2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷84（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in

2、 the great game of espionage spying as a profession. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of ele

3、ctronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it open-source intelligence, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest

4、to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its .merely of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private inte

5、lligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying（covering-nations from Chile to RussiA. to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. straitford .com.Straitford president G

6、eorge Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. As soon as that report ru

7、ns, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine, says Friedman, a former political science professor. And well hear back from some of them. Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its ke

8、ep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military- intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies chance they might be wro

9、ng. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has（ ）.2. The text mentions Donovans story to（ ）.3. The most probable meaning of making the biggest splash（Line 1, Paragraph 3）is（ ）.4. Paragraph 4 suggests that（ ）.5. Straitford is most proud of its（ ）.问

10、题1选项A.received support from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession问题2选项A.honor his unique services to the CIAB.show how he fought for the USC.give an episode of the information warD.introduce the topic of online spying问题3选

11、项A.causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity问题4选项A.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable informationB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitfords business is characterized by unpredicta

12、bilityD.Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true问题5选项A.official statusB.efficient staffC.nonconformist imageD.military background【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段最后一句“These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is r

13、eshaping Donovans vocation as well.”可知，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多诺万的职业。而有上文可知，多诺万早前从事的是情报工作，所以网络的出现重塑了情报工作。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。2.推理判断题。文章的开始通过介绍多诺万的故事引入了话题“网络的出现重塑了情报工作”。之后又介绍了网络对于信息搜集和分享的影响，由此可以判断作者提到多诺万的故事就是为了引入话题。故本题正确答案为D选项“引入网上间谍的话题”。3.词汇题。通过上下文语境以及句意可知，这家公司在情报分析领域名声大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C选项含义与“making the big

14、gest splash”含义最为接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。由原文第四段可知，网络是一种信息收集和发布相互强化的工具。公司可以从世界的角落收集数据，而在发布相关报告后，又会有人予以回复，反馈最新情况，所以由此可知，网络的存在使得Straiford公司能够提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正确答案为A选项。5.细节事实题。由原文最后一句“Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.”可知，斯特雷福德为自己的独立声音感到自豪。说明斯特雷福德公司敢于发声，不落俗套，从不墨守成规

15、。因此本题正确答案为C选项。2. 单选题Hillary Clinton on Tuesday stressed that the battle for（ ）equality and preventing violence against women needs to be a priority for both women and men.问题1选项A.scandalB.genderC.egoD.asset【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。scandal丑闻；gender性别；ego自我；asset资产。由“and preventing violence against women 防止对妇女的

16、暴力行为”可推知前半句是提倡男女平等。故B项正确。句意：希拉里克林顿于本周二强调，男女平等和防止针对女性的暴力行为的斗争应该是男女双方的首要任务。3. 单选题Located in the Free Trade Zone, the trade center sells goods imported from Europe, offering nearly 17,000 products from 52（ ）European brands.问题1选项A.well-knownB.overseasC.ready-madeD.counterfeit【答案】A【解析】A选项well-known表示“著名的

17、，众所周知的”；B选项overseas表示“海外的，国外的”；C选项ready-made表示“现成的，做好的，平凡的，陈旧的”；D选项counterfeit表示“仿造的，假冒的”。 分析句子可知，空缺处单词修饰European brands，因此只有A选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为A选项。句意：该贸易中心位于自由贸易区，销售从欧洲进口的商品，提供来自52个知名欧洲品牌的近17000种产品。4. 单选题According to anthropologists, people in pre-industrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or ab

18、out 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution（1760-1840）when 10-to-12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even, with extensive time devoted to work, however, both

19、 incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870s, but did not become common in the United State

20、s until the 1920s.In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 19305s. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his

21、factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.The Depression years of the 1930 have brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work a

22、round; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, how

23、ever, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metal workers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target o

24、f 1800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2088 hours per worker, compared to 1957 for the United States and 1646 for France.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Compared to pre-industrial times, the number of hours in the workwe

25、ek in the nineteenth century（ ）.3. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the United States during the 1930s?4. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?5. Which of the following is NOT menti

