2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）（47页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（ ） the child to eat.问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Toyota said on

2、 Tuesday that it will（ ） its annual year-end sales event early.问题1选项A.give awayB.fix onC.kick offD.bring up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。give away “放弃，分发”；fix on “确定，固定”；kick off “开始”；bring up“提出，养育”。句意：星期二，丰田汽车公司宣布将提前开展其一年一度的年终促销活动。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题In the mid-1990s, three senior female professors at M. I. T. came

3、 to suspect that their careers had been hampered by similar patterns of marginalization.（1 ）After performing the investigation and studying the data, the committee concluded that the marginalization experienced by female scientists at M. I. T. “was often accompanied by differences in salary, space，a

4、wards, resources and response to outside offers between men and women faculty, with women receiving less despite professional accomplishments equal to those of their colleagues. ” The dean concurred with the committees findings. And yet, as was noted in the committees report, his fellow administrato

5、rs “resisted the notion that there was any problem that arose from gender bias in the treatment of the women faculty. Some argued that it was the masculine culture of M. I. T. that was to blame, and little could be done to change that. ”（2）The committees most evocative finding was that the discrimin

6、ation facing female scientists in the final quarter of 20th century was qualitatively different from the more obvious forms of sexism addressed by civil rights laws and affirmative action, but no less real. Not everyone agrees that what was uncovered at M. I. T. actually qualifies as discrimination.

7、（3）Even if female professors have been shortchanged or shunted aside, their marginalization might be a result of the same sorts of departmental infighting, personality conflicts and “ mistaken impressions that cause male faculty members to feel slighted as well. Perceptions of discrimination are evi

8、dence of nothing but subjective feelings,”Kleinfeld scoffs.（4）In February 2012, the American Institute of Physics published a survey of 15, 000 male and female physicists across 130 countries.（5）“In fact,” the researchers concluded，“ women physicists could be the majority in some hypothetical future

9、 yet still find their careers experience problems that stem from often unconscious bias. ”问题1选项A.In almost all cultures, female scientists received less financing, lab space, office support and grants for equipment and travel, even after the researchers controlled for differences other than sex.B.Ju

10、dith Kleinfeld, a professor emeritus in the psychology department at the University of Alaska, argues that the M. I. T. study isnt persuasive because the number of faculty members involved is too small and university officials refuse to release the data.C.But broader studies show that the perception

11、 of discrimination is often accompanied by a very real difference in the allotment of resources.D.Yet women pursuing tenure track must leap hurdles that are higher than those facing their male competitors, often without realizing any such disparity exists.E.In other words, women didnt become scienti

12、sts because science and scientists were male.F.They took the matter to the dean, who appointed a committee of six senior women and three senior men to investigate their concerns.问题2选项A.In almost all cultures, female scientists received less financing, lab space, office support and grants for equipme

13、nt and travel, even after the researchers controlled for differences other than sex.B.Judith Kleinfeld, a professor emeritus in the psychology department at the University of Alaska, argues that the M. I. T. study isnt persuasive because the number of faculty members involved is too small and univer

14、sity officials refuse to release the data.C.But broader studies show that the perception of discrimination is often accompanied by a very real difference in the allotment of resources.D.Yet women pursuing tenure track must leap hurdles that are higher than those facing their male competitors, often

15、without realizing any such disparity exists.E.In other words, women didnt become scientists because science and scientists were male.F.They took the matter to the dean, who appointed a committee of six senior women and three senior men to investigate their concerns.问题3选项A.In almost all cultures, fem

16、ale scientists received less financing, lab space, office support and grants for equipment and travel, even after the researchers controlled for differences other than sex.B.Judith Kleinfeld, a professor emeritus in the psychology department at the University of Alaska, argues that the M. I. T. stud

17、y isnt persuasive because the number of faculty members involved is too small and university officials refuse to release the data.C.But broader studies show that the perception of discrimination is often accompanied by a very real difference in the allotment of resources.D.Yet women pursuing tenure

