教师版 必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists

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1、必修5 Unit 1 Great ScientistsPeriod 1一、 Listen to the tape and fill in the blanksJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people

2、 exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until

3、 its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their

4、bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quic

5、kly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a

6、 valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made fu

7、rther investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that i

8、t came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.

9、In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of choler

10、a after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose

11、 people to polluted water any more. Finally King Cholera was defeated.第一板块 重点单词1. conclude v断定，推断出(decide)；得出结论；(使)结束，终止(end)(1)用conclude的适当形式填空We can conclude that he is confident of his future.We drew different conclusions from the facts.In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed my

12、self.(2)Ann seems to be upset. Whats up?She _B_ from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.Aincludes Bconcludes Csuggests Dcontains2. attend v出席，参加(be present)；处理，对付(deal with)；照料，护理(take care of)(1)用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空He joined the army thre

13、e years ago.All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school.A lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949.Would you like to join_in_ the basketball game?A nurse attended to his needs constantly.(2)I always have so many things to _C_ when I come back to the company after a trip abro

14、ad.Aadd to Bcontribute to Cattend to Dappeal to3. expose (1) _to the sun for too long can hurt your skin.A. Being exposed B. To expose C. Exposing D. Exposed(2) He dived ihto the water, _ only his face_A. leaving; exposed B. leaving; exposingC. left; exposed D. left; exposing(3) The best way to stud

15、y English is _.（让自己通过听、说、读、写多接触英语）答案 A, A, to expose ourselves to English by much more listening, speaking, reading and writing4. absorb 双语释义 v吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；使并入，吞并；吸引(attract)；使专心(interest sb.)(1)写出下列句子中absorb的汉语意思Absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep. 专心于The surrounding villag

16、es have been absorbed by the growing city. 吞并Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day. 吸收(2) So _C_was he in his work that he didnt notice that it was raining hard.Ataken Bdevoted Cabsorbed Dinteresting5. blame 双语释义 v把归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.责任(responsibility)，责备，指责 (

17、1)一句多译他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。 They_ blamed _him_ for_ the _accident. They_ blamed_ the _accident_ on _him. He_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.(2)I feel it is your husband who _A_for the spoiled child.Ais to blame Bis going to blameCis to be blamed Dshould blame6. contribute 双语释义 v捐献；捐助(give money or goods to.

18、)；是的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；投稿(write for) (1)同义词语替换Various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒台)led_to/resulted_in(2) Eating too much fat can _B_ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.Aresult from Bcontribute to Cattend to Dappeal to第二板块 重点短语1. put forward 双语释义 提议，提出(suggest)；拿出；

19、推荐(recommend)；将提前(1)写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思The woman put forward a red silk as well as a blue one for our inspection. 把拿出来给人看The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for recovery. 提出Ive put you forward as the best man for the job. 推举，推荐The hitech has put forward our production this year. 使加快，促进My

20、 watch was slow，so I put it forward three minutes. 拨快Weve put forward the date of our wedding by one month.把提前(2)These foreigners have _D_ a proposal for a joint venture.Aput in Bput up Cput down Dput forward2. make sense 双语释义 讲得通；有意义(have a meaning) (1)完成句子Can you make_any_sense_of_this_article (理解

21、这篇文章的意思)?In_a_sense (从某种意义上讲) this may be true.(2)单项填空Dogs have a very good_A_of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.Asense Bview Cmeans DideaNo matter how I tried to read it，the sentence didnt _D_to me.Aunderstand Bmake out Cturn out Dmake sensePeriod 2一、 Listen to the

22、 tape and fill in the blanksCOPERNICUS REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun

23、 there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the

24、 centre of the solar system. The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system

25、and all planets went round it. Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, g

26、radually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

27、 He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by

28、the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the u

29、niverse are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newto

30、n, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. 第三板块 重点句型1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(1) 填空Neither my father nor I _was_ there. Neither shall I go there，nor do I want to go.我既不会去那儿，也不想去那儿。She not only speaks but also writes French.她不但能说法语，而且会写法语。Either my father or my brothers are comin

31、g.我的父亲或者我的兄弟们要来。(2)单选 Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and_B_.AI was neitherBneither was I CI was either Deither was I If Joes wife wont go to the party，_B_.Ahe will either Bneither will heChe neither will Deither he will2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time

32、 there was an outbreak.(1) Its the first time that he has been to Australia，_C_？ Aisnt heBhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it(2) This is the first time we _D_ a film in the cinema together as a family. Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen(3) Dont stop _B_ you meet with a word you dont understand.Aat the time Beac

33、h time Cby the time Dsometimes(4) _C_ you write a message，you show your skills to others.AAt times BSome time CEvery time DThe time第四板块 单元语法练习根据句意补全句子(1)The United States is a country which has developed.The United States is a developed country.(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to

34、 him.He told us of the great wrong done to him.(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.(5)There are four used (use) stamps.第五板块 微写作写作素材1西蒙因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。2专家和医生通过各种尝试给他治疗。3医生宣布病毒被打败了。4但是在完全康复之前他还需要护理一段时间。提

35、示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。Simon was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him, the experts and doctors announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.第六板块 写作训练用五句话将这些句子连成一篇短文。1. 在历史的长河中，科学家为这个世界做出了巨大的贡献。(contribution)

36、2. 我认为，科学家就是那些在工作中严格要求自己及专注于他们所从事的每件事的人。(be strict in, absorb)3. 好的科学家从不莽撞地做出结论。(jump to a conclusion)4. 他对自己提出的结论都极为谨慎，为此，他可以一次又一次做实验(cautious)5. 科学家都牢记这么一点：一个理论如果无法帮助世人从不可预料的困境中解 脱的话，就不能称之为好理论。(keep.in mind, make no sense)6. 而且，好的理论应该是可以为其它理论的建立提供基础的。(addition)7. 因此，我们不难看到科学家们耗尽一生的心血，只为找到一个放诸四海而皆准

37、的理论。(a universal theory)连句成篇Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world. In my opinion, scientists are those who are strict in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do.A good scientist never jumps to a conclusion. Instead, he is cautious of every conclus

38、ion he draws so that he does experiments again and again to test the theory he has put forward. Scientists keep it in mind that a theory makes no sense if it cant help the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers. In addition, a good theory must be a base on which other ideas can be built. Because of this, its not rare for us to find scientists who devote all their life to a universal theory.7