26、oned as evidence that the length of the workweek has been declining since the nineteenth century?问题1选项A.Why people in pre-industrial societies worked few hours per weekB.Working conditions during the Industrial RevolutionC.A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industriesD.Ch

27、anges that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week问题2选项A.remained constantB.decreased slightlyC.increased significantlyD.decreased significantly问题3选项A.The United States government instituted a 3 5-hour workweek.B.Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in th

28、e United States.C.Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.D.Several people sometimes shared a single job.问题4选项A.To discourage workers from asking for increased wagesB.To allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workersC.To establish a limit on the number of hours

29、 in the workweekD.To restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek问题5选项A.The half-day holidayB.United States Steel and WestinghouseC.Henry FordD.German metalworkers【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首先将前工业时代的周工时与工业革命时期的周工时进行比较，接着说明了不同年代周工时的变化。故D项“人们每周工作的时长发生了变化”正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词pre

30、-industrial times 定位到第一段“people in pre-industrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution（1760-1840）when 10-to-12-hour workdays with s

31、ix workdays per week were the norm. 前工业社会的人们每天花3到4个小时，或每周花20个小时做生活所必需的工作。然而，对每周工作量的现代比较始于工业革命（1760年至1840年），当时每周工作6天、每天工作10至12小时是常态。”据此可知19世纪每周的工作时间相比前工业时代有大幅增长。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干定位到第三段“The Depression years of the 1930 have brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; t

32、he workweek dropped to a modern low for the United States of 35 hours. 20世纪30年代的经济大萧条带来了工作分担的概念，使人们可以到处寻找工作;在美国，每周工作时间降至35小时的现代最低点。”可知美国周工时下降的原因是一些人共同分担一个工作。故D项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Fair Labor Standards Act ”定位到第三段“In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 19

33、40, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. 1938年，公平劳动标准法（Fair Labor Standards Act）规定，从1940年开始，每周工作时间不得超过40小时。从那以后，8小时工作制和5天工作制就成了美国的标准。”由此可知该法案设定每周40小时的工作时间的目的是给美国工人提出的一个工作标准，以此限定每周的工时。故C项正确。5.细节事实题。文中有关“United States Steel and Westinghouse”的内容

34、出现在“In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers. 1926年，他宣布从今以后他的工厂将在星期六全天关闭。当时，福特受到了美国钢铁公司（United States Steel）

35、和西屋电气公司（Westinghouse）等其他公司的批评，但这个想法受到了工人的欢迎。”由此可知这两个公司不赞成福特周六不上班的想法。故B项不是自19世纪以来周工时削减的证据。答案B。5. 单选题If a school posts a students name and test score without obtaining student（or parental）consent, it can（ ）FERPA, a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records.问题1选项A.verifyB.vilif

36、yC.violateD.vibrate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项verify表示“核实，查证”；B选项vilify表示“诽谤，中伤，轻视”；C选项violate表示“违反，侵犯”；D选项vibrate表示“振动，颤动，摇摆”。由句意可知，如果学校在没有得到学生（或家长）同意的情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。因此，violate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。6. 单选题Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this ti

37、me, but we shall keep your application on（ ）for two months.问题1选项A.pileB.segmentC.fileD.sequence【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。keep on file存档。句意：谢谢你申请我们公司的职位。目前我们公司职位空缺,但我们会将您的申请保存两个月。故C项正确。7. 翻译题In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the famil

38、y name，to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the f

39、ollowing category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in s

40、ome societies the failure to bear children（or males）is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need children

41、to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a cha

42、nging, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in. the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.【答案】在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代，光宗耀祖，讨好祖辈;使包括家庭在内的宗教仪式正常运作。这样的理由在现代世俗化的社会中可能显得苍白无力，但在其他地方，它们曾经是而且确实是强有力的。此外，有一类家庭原因,即为了维持或改善婚姻而生孩子,与下列原因有共同