18、track must leap hurdles that are higher than those facing their male competitors, often without realizing any such disparity exists.E.In other words, women didnt become scientists because science and scientists were male.F.They took the matter to the dean, who appointed a committee of six senior wom

19、en and three senior men to investigate their concerns.问题4选项A.In almost all cultures, female scientists received less financing, lab space, office support and grants for equipment and travel, even after the researchers controlled for differences other than sex.B.Judith Kleinfeld, a professor emeritus

20、 in the psychology department at the University of Alaska, argues that the M. I. T. study isnt persuasive because the number of faculty members involved is too small and university officials refuse to release the data.C.But broader studies show that the perception of discrimination is often accompan

21、ied by a very real difference in the allotment of resources.D.Yet women pursuing tenure track must leap hurdles that are higher than those facing their male competitors, often without realizing any such disparity exists.E.In other words, women didnt become scientists because science and scientists w

22、ere male.F.They took the matter to the dean, who appointed a committee of six senior women and three senior men to investigate their concerns.问题5选项A.In almost all cultures, female scientists received less financing, lab space, office support and grants for equipment and travel, even after the resear

23、chers controlled for differences other than sex.B.Judith Kleinfeld, a professor emeritus in the psychology department at the University of Alaska, argues that the M. I. T. study isnt persuasive because the number of faculty members involved is too small and university officials refuse to release the

24、 data.C.But broader studies show that the perception of discrimination is often accompanied by a very real difference in the allotment of resources.D.Yet women pursuing tenure track must leap hurdles that are higher than those facing their male competitors, often without realizing any such disparity

25、 exists.E.In other words, women didnt become scientists because science and scientists were male.F.They took the matter to the dean, who appointed a committee of six senior women and three senior men to investigate their concerns.【答案】第1题:F第2题:E第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.联系上下文。第二段开头提到committee时，使用了定冠词the修饰

26、committee，说明前文该词就已出现过，选项F中含有committee,也同样提到了 investigate,与下文的investigation呼应。2.联系上下文。空格前一句提及应该指责的是麻省理工学院的男性文化(masculine culture)，而对此却束手无策。选项E中提及女性没有成为科学家是因为科学(或科学家)都是男性，与前文意思最为接近。3.联系上下文。空格的前一句中提到并不是每一个人都同意在麻省理工暴露的问题就是歧视的这一说法，接下来作者很有可能要举例说明该观点。另外，第二段末提到了一个人名Kleinfeld,说明上文中一定交代了 Kleinfeld的相关信息，选项中符合语

27、境的只有选项B，其中提及的“M. I. T. study isnt persuasive”与上文信息呼应。4.联系上下文。空格前的段中提及Kleinfeld教授认为麻省理工的女性科学家被边缘化不是因为性别歧视，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多数女物理学家所经历的事业问题通常来自于无意识的偏见(unconscious bias),前后两段内容相反，由此可知，空格处句子表示转折承接，C、D入选，而只有选项C中提及了 discrimination,与下文遥相呼应。5.联系上下文。选项A中的in almost all cultures与上文中的across 130 countries互相呼应。4. 不定

28、项选择题There are few habits as infuriating as someone making us wait. But, despite what may be running through your mind as youre kept waiting again, its unlikely your friends and colleagues are just being selfish. A look into the psychology of lateness offers a glimpse into a mind that may be malfunct

29、ioning. But theres also more than one fix.Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negativeeven if misguided.“It is easy to perceive them as disorganised, chaotic, rude and lacking in consideration for others,” says Harriet Mellotte, a cognitive behavioural therapist and a clinical psychol

30、ogist in training in London. “Outside of my clinical practice, others being late is something that can particularly get under my skin!”But, many late people are at least somewhat organised and want to keep friends, family and bosses happy. The punctually-challenged are often excruciatingly aware and

