2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题4（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Walter Anderson_ the Horatio Alger Society the same year I did.问题1选项A.joins the ranks ofB.join the rank ofC.joined the rank ofD.joined the ranks of【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. joins the ranks of 成为的一员 B. join the rank of 加入的阶层C. joined the rank of 加入了的阶层 D. joined the ranks

2、 of 成为了的一员【考察点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranks of，表示加入了（团体或组织的成员）。句中the same year I did是一个时间状语，I did 做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。【句意】沃尔特安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖阿尔杰协会。2. 单选题From this course the students should（ ）some useful knowledge in political science.问题1选项A.requireB.d

3、emandC.enquireD.acquire【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。require“要求，需要，想要”；demand“要求，请求，需要”；enquire“打听，询问”；acquire“获得，取得”。句意：通过这节课，学生们应该掌握一些与政治科学相关的实用知识。D项符合题意。3. 单选题The old king（ ）. They are making a new king.问题1选项A.was believed to be killedB.is believed being killedC.is believed having been killedD.is believed to h

4、ave been killed【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知，之前的国王被认为已经杀害了，故用现在完成时的被动，再结合be believed to “被认为”可知D项正确。句意：他们认为之前的国王已经被杀害了，他们正在选举一位新国王。4. 翻译题Which would you choose: an online course delivered by one of the worlds most knowledgeable instructors, supported by award winning documentary filmmakers and a

5、 team of graduate teaching assistants, or the same course taught in person by an average instructor? Different students would of course choose differently. But there is ample reason to believe that experience with the first option would eventually lead a substantial proportion of students to prefer

6、it, even if they were charged the same amount for either approach. But because of economies of scale, the remote option would enjoy a substantial cost advantage. As Philip Cook wrote in his 1995 book, “The Winner-Take-All Society,” these are precisely the conditions that give rise to winner-take-all

7、 markets. As technology has expanded the reach of the most able performers, they have been capturing ever larger shares of worldwide markets across a host of domains.【答案】你会选择哪一种课程：是由世界上最有知识的导师之一讲授，由获奖纪录片制片人和研究生助教团队支持的在线课程，还是由一名普通教师亲自教授的课程？不同的学生当然会做出不同的选择。但我们有充足的理由相信，第一种选择的经验最终会让相当一部分学生更喜欢它，即使这两种方式收取

8、的费用相同。但由于规模经济，远程选项将享有巨大的成本优势。正如菲利普库克在他1995年的著作赢者通吃的社会中所写的那样，正是这些条件催生了赢者通吃的市场。随着科技扩大了最有能力的执行者的范围，他们在许多领域的全球市场中占据了越来越大的份额。5. 单选题According to recent U.S. Statistics Yearbook, Americans spends 16 billion a year on credit cards and there are already 590 million in（ ）.问题1选项A.preparationB.communicationC.ad

9、ministrationD.circulation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。preparation“预备，准备”；communication“交流，沟通”；administration“管理”；circulation“流通，传播，发行量”。句意：根据最近的美国统计年鉴，美国人每年花在信用卡上的钱达到160亿美元，目前已有5.9亿张信用卡在流通中。in circulation “在流通中”为固定搭配。故D项符合题意。6. 单选题Obviously, there is a(n) _ that management only wants to cut costs.问题1选项A.concentr

10、ationB.ambiguityC.perceptionD.facility【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. concentration 专心；集合 B. ambiguity 含糊；不明确C. perception 认识能力；知觉；看法 D. facility 设施；设备【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子结构可知空格后that management only wants to cut costs（管理层只想削减成本）为同位语从句，解释说明空格的内容，“管理层只想削减成本”这是一种看法。C. perception“看法”符合语境。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合语境。【句意】有一种看

11、法认为，管理层只想削减成本。7. 单选题（ ）that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.问题1选项A.So clever are the construction robotsB.So clever the construction robots areC.Such construction robots are cleverD.Such clever construction robots are【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。sothat和such

12、that句型中，so和such放于句首时，句子部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：建筑机器人是如此聪明以至于它们最终减少了建筑工地上需要的90%的劳动力。8. 单选题The two surfaces（ ）to each other and we couldnt get them apart.问题1选项A.stuckB.clungC.coheredD.adhered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stick to 坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhere to“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故

13、D项符合题意。9. 单选题When the disaster happened, the helicopter _ nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.问题1选项A.unveiledB.rescuedC.comfortedD.predicted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. unveiled使公布于众；揭开 B. rescued 营救；援救C. comforted安慰；使（痛苦）缓和 D. predicted 预言；预知【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】when引导时间状语从句，时态为过去式，空格处应填动词的过去式。主

