 尽管教师的经济前景更加有限，美国公众对教师态度的恶化，以及破坏性学生造成的问题，然而许多优秀的学生还是决定想在教室里追求事业。4.未来的教师将看到国家教师组织、国家认证机构和当地对提高教师职业地位以及提高教师工资的重视。5.虽然第一年的教学往往是教师生涯中最令人沮丧的一年，但解决与指示、学生、家长、管理员和同事有关的问题的经验对未来的成功具有不可估量的价值。3. 单选题Recently a number of

13、cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.duplicatingB.acceleratingC.stimulatingD.modifying【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。duplicate复制；accelerate加速，促进；stimulate刺激，鼓舞；modify修改，修饰。从前后语义可推测儿童与从电视上看到的暴力行为之间的关系，应该是儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为。故A项正确。句意：最近有一些儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为的报道。4. 单选题Spea

14、kers and listeners are often at odds: language that is easy for the receiver to understand is often difficult to produce, and that which is easily formulated can be hard to（ ）.问题1选项A.comprehendB.ignoreC.confirmD.defend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽视，不理睬confirm 确认，确定； defend辩护。由前半句可知说话者与接受者之

15、间存在矛盾，故后面可推知这两者之间还存在另一种矛盾，即容易表达的话却难以理解。故A项正确。句意：说话者和倾听者常常意见不一致:容易让接受者理解的语言往往很难产生，而容易表达的语言却很难理解。5. 单选题Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with informa

16、tion. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionage spying as a profession. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter

17、of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it open-source intelligence, and as the Net grows, it is beco

18、ming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its .merely of the electronic world.Among the firms making the bigges

19、t splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying（covering-nations from Chile to RussiA. to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are a

20、vailable online at www. straitford .com.Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world

21、 and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine, says Friedman, a former political science professor. And well hear back from some of them. Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell

22、good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military- intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washingto

23、n back-and-forthing, whereby agencies chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has（ ）.2. The text mentions Donovans story to（ ）.3. The most probable meaning of making the biggest splash（Line 1, Paragraph 3）is（ ）.4. Paragr

24、aph 4 suggests that（ ）.5. Straitford is most proud of its（ ）.问题1选项A.received support from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession问题2选项A.honor his unique services to the CIAB.show how he fought for the USC.give an episode of

25、 the information warD.introduce the topic of online spying问题3选项A.causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity问题4选项A.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable informationB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its in

26、formationC.Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictabilityD.Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true问题5选项A.official statusB.efficient staffC.nonconformist imageD.military background【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段最后一句“These days the Net, which has already re-made

27、 such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.”可知，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多诺万的职业。而有上文可知，多诺万早前从事的是情报工作，所以网络的出现重塑了情报工作。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。2.推理判断题。文章的开始通过介绍多诺万的故事引入了话题“网络的出现重塑了情报工作”。之后又介绍了网络对于信息搜集和分享的影响，由此可以判断作者提到多诺万的故事就是为了引入话题。故本题正确答案为D选项“引入网上间谍的话题”。3.词汇题

28、。通过上下文语境以及句意可知，这家公司在情报分析领域名声大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C选项含义与“making the biggest splash”含义最为接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。由原文第四段可知，网络是一种信息收集和发布相互强化的工具。公司可以从世界的角落收集数据，而在发布相关报告后，又会有人予以回复，反馈最新情况，所以由此可知，网络的存在使得Straiford公司能够提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正确答案为A选项。5.细节事实题。由原文最后一句“Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its ind

29、ependent voice.”可知，斯特雷福德为自己的独立声音感到自豪。说明斯特雷福德公司敢于发声，不落俗套，从不墨守成规。因此本题正确答案为C选项。6. 单选题It appeared to me that they were not doing anything for the patientthey did not ask me to help,（ ）say a word.问题1选项A.they did notB.nor did theyC.they didD.didnt they【答案】B【解析】考查语法。在英语中，两个简单句之间若有逗号连接，必须要用连词或引导词。故只有B项符合题意。

30、句意：在我看来，他们没有为病人做任何事他们没有请我帮忙，也没有说一句话。7. 单选题Thailands Prime Minister told the nation on a live television that the government was going to（ ）terrorists（ ）the red-shirt protesters.问题1选项A.hinder fromB.distinguish fromC.prevent. fromD.distinctfrom【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。hinder from妨碍，阻止；distinguish from区分，辨别； pr

31、event. from 预防，防止；distinctfrom与不同。句意：泰国总理阿披实星期一在电视上对全国人民说，将把恐怖分子和红衫军抗议者区分开。只有B项符合句意。8. 单选题No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.There have been and may again be great individual thinkers i

32、n a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered t

33、o be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and th

34、e impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the

35、reasons of the opposite side, if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of th

36、e world, the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into

37、 real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of

38、 the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their

39、 conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrin

40、es which they themselves profess.1. According to the author, it is always advisable to（ ）.32. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find（ ）.3. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?4. According to the author, the person who -

41、holds orthodox beliefs without examination maybe described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?问题1选项A.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with whi

42、ch one disagreesB.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclinationC.have opinions which cannot be refutedD.suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches问题2选项A.acceptance of truthB.controversy over principlesC.inordinate enthusiasmD.a dread of heterodox speculation问题

43、3选项A.Most educated people study both sides of a question.B.The majority of those who argue eloquently truly know only one side of an issue.C.In debatable issues, we should rely on the opinions of the experts for guidance.D.Heterodox speculation will lead to many unnecessary errors of thinking.问题4选项A