31、 ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships, reputations, careers and finances.“While there are those who get a charge out of keeping others waiting, if youre typical, you dislike being late,” Diana DeLonzor writes in her book Never Be Late Again. “Yet tardiness remains you

32、r nemesis.”Some excuses, particularly for acute lateness, are fairly universally acceptedan accident or illness, for example. But others arent so easy to swallow. Some late people will pass it off as a symptom of being big-thinking and concerned with loftier matters than time-keeping, as an endearin

33、g quirk, a mark of doing ones best work under pressure, or having the body clock of a night owl rather than a lark.Joanna, a teacher in London who didnt want her surname used, says her reputation for being unpunctual can sometimes be attributed to a difference in opinion. “A friend will ask me to co

34、me over, and theyll say come any time from seven,” she says. “But if I do turn up at eight or later, theyre annoyed.”Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics such as optimism, low levels of self-control,

35、 anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking, experts say. Personality differences could also dictate how we experience the passing of time.48. The word “infuriating” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _.49. Which one of the following is NOT true about unpunctual people?50. According to Harriet Mellot

36、te, unpunctual people who are not his patients _.51. According to Diana DeLonzor, unpunctual people _.52. Which of the following excuses for being late is LESS acceptable?53. What does the author think of consistent unpunctuality?问题1选项A.annoyingB.excitingC.surprisingD.terrifying问题2选项A.They are selfi

37、sh.B.They are undesirable.C.They are unfriendly.D.They suffer from some mental illness.问题3选项A.make him understand them betterB.irritate him very muchC.offer him a different perspective about latenessD.are likely to be successful in their careers问题4选项A.feel ashamed of being lateB.find it hard to chan

38、ge their habit of being lateC.may get pleasure by keeping others waitD.do not expect others to be punctual问题5选项A.Doing work more efficiently under pressure.B.Claiming oneself to be a morning person.C.Explaining that he/she eats slowly.D.Having an accident.问题6选项A.It is understandable.B.It is time was

39、ting.C.It damages friendship.D.It deserves our sympathy.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A【解析】48. 【选项释义】The word “infuriating” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _. 第1段中的“infuriating”一词很可能是指_。A. annoying A. 烦人的B. exciting B. 激动的C. surprising C. 令人惊讶的D. terrifying D. 可怕的【考查点】词汇推断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词infuri

40、ating可以定位到文章第1段第1句“很少有比有人让我们等待更infuriating的习惯了。”，第2句又说“你的朋友和同事不太可能只是因为自私（selfish）”，由此可知别人迟到，让我们一直等待，通常会让我们觉得别人很自私，说明这是一种令人恼火的习惯。因此A选项“烦人的”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“激动的”和C选项“令人惊讶的”没有文章中体现的消极意义，属于反向干扰；D选项“可怕的”程度过深，属于推理过度。49. 【选项释义】Which one of the following is NOT true about unpunctual people? 关于不守时的人，以下哪一项不是真的？A

41、. They are selfish. A. 他们是自私的。B. They are undesirable. B. 他们是不受欢迎的。C. They are unfriendly. C. 他们是不友好的。D. They suffer from some mental illness. D. 他们患有某种精神疾病。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词unpunctual people可以定位到文章第2段“对不守时的人（unpunctual people）的看法几乎总是负面的（negative）”，说明不守时的人在别人心目中都是负面的形象，但文章中没有提到他们患有精神疾病。因此D选项“

42、他们患有某种精神疾病。”不符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们是自私的。”，由文章第1段第2句“你的朋友和同事不太可能只是因为自私（selfish）”可知，人们普遍认为不守时的人是自私的，符合原文，排除A，属于反向干扰；B选项“他们是不受欢迎的。”，不守时的人在文章中的形容词“无组织、混乱、粗鲁、不为他人着想”都是贬义的，说明他们不受人欢迎，符合原文，排除B，属于反向干扰；C选项“他们是不友好的。”，由文章中“粗鲁（rude）、不为他人着想（lacking in consideration）”可知，人们认为不守时的人待人不友好，符合原文，排除C，属于反向干扰。50. 【选项释义】Accordi

