2022年考博英语-清华大学考前模拟强化练习题88（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The actress was very（ ） at the insulting question raised by her opponent at theconference.问题1选项A.extraterrestrialB.explicitC.indignantD.innovative【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的；explicit 外在的，清楚的；indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的；innovative 创新的，革新的。根据句中insulting questio

2、n raised by her opponent(对手提出的侮辱性问题) 可知，她应该是非常愤怒。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题An archaeologist has to pay much attention to（ ）details of an unearthed object.问题1选项A.miserableB.minusC.minuteD.moist【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。C项minute （极小的，微小的）与句中details(细节)搭配合理。3. 单选题Her talk at the seminar clearly（ ）from the topic the superviso

3、r expected in the field ofsociology.问题1选项A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（ ） 。Diverged from为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。4. 单选题The industry has pumped（ ）amounts of money into political campaigns，making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the

4、 issue sensibly.问题1选项A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。potential 潜在的，有潜力的；substantial 大量的；客观的；massive 大而重的，大块的；traditional 传统的。此处substantial形容amounts of money （很大一笔钱）。5. 单选题They admitted that they shared the same（ ）on the matter.问题1选项A.PotentialityB.sentimentC.postscriptD.

5、subscription【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。potentiality 潜能，潜力；sentiment 情操，情感；postscript 附言，后记；subscription 订金；捐献。shared the same后接选项D, 表示在这件事上出相同的订金。6. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get（ ）quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed 已分

6、解的，已腐烂的；denounced 公开指责的，公然抨击的；detached 分开的，分离的；deduced 推论的，演绎的。根据句中bad and damp weather(恶劣潮湿的天气),the plants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。7. 单选题The torch was（ ）by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.问题1选项A.implementB.deceiveC.exemplifyD.ignited【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺

7、诈,误导；exemplify 举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题All the products made in China are sold and distributed in（ ）with the U. S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.问题1选项A.complianceB.prosperityC.merchandiseD.intersection【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。in compliance with为固定搭配，意为“依

8、从 ，按照”。9. 单选题The energy（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。10. 单选题These samples have to be（ ）in certain kind of chemical water in order to

9、 protect them.问题1选项A.immersedB.crispedC.armoredD.arrayed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Immerse浸没, 陷入； crisp 变脆,卷曲；armor 为穿盔甲；为提供防御；array 部署，排列。句意:这些样品必须 在某种化学水中。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨

10、析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。12. 单选题Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their（ ）.问题1选项A.conditionsB.combinationsC.peersD.granaries【答案】C【解析】语义题。空格填入的词应与children同类型。因此C项peer （同龄人，同辈人）符合要求。13. 单选题The House is expected to pass a piece of legis

11、lation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of

12、 waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Busin

13、ess, the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization its about protecting rights, said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Str

14、aczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion （强迫， 胁迫）from unions.Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to worke

15、rs arent,” Samuel said. He cites the 31, 358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the

16、 timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “ On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,” said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local lev

17、el.The bill has other provisions （条款，规定）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration （仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fa

18、ct that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional. ” “I dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,” said Straczewski.The bills proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliati

19、on Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law on the books hasn

20、t changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2.According to its opp

21、onents, the bill（ ）.3.The word it （Line 5, Para. 5） refers to（ ）.4.People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT（ ）.5.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees问题1选项A.House bill aims to spur labor union growth.B.House bill aim

22、s to counter labor union growth.C.Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.D.Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees income.问题2选项A.will protect employees rightsB.will benefit workers by binding contractsC.will empower unions too muchD.makes it possible for employees to yield to coer

23、cion from unions问题3选项A.the changeB.the legislationC.the AFL-CIOD.the difference问题4选项A.the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industriesB.the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC.binding arbitration will be imposed

24、 to protect employees if a contract cant be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees问题5选项A.fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB.workers coercion often comes from unio

25、nsC.the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD.punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法， seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第

26、三段第三句，opponents指的是Jason Straczewski。后面他说道wouldopenupemployeestocoercion(强迫：胁迫）fromunions, 与选项D 对应。3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中Richard Shaw，it指代前句中的legislation。4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段could reversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries(立法有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系)。5.细节推理题。最后一段提到in 200

27、4, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers(2004年，45%的新成立工会被雇主拒绝签订第一份合同)，因此答案为A。 14. 单选题The collapse of the Earths magnetic field which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times repor

28、ted last week.The fields strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planets lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity （极）.The transition w