44、.enslaved by traditionB.less than folly rationalC.having a closed mindD.determined on controversy问题5选项A.A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachers.C.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflectionD.exc

45、essive controversy prevents clear thinking.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。由第三段“That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do the

46、ir very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that

47、 difficulty. 这不是公正对待这些论点的方法，也不是让它们与她自己的思想真正接触的方法。她必须能够听到那些真正相信这些论点的人的声音，那些真诚地为这些论点辩护的人的声音，那些竭尽全力为这些论点辩护的人的声音。她必须以最似是而非、最具说服力的形式来认识这些问题:她必须感受到对问题的真实看法所必须面对和处理的困难的全部力量;否则，她将永远无法真正掌握真理的那一部分，从而克服并消除那个困难。据此可知作者认为如果一个人只知道自己的观点而不关心对立观点，不倾听对立观点的声音，那么就很难获得真理。”作者用了三个must表明正确的做法是什么，从中我们了解到正确做法就是要熟悉那些你不赞成的观点。故A

48、项正确。2.判断推理题。由第二段“There have been and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slaveryWhere there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we canno

49、t hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. 在精神奴役的普遍氛围中，曾经有，而且可能会再次出现伟大的个人思想家。但是，在那种气氛中，从来没有，也永远不会有一个思想活跃的民族。在那里有一种不成文的惯例，即原则是不容置疑的，对那些可以占据人类的最伟大的问题的讨论被认为是封闭的，我们就不能指望发现使某些历史时期如此非凡的普遍的大规模精神活动。”文艺复兴是属于思想活动的顶峰，必然会讨论原则问题。所以B项正确。3.细节事实

50、题。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who

51、think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 百分之九十九的所谓受过教育的人处于这种状态;甚至那些能够流利地为自己的观点辩护的人。他们的结论可能是正确的，但也可能他们所知道的一切都是错误的。他们从未把自己置于与他们想法不同的人的心理位置上，也从未考虑过这些人可能会

52、说些什么;所以结果是他们不知道他们自己所信奉的教条的真正的意义。”由此可知A项与之相反，B项与之相符，故B项正确。CD两项文中没有提及。4.判断推理题。题干问那些持有未经检验的正统信仰的人没有以下哪项特征。A项：为传统所奴役；B项： 不怎么理智；C项：头脑闭塞；D项：对辩论是坚决的。一般来说，持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。故ABC三项都是这种人的特点。5.判断推理题。A项“ 一个真正的思想家不犯错误”；B项“对公认观点的驳斥最好由自己的老师来提供。”C项“智力成就的时期是非正统思考的时期”； D项“ 过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。”由第二段可知历史上思想活动的

53、顶峰时期如文艺复兴时期，各大学派互相辩论，使思想摩擦出火花，使文艺复兴成为文化运动的顶峰。故C项“智力成就的时期是非正统思考的时期”正确。9. 单选题In the late nineteenth century, ecology began to grow into an independent science from its roots in natural history and plant geography. The emphasis of this new community ecology was on the composition and structure of commu

54、nities consisting of different species. In the early twentieth century, the American ecologist Frederic Clements pointed out that a succession of plant communities would develop after a disturbance such as a volcanic eruption, heavy flood, or forest fire. An abandoned field, for instance, will be in

55、vaded successively by herbaceous plants（plants with little or no woody tissue）, shrubs, and trees, eventually becoming a forest. Light-loving species are always among the first invaders, while shade-tolerant species appear later in the succession.Clements and other early ecologists saw almost lawlik

56、e regularity in the order of succession, but that has not been substantiated. A general trend can be recognized, but the details are usually unpredictable. Succession is influenced by many factors: the nature of the soil, exposure to sun and wind, regularity of precipitation, chance colonizations, a

57、nd many other random processes.The final stage of a succession, called the climax by Clements and early ecologists, is likewise not predictable or of uniform composition. There is usually a good deal of turnover in species composition, even in a mature community. The nature of the climax is influenc

58、ed by the same factors that influenced succession. Nevertheless, mature natural environments are usually in equilibrium. They change relatively little through time unless the environment itself changes.For Clements, the climax was a superorganism, an organic entity. Even some authors who accepted th

59、e climax concept rejected Clements1 characterization of it as a superorganism, and it is indeed a misleading metaphor. An ant colony may be legitimately called a superorganism because its communication system is so highly organized that the colony always works as a whole and appropriately according

60、to the circumstances. But there is no evidence for such an interacting communicative network in a climax plant formation. Many authors prefer the term association to the term community in order to stress the looseness of the interaction.Even less fortunate was the extension of this type of thinking

61、to include animals as well as plants. This resulted in the biome, a combination of coexisting flora and fauna. Though it is true that many animals are strictly associated with certain plants, it is misleading to speak of a spruce-moose biome, for example, because there is no internal cohesion to the

62、ir association as in an organism. The spruce community is not substantially affected by either the presence or absence of moose. Indeed, there are vast areas of spruce forest without moose. The opposition to the Clementsian concept of plant ecology was initiated by Herbert Gleason, soon joined by va

63、rious other ecologists. Their major point was that the distribution of a given species was controlled by the habitat requirements of that species and that therefore the vegetation types were a simple consequence of the ecologies of individual plant species.1. Ecology had been rooted in（ ）before it g

64、rew into an independent science.2. According to Frederic Clements,（ ）after a volcanic eruption, heavy flood, or forest fire.3. Succession is influenced by the following factors except（ ）.4. Which of the following is NOT true about “climax”, according to the passage?5. The concept of biome would emphasize that（ ）.问题1选项A.community ecologyB.the science of speciesC.the study of communit