43、ng to Harriet Mellotte, unpunctual people who are not his patients _. 根据哈里特梅洛特的说法，不守时的人如果不是他的病人，会_。A. make him understand them better A. 使他更了解他们B. irritate him very much B. 让他非常恼火C. offer him a different perspective about lateness C. 为他提供一个关于迟到的不同观点D. are likely to be successful in their careers D.

44、有可能在事业上获得成功【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Harriet Mellotte可以定位到文章第3段第3句“在我的临床工作之外（Outside），别人迟到会让我特别生气（get under my skin）”，说明哈里特梅洛特认为那些除了他病人之外的不守时的人，会让他非常生气。因此B选项“让他非常恼火”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“使他更了解他们”，C选项“为他提供一个关于迟到的不同观点”和D选项“有可能在事业上获得成功”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。51. 【选项释义】According to Diana DeLonzor, unpunctual people _.

45、根据戴安娜德隆佐的说法，不守时的人_。A. feel ashamed of being late A. 为迟到而感到羞耻B. find it hard to change their habit of being late B. 发现很难改变他们迟到的习惯C. may get pleasure by keeping others wait C. 可能通过让别人等待而获得快乐D. do not expect others to be punctual D. 不期望别人守时【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Diana DeLonzor可以定位到文章第5段第1、2句“戴安娜德隆佐在她的

46、书永不迟到中写道：虽然有些人从让别人等待中得到好处，但如果你是典型的这种人，你不会喜欢迟到。然而，迟到仍然是你的宿敌。”，说明戴安娜德隆佐认为不守时的人很难改变自己迟到的习惯。因此B选项“发现很难改变他们迟到的习惯”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“为迟到而感到羞耻”出现在上一段，不是戴安娜德隆佐的观点，属于张冠李戴；C选项“可能通过让别人等待而获得快乐”，文章中提到有些人从让别人等待中得到好处，并不代表他们从中能获得快乐，典型的这类人不会喜欢迟到，属于曲解原文；D选项“不期望别人守时”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有。52. 【选项释义】Which of the following excuses

47、for being late is LESS acceptable? 以下哪种为迟到找的借口是较难接受的？A. Doing work more efficiently under pressure. A. 在压力下做工作更有效率。B. Claiming oneself to be a morning person. B. 声称自己是个早起的人。C. Explaining that he/she eats slowly. C. 解释他/她吃得很慢。D. Having an accident. D. 发生意外。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词excuses可以定位到文章第6段，本段

48、第2、3句说到“但其他的就没那么容易消化了（arent so easy to swallow）。有些人会把迟到当作格局宏大（big-thinking）、关心比守时更高深的事情的表现，有些人把迟到当作一种可爱的怪癖（an endearing quirk），还有一些人则把迟到看作压力之下才能把事情做得更好的标志（a mark of doing ones best work under pressure），或者自认为是夜猫子型生物钟，而非百灵鸟型（having the body clock of a night owl rather than a lark）。”，由此可知声称自己在压力之下才能把更好

49、地工作这一借口是不太容易让人接受的。因此A选项“在压力下做工作更有效率。”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“声称自己是个早起的人。”和C选项“解释他/她吃得很慢。”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“发生意外。”，由第6段第1句“有些借口，尤其是对于严重迟到的借口，是相当普遍令人接受的，比如意外（accident）或疾病。”可知，发生意外是能够轻松让人接受的借口，属于反向干扰。53. 【选项释义】What does the author think of consistent unpunctuality? 作者如何看待习惯性迟到？A. It is understandable. A. 它是可以理