43、的边界。比如生孩子是为了稳住丈夫或占有妻子;修复或恢复婚姻活力;增加孩子的数量是基于家庭幸福就在于此的假设。相反的情况更强调了这一点:在一些社会中，不能生育子女（或男性）是对婚姻的一种威胁，也是离婚的一个现成理由。除此之外，儿童对家庭本身也具有深远的意义。对许多人来说，夫妻二人并不是一个合适的家庭他们需要孩子来丰富这个小圈子，来确认这个小圈子的家庭性质，来获得后代的救赎性影响。儿童需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要儿童，家庭作为一个独特的可用的社会机构，至少在原则上，可以在一个变化中，往往是敌对的世界中获得安全、舒适、保证和方向。对大多数人来说，这样的一个大本营，从字面意义上讲，需要不止一个人来维持和

44、延续。8. 单选题If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed tha

45、t of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequenc

46、es. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism

47、. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the states budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers unions kee

48、p an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals

49、, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence t

50、hat the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters agai

51、nst Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only Am

52、erican public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.1. Par

53、agraph 1 suggests that（ ）.2. According to Paragraph 2,（ ）.3. Paragraph 4 points out that the income in the state sector is（ ）.4. It can be learned from the example of the unions in Wisconsin that unions（ ）5. What is John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system?问题1选项A.Jimmy Hoffa used to w

54、ork as a civil servantB.Teamsters has kept growing in its body of membersC.the number of unionists in public-sector has increasedD.the government has improved its relationship with unionists问题2选项A.a university degree is required for public-sector union membershipB.Labor Party has long been fighting

55、against public-sector unionsC.public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actionsD.public-sector unions are hesitant in taking actions问题3选项A.fairly adjustedB.illegally securedC.indirectly increasedD.excessively increased问题4选项A.often run against the current political systemB.may be a barrier

56、 to public-sector reformsC.can change peoples political attitudesD.are dominant in the government问题5选项A.Tolerance.B.Disapproval.C.Indifference.D.Appreciation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government work

57、ers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are union

58、ized. ”可知，2009年，美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断，这么多年来，公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加，所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明Jimmy Hoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员，并不是说他真的是公务员，因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符，原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期，故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”，在原文中并未提到，属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：根据第二段可以得出。原文第

59、二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因，原因一：他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情；原因二：他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育；原因三：他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知，C选项表述正确，without suffering much说明他们很少惹上麻烦，即seldom get in trouble。原文第二段第四句指出“A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree”，所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由原因三可知，工党一直和工会联系在一起，工党领袖的当选部分原因归功于

60、公共部分工会的投票，可判断B选项错误。D选项的表述在原文中并未提及，故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：从第四段可以得知，国营部门的收入是。根据题干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通过Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.可知，政客们一再“加码”公共部门的薪酬协议，要保持适度的工资

61、增长，但要增加假期，尤其是已经很丰厚的养老金。由此可知，国营部门的收入需要间接进行提高。可判断C选项正确。A选项表示“公平调整”，B选项表示“非法获得”，D选项表示“过度增加”，均与原文内容不符，故本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从威斯康辛州工会的例子中了解到，工会应该。根据题干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor”，根据句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工

62、会集结了数千支持者，反对共和党强硬派州长Scott Walker。由此可知B选项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”表述正确。A选项“经常与当前的政治体制相抵触”属于推断过度，而C选项“能改变人们的政治态度”和D选项“在政府中占主导地位”在原文中均为提及。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。5.观点态度题。题干询问：John Donahue对公共工会部门的态度是。根据题干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high

63、 achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. ”可知，银行家丰厚的薪水引来了许多批评，但公共部门系统不奖励高成就者，这对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。由此可见，John Donahue对于美国的公共部门持有不支持的态度，因此B选项Disapproval最符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“容忍”，C选项表示“漠不关心”，D选项表示“赞赏”。9. 单选题Most geologists believe（ ）from the remains of tiny marine plants and animals that died millions of years ago.问题1选项A.that petroleum was formedB.what was formed petroleumC.when petroleum formedD.petroleum that formed【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。BCD三项的内容与句意不符。A项用that引导宾语从句。句意：大多数地质学家认为石油是从微小的海洋植物和几百万年前死掉的动物的遗骸中形成的10. 单选题During the Spring Festival holiday, Chine