14、语为直升机，根据句子逻辑，直升机应该是从屋顶救人。因此选B. rescued 营救，援救。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】灾难发生时，直升飞机从燃烧的楼顶救出了近20人。10. 单选题The mood of the evening is_ just as it is every year when this topic is brought up.问题1选项A.destroyedB.damagedC.ruinedD.spoiled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. destroyed破坏；摧毁 B. damaged损害C. ruined毁灭 D. spoi

15、led破坏；破坏的兴致【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“破坏”的意思。空格处是一个被动语态。空格处的动词用来说明mood“心情”被怎么样了。Mood做主语，句意为每当这个话题被提起时，夜晚的心情就被破坏了。只有D选项spoil指破坏的兴致符合句子语境。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破坏，毁坏”，用于物时，指破坏或毁坏有用的事物; 用于人时，指用武力或暴力“杀死”“毁灭”“消灭”敌人等；B选项damage的基本意思是“损害，伤害”，主要指自然力或人为地在价值、完整性、效能等方面造成损害，一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地，可以

16、用于有形物，也可以用于无形物，还可表示对经济信心等造成坏的结果或影响；C选项ruin的基本意思是“破坏，毁掉”，常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毁坏，强调倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、声望、容貌、气节、价值等受到严重损坏。以上选项均不能和mood搭配。【句意】就像每年提起这个话题一样，整个晚上的气氛都被破坏了。11. 单选题She said that she would be here at eight oclock. But she didnt（ ）until ten thirty.问题1选项A.turn onB.turn downC.turn upD.turn out【答案】C【解析】

17、考查词组辨析。turn on“打开”；turn down“关掉，调低”；turn up“出现”；turn out“结果是”。句意：她说她八点会到这的，但是直到十点还没出现。C项符合句意。12. 单选题If you keep on overworking yourself, your health will（ ）.问题1选项A.degenerateB.deteriorateC.degradeD.deform【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”；deteriorate “恶化”；degrade“贬低，使丢脸”；deform“使变形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你继续

18、过度工作，你的健康状况会变坏。B项符合题意。13. 单选题He had the good fortune to（ ）with Prof. Wang for 3 years.问题1选项A.studyB.be studyingC.have studiedD.have been studying【答案】C【解析】考查语法。由时间状语“for 3 years”可知该句应该用完成时，故排除AB两项，学习与主语之间是主动的关系，故C项正确。句意：他有幸与王教授一起学习了3年。14. 单选题He is well acquainted with many of the（ ）Jesus Christ told

19、to his followers.问题1选项A.anecdotesB.parablesC.legendsD.myths【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。anecdotes“奇闻轶事”；parables“比喻，尤指圣经里的寓言故事”；legends“传说，传奇”；myths“神话”。句意：他对许多耶稣告诉其追随者的故事很熟悉。故B项正确。15. 不定项选择题President Arling has put his long-awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated pr

20、ogram of investment credits, research grants, educational reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years. The most

21、 liberal wing of the Presidents party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while Federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs. The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the Pre

22、sidents program.They want tax cuts and a more open market. They say if Federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending. Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new te

23、chnology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to co

24、mpete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long.Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors. So the cru

25、x is the technology and that is where the Presidents program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. I

26、f we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.1. The focus of the Presidents program is on_.2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?3. What is the editors attitude?4. The danger to the plan lies in_.5. The passage is_.问题1选项A.investmentB.

27、economyC.technologyD.tax问题2选项A.They want a more direct action.B.They want an incomes policy to check inflation.C.They want to rebuild industry.D.They want a wall of protective tariffs.问题3选项A.Support.B.Distaste.C.Disapproval.D.Compromise.问题4选项A.the two parties objectionB.different idea of the two par

28、ties about the planC.its passageD.distortion问题5选项A.a reviewB.a prefaceC.an advertisementD.an editorial【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】The focus of the Presidents program is on _. 总统项目的重点是 _。A. investment A. 投资B. economy B. 经济C. technology C. 技术D. tax D. 税收【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息focus of the

29、 Presidents program可定位到倒数第二段第一句，该处讲到“所以关键是技术，这也是总统项目的重点所在（the crux is the technology）”因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“投资”，是总统计划中涉及到的部分但并不是关键，属于本末倒置；B选项“经济”，范围太广，太笼统；D选项“税收”，是总统计划中的一部分但也不是关键，属于本末倒置。2.【选项释义】What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party? 民主党中最自由派的要求是什么？A. They want a more