50、解的。B. It is time wasting. B. 它是浪费时间的。C. It damages friendship. C. 它损害了友谊。D. It deserves our sympathy. D. 它值得我们同情。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词consistent unpunctuality可以定位到文章最后1段第1句“经常迟到（consistently late）可能不是你的错。你可能就是这种类型的人（your type）。”，说明作者认为习惯性迟到是可以理解的，因为人的性格特征之间存在差异。因此A选项“它是可以理解的。”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“它是浪费时间

51、的。”，C选项“它损害了友谊。”和D选项“它值得我们同情。”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。5. 单选题If gender conflicts continue at their current rate, my partner gloomily observed, men may fade into extinction and women will manage fine without them. What with test-tube babies, cloning, a falling birth-rate, have-it-all career women prevailing

52、like never before, it seems as if old-fashioned, instinct- driven sexual selection was totally out of fashion. But a study from four British universities suggests it is alive and well, and busy shaping the next generation.In spite of emancipation, the feminist movement, gender equality, consistent e

53、fforts to avoid gender-stereotyping, men still prefer to marry women who are not too brainy. In the study a high IQ hampered a womans chance of getting married, with a 40 per cent drop in marital prospects for every 16-point rise. The opposite was true for their male classmates. Top-earning men were

54、 8 per cent more likely to be married than their low-earning peers.How interesting that we automatically assume that men are put off by cleverness in women. Perhaps the brainy women did not want to get married. Possibly they could not find men clever enough to satisfy them. But these interpretations

55、 hardly merit more than a passing thought because this study simply reinforces what we know to be broadly true: that most women do want a committed partner and that most stable marriages occur in a power relation, with the man being the center.We usually think of competitiveness as a male activity,

56、and so it is mainly, which is all the more reason for it causing stress in a marriage. Our ancestry certainly included a long phase when the males competed for the alpha role, in which the top male took all the advantages and most of the group matings. Most men nurse secret dreams of being “benign”

57、dictators. No man likes his wife to earn more than he does. We see how fragile are the marriages of those in which the female has the whip hand in the shape of fame, success, and wealth. In contrast, marriages where the female status is obviously inferior, including arranged marriages, there is a gr

58、eater stability.Women have to accept that coming into our own and achieving the full potential of our (seemingly superior) capacity to use education will undoubtedly make us more inaccessible as partners. More choosy, and therefore less successful.1.The “test-tube babies” and other things are mentio

59、ned in Paragraph 1 to indicate （ ）.2.Conventional sexual selection（ ）.3.The statistics in Paragraph 2 illustrate that（ ）.4.What might be the meaning of “whip hand” in Paragraph 4?5.How is marriage related to power, according to the study?6.What might be the title of this passage?问题1选项A.the developme

60、nt of medical technologyB.the radical changes of our lifestyleC.the decreasing birth rate of human societyD.the independence of the female gender问题2选项A.gets out-of-dateB.remains activeC.becomes extinctD.seems prevalent问题3选项A.womens IQ and their marital probability are in direct proportionB.mens IQ a

61、nd their marital probability are in inverse proportionC.women prefer to marry men who are very intelligentD.men prefer to marry women who are less intelligent问题4选项A.Control.B.Desire.C.Intelligence.D.Commitment.问题5选项A.Married men and women all seek power over each other.B.A powerful husband is the ke

62、y to the successful marriage.C.A stable marriage depends on the power of the wife.D.Rich men tend to hold absolute power over their wives.问题6选项A.Single Womens Self-reliance.B.Road to a Successful MarriageC.Why Brainy Women Stay Single.D.Stereotypes About Marriage.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C【解

63、析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “men may fade into extinction and women will manage fine without them.（男人可能会逐渐消失，而没有他们，女人也会过得很好）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句。根据 “But a study from four British universities suggests it is alive and well，.”,其中“it” 指代 “old-fashioned, instinct-driven sexual selection”。从而得出本题答案。3.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句。 “In spite of emancipation, the feminist movement, gender equality, consiste