导学案：形式主语和形式宾语

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1、导学案形式主语和形式宾语【语言感知】把下列句子译成汉语1. It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.2. Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.3. It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.4. It seemed that he didnt tell the truth.5.Its necessary for the young to master

2、 two foreign language.6. Its very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.7. It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. Its a waste of time talking to her any more.9. It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.10.He found it difficult to stop smoking 1

3、1.I think it best that you should do more exercise.12.She thought it no good worrying about him.【合作探究】形式主语或形式宾语指的是：当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语或宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语或形式宾语置于句首或句中动词之后，而将真正的主语或宾语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。主要有:一、it作形式主语It 作形式主语的常见句型： It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that .

4、e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) It + be +名词词组 + doing / that .e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)It is a pity that you didnt go to see

5、the film yesterday.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) It + be + 过去分词 + that .该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.(据

6、说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that .e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop son

7、gs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。e.g. Does it matter much that they wont come tomorrow?(他们明天不来很重要吗？)Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出国是真的吗？) It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型，其

8、中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to NewZealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)I am no

9、t sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.二. it作形式宾语在句中,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”：I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。通常意义的形式宾语其真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语

10、+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时 (如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)；e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.(他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。)I dont feel it difficult to understand the Special English.(我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。) 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如l

11、ike, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g. I dont like it that hes so lazy. (我不喜欢他那么懒惰。)I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. (我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。) that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.(尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。) 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。e.g. I leave it to you

12、r own judgment whether you should do it.(我让你自己判断这事是否该做。)【当堂检测】一. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习1. Its easier _ than _.A. say; doB. to say; to doC. says; doesD. saying; doing2. It takes me 30 minutes _ to school by bike every day.A. goingB. to goC. goesD. go3. Its not easy _ us _ a foreign language.A. for; learningB.

13、 of; learningC. of; to learnD. for; to learn4. Children find_ interesting to play computer games.A. thatB. whichC. itD. its5. Do you think it important _ computer well?A. playB. playsC. to playD. playing6. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he7. I dont th

14、ink _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it8. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. thisB. thatC. heD. it9. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder; but _ didnt help.A. heB. whichC. sheD. it10. _ is a fact that English i

15、s being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It11. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A. itB. thatC. theseD. them12. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one13. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office.A. This; thatB

16、. That; thatC. It; thatD. He; that14. We took _ for granted that they would accept our advice.A. thatB. thisC. itD. them15. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?A. Is trueB. Is it trueC. Its trueD. Its truly16. _ doesnt matter much _ dress you are going to wear.A. This; thatB. That; w

17、hoC. It; whichD. It; who17. _ is going to America for further study.A. He is said thatB. People said that heC. It was said heD. It is said that he18. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well.A. ThisB. ThatC. ThereD. It19. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship

18、?A. thisB. thereC. thatD. it20. She liked _ when he kissed her.A. himB. thatC. oneD. it21. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morningA. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD. One22. We think _ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A. thatB. thisC. itsD. it23. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me

19、how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. you24 . -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing25. Our monitor suggested _a discussion of this subject.A. to haveB. should haveC. haveD. having26. Its very kind _ you _ me.A. for; helpi

20、ngB. of ; helpC. for; to helpD. of; to help27 -What do you think of the book？ -Oh; excellentIts worth _a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read28. Its no use forward to from her soon.A. to look; to hear B. looking; hearing C. looking; hearD. look; hear29. It took the workmen only

21、 two hours to finish _ my car.A. repairingB. repairC. to repairD. repaired30. _ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keepingB. KeptC. KeepD. KeepingKey: 15 BBDCC 610 CDDDD 1115 ACCCB1620 CDDDD 2125 ADBCD 2630 DCBAD.中考英语主谓一致练习题（含答案）20. Many a man _ had that kind of experience. A. have B. has

22、 C. is D. are21. No food and no water _ in the house. A. is B. has C. are D. have22. John and his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are23. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. was C. are D. were24. Either my friends or I _ going to the library on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D.

23、 are25. Why did you choose English instead of Japanese? - Because Japanese _ as popular as English. A. isnt B. arent C. has been D. have been26. Only one and a half oranges _ on the plate. A. is B. are C. be D. was27. Nowadays more and more the young _ fond of pop music. A. are B. is C. were D. was2

24、8. To save time _ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is29. There _ a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week. A. will have B. has C. is going to be D. are gone to be30. The Chinese _ peace but they arent afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving31.

25、There _ no orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? - All right, Mum. A. is B. are C. was D. were32. How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. are C. is D. has33. Chinese sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _ Good will Ambassadors for Shanghai. A. have been named B. have nam

26、ed B. has been named D. has named34. Nothing _ difficult in the world, _ it? A. are, are B. is, isnt C. are, arent D. is, is35. On the east of the river _ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing36. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who _ by their teacher. A. prai

27、ses B. is praised C. praise D. are praised37. Swimming in the pool with the children _ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are38. On every piece of the paper _ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have39. No news _ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be40. John with his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. areKey: 20 .B 21-25 A D B C A 26-30 A A D C A 31-35 A A A B C 36-40 D C A C C第 4 页 共 4 页