30、 direct action. A. 他们想要一个更直接的行动。B. They want an incomes policy to check inflation. B. 他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀。C. They want to rebuild industry. C. 他们想重建工业。D. They want a wall of protective tariffs. D. 他们想要保护性关税壁垒。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，该处讲到“总统政党中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行动（stronger and more direct

31、action）”。因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；C选项“他们想重建工业”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；D选项“他们想要保护性关税壁垒”也是该行动中的一部分，以偏概全。3.【选项释义】What is the editors attitude? 编者的态度是什么？A. Support. A. 支持。B. Distaste. B. 厌恶。C. Disapproval. C. 反对。D. Compromise. D. 妥协。【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】文中作者说到“如果一个行业不能把自己提升到技术进步的领先

32、阶段，那么它就不能有效地竞争”。也就是说作者赞同新计划，发展新技术。同时他还强调了新技术在未来发展的作用。作者又提到“如果我们现在不能重组我们的经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。”因此作者的态度应该是支持的。因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B“厌恶”、C“反对”、D“妥协”选项错误。4.【选项释义】The danger to the plan lies in _. 这个计划的危险在于_。A. the two parties objection A. 双方的反对意见B. different idea of the two parties about the plan B. 双方对这个计划有不同的看法

33、C. its passage C. 它的通过D. distortion D. 扭曲；曲解【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息danger to the plan可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“在于左右两派的理论家会通过修正来扭曲法案（distort the bill with amendments）”。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“双方的反对意见”，属于无中生有；B选项“双方对这个计划有不同的看法”，属于无中生有；C选项“它的通过”，文中明确提到“危险不在于一项计划不会被通过”，因此C选项为反向干扰。5.【选项释义】The pass

34、age is _. 这篇文章是 _。A. a reviewA. 一个回顾B. a preface B. 一个前言C. an advertisement C. 一则广告D. an editorial D. 一篇社论【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，该文章是作者对美国经济计划的客观描述。这是对大事件的报道。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个回顾”，指回想过去发生的事情。而该文章描述的是一个经济计划，因此属于无中生有；B选项“一个前言”，指写在书或者文章前的序言或导言，该篇文章是一个陈述并非引导，属于无中生有；C选项“一则广告”，广告应该要宣传什么，不符合文章内容，属于无中

35、生有。16. 单选题The prospect of increased price has already（ ）worries.问题1选项A.provokedB.irritatedC.inspiredD.hoisted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。provoke“激起，挑起，引起”；irritate“刺激，使兴奋，激怒”；inspire“激发，鼓舞，启示”；hoist“把吊起，升起”。句意：价格上涨的前景已经引起了人们的担忧。A项符合题意。17. 单选题Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and（ ）

36、.问题1选项A.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hangB.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hangingC.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hangingD.seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由and表并列关系可知

37、，and后面的谓语动词形式应与前面的保持一致，see的过去分词为seen。故D项正确。句意：公园的游客经常抬头看着绿树成荫的树冠，看到猴子睡在树枝上，手臂和腿都悬挂着。18. 单选题With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its（ ）.问题1选项A.boundariesB.restraintsC.confinementsD.limitations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。boundary“边界，界限”；restraint“抑制，克制”；confinement“限制，监禁”；limitation“限制，局限性

38、”。句意：这台计算机有很多优点，但并不是没有局限性。由by no means“并非，决不”可知后半句与前半句为转折关系。故D项正确。19. 单选题Mary once_ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged（尤指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated合作C. coincided一致；符合；同时发生 D. constituted组成；构成【考查点】动

39、词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。20. 翻译题Im pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadnt been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life is going to

40、 hit you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith. Im convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Youve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to

41、be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you havent found it yet, keep lookingand dont settle. As with all matters of the heart, youll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and bette

42、r as the years roll on. So keep lookingdont settle.【答案】我非常确定，如果苹果公司没有开除我的话，这一切不会发生。这贴药很苦，但我认为病人需要它。有时候，生活会用砖头敲你的脑袋。不要失去信心。我确信唯一让我不断前进的就是我喜欢我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜爱的东西，对于工作是如此，对于你的爱人也是一样。你的工作将占据你生活的很大部分，唯一能使你满意的方法便是做你认为伟大的工作，而做伟大工作的唯一方法便是去喜爱你做的事情。如果你还没有找到你喜欢的事情，继续寻找，不要停下来。只要你全心全意去找，当你找到时，你就会知道的。就像其他任何真诚的感情一样，随着岁月的流逝，这种关系只会越来越紧密。所以继续寻找，不要停下来。