29、ould take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migra

30、tion confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already

31、affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the worlds largest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “ We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future

32、, just like people trying to predict the weather，” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “Im personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission. No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to pani

33、c. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2, 000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This proces

34、s is known as the geophysical generator. In a cars generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they se

35、e as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.1.According to the passage, the Earths magnetic field has（ ） .2.During the transition of the Earths magnetic field （ ）.3.The author says the public has no reason to panic” because（ ） .4.The cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic fi

36、eld comes from（ ） .问题1选项A.misguided many a man and animalB.begun to change in the opposite directionC.caused the changes on the polaritiesD.been weakening in strength for a long time问题2选项A.the compass will become uselessB.man and animals will be confused in directionsC.the magnetic strength of the E

37、arth will disappearD.the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger问题3选项A.the transition is still thousands of years from nowB.the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC.the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishD.the new transition will come 780, 000 years

38、 from now问题4选项A.the movement deep inside the EarthB.the periodical reverses of the EarthC.the force coining from outer spaceD.the mechanical movement of the Earth【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。文章前两段指出地球磁场开始发生变化，后来指出正在向相反的方向发生变化。故选B。2.细节题。根据题干关键词transition 定位至第三段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。3.细节题。根据题干关

39、键词public has no reason to panic定位至第五段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。关键词public has no reason to panic后面就讲了原因: it might take 2, 000 years to mature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。 故选C。4.细节题。根据题干关键词cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field 定位至最后一段:changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, 即原因是地球内部深处流动着液体铁，这种机

40、械能会产生电磁。15. 单选题Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever- increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same ti

41、me its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investor alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80

42、% , profits by over 100% , and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price

43、 to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the

44、 same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock tra

45、ded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle

46、 of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnate stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise of 54% ), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to

47、 $7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% ), and the total number of shares outstanding (未 偿付的；未完成的)has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.1.This passage is probably a part of （ ） .2.Theitalicizedwordstagnant，(line3，Para.

48、1)canbebestparaphrasedas（ ） .3.Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause4.All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT（ ）.5.According to the author, one had better（ ）.问题1选项A.Find Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good companies问题2选项A.prominent

49、B.terribleC.unchangedD.progressing问题3选项A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoodsB.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcyD.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies问题4选项A.the cash dividend has increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both business

50、 have continued to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased问题5选项A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls do

51、wn【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章通篇用Wal-Mart, Home Depot和Coca-Cola的实例引导我们发现市场的潜在价值，4个选项只有A最符合文章大意。2.语义题。文章首段表明a business will continue to grow(商业在持续发展)，后面一个while表转折，stagnant 后面为or even falls（甚至下降），由此推测stagnant 意为 “停滞不前”。3.细节归纳题。Wal-Mart的实例在文章第三段被论述, 题干说trading at a much lower price(以低很多的价格

52、交易),对应第三段中的trading at half its former price(以之前的半价交易)because each share.bigger infrastructure原文because后表明原因,总结起来就是ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful(经济上更强大)。4.细节判断题。对于Wal-Mart, the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe(股价下降30%)，对于Coca-Cola, in 1996, the stock traded between a r

53、ange of $ 36. 10 and $ 54. 30 per share(在1996年股价是$ 36. 10 和 $ 54. 30 每股)，对比现在Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share(去年，股价为$40. 30和$ 45)，没有巨大的跌幅。5.细节判断题。原文提到Wal-Mart和Coca-Cola企业股价下跌但分红增长，所以股价下跌时，应评估企业的经济状况。16. 单选题The European Union countries were once worried th

54、at they would not have （ ）supplies of petroleum.问题1选项A.sufficientB.efficientC.potentialD.proficient【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。sufficient足够的，充足的；efficient有效率，有能力的；potential潜在的，可能的；proficient熟练的，精通的。空格处应该为一个形容词修饰supplies of petroleum（石油供应），根据前面部分“The European Union countries were once worried（欧盟国家曾一度担心）”可知，此处应表示“

55、充足的石油供应”，因此A项符合句意。句意：欧盟国家曾一度担心他们没有充足的石油供应。17. 单选题There are over 6, 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in log

56、ical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex

57、and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained vio

58、lence. The investigators said, “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said, The new and more sophisticated games are even

59、worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. ” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33, 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game sa

60、ys: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3, 000 different studies have been conducted on

61、 this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have vio

62、lent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1.Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（