2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题52（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Language, culture, and personality may be considered _ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。separately from “独立的”, independently和of搭配。句意：语言、文化和个性被认为是相互独立存在的，但是实际上是不可分割的

2、。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Despite almost universal _ of the vital importance of womens literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world.问题1选项A.confessionB.identificationC.acknowledgementD.compliment【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。confession “坦白，供认”；identification “鉴定；身份证”；acknowledgeme

3、nt “承认，确认”；compliment “赞美”。句意：尽管女性文化的重要性成为统一承认的事情，但是在世界的许多国家，教育仍然是许多女性的梦想。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so _, she was surprised that her _ were recognized.问题1选项A.laudatory. stylesB.obvious. anecdotesC.oblique. allusionsD.critical. eulogies【答案】C【解析】形容词和名词

4、词义辨析。laudatory “赞美的”；obvious “明显的”；oblique “不光明正大的”；critical “批判的”。style “风格”；anecdote “轶事，奇闻”；allusion “暗示，提及”；eulogy “悼词，颂词”。句意：作者间接地指出了她的朋友们的不当之处，但是使她惊讶的是，这种暗示得到了大家的认可。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a

5、 place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35, 000 a year, lost approximately $ 175, 000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left

6、. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer，a “Fun Card”，which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.( 1)

7、 .In 1997 he lost $ 21，000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m. , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have

8、refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among th

9、ose of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino

10、would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(2) .The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Neverth

11、eless, Williams suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “ helplessly addicted to gambling ”，intentionally worked to “ lure” him to “ engage in conduct against his will”. Well.(3) .The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involv

12、es persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(4) .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical

13、 disabilities.(5) .Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers, dollars has become intense. T

14、he Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1, 800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3. 5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Webs most profitable business.问题1选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos mar

15、keting department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that

16、 if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter

17、of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The

18、 anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题2选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department co

19、ntinued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get bac

20、k to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in Ameri

21、ca is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely,

22、undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题3选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper hi

23、m with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would

24、quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government

25、.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature

26、of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题4选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And

27、 he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he w

28、on $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss s

29、uit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling i

30、s especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题5选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casi

31、no and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he

32、did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble t

33、his gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conduci

34、ve to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:F第5题:D【解析】1.考查上下文语义题。根据空格上文，描述了Williams从一开始不赌博到输钱的数目越来越大，说明他的赌瘾也越来越大，空格后文也提到了他玩老虎机也输了很多钱，所以根据上下文语境，推断出空格中的内容应该和他输钱的经历相关，用输钱的具体数据进行对比，最能说明他上瘾

35、的过程。选项C符合题意。2. 逻辑关系题。空格上文提到威廉姆的朋友将他送进了戒毒中心，并且赌场也把威廉姆纳入了禁止赌博人名单内，认为赌博行为对他造成了心理和健康伤害，在下次进入赌场前，需要提供赌场不会给他造成安全和健康威胁的证明。空格下文提到尽管赌场知道他成瘾了，但是仍然诱惑他做违背自己意愿的事，还是继续纵容他。前后形成了一个转折，尽管威廉姆没有出示证明，赌场仍然给他发邮件，而且进赌场使用娱乐卡并没有被发现。所以赌场并没有按上文说的抑制他赌博成瘾的行为，而是继续诱惑纵容他。选项A符合题意。 3. 考查上下文语义题。根据上文，“worked to lure him to engage in co

36、nduct against his will”，赌场明明知道他赌博成瘾还试图引诱他从事一些违背自己意愿的行为，所以空格是对这一段内容的一个承接，是对上一句话的进一步补充，B选项中也有lure和will两个单词，所以选项B符合题意。 4. 考查上下文语义题。空格前一句提到，心理障碍诊断统计手册第四版为“病理赌博”下了定义，其表现为：持续、反复且无法自控地对金钱的追求，寻求意外之财的冒险的刺激。空格应该是对“病理赌博”这一医学术语进行了进一步解释，下文出现“character flaws” 性格缺陷和选项中的“weakness of will”意志薄弱，形成了照应，选项F符合题意。 5. 考查上下

37、文语义题。空格上文提到美国社会正在把以前视为性格缺陷或精神失常的情况重新划为残障病态人之内，所以空格应该会对这个话题进行总结，选项D中“a sin, or a social disease” 一种罪恶，一种社会疾病，呼应了上文。空格下文提到了，在美国，赌博具有普遍性，存在很多彩票和赌场，线上赌博网站获利最丰，说明美国政府是支持赌博行业的。选项D也提到了美国政府是赌博最积极最重要的推动者，启示了下文。所以D项是一个过渡语段，承上启下。选项D符合题意。 5. 单选题This new book has received several reviews since its publication; b

38、ut none of them have made a just （ ） of the book.问题1选项A.calculationB.evaluationC.profitD.register【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。calculation “估计”；evaluation “评价”；profit “利润”；register “注册”。句意：这本书出版以来已经获得了几个评论，但是没有一个评论是表示对这本书的评价。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready

39、 to buy _ at any price.问题1选项A.orderB.emancipationC.hopeD.liberty【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。order “命令，顺序”；emancipation “解放，释放”；hope “希望”；liberty “自由”。句意：被二十年实质无政府状态所动摇，大多数人们将不惜一切代价购买规则。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _， and therefore _ external factors such as climate

40、changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned. immune toB.innate. unaffected byC.intricate. belong toD.specific. confused with【答案】B【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned “有学问的”；innate “与生俱来的”；intricate “复杂的，错综的”；specific “明确的，详细的”。immune to “不受影响的”；unaffected by “不受影响的”

41、；belong to “属于”；confused with “对困惑”。句意：一些动物的行为，比如交配行为，似乎是与生俱来的，不受外来因素影响的，比如气候变化，食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。8. 翻译题Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, theyll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of th

42、e latter.【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。9. 单选题Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market.问题1选项A.pick upB.bump intoC.pile upD.bring back【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。pick up“买到，获得”；bump into “无意中遇到，碰到”；pile up “积累，堆放起来”；bring

43、back “拿回来”。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话

44、的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The criminal was told he would be（ ）from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.问题1选项A.immuneB.immigrantC.imminentD.infallible【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。immune “免疫的”； immigrant “移民的”；imminent “即将来临的”；infallible “绝对可靠的”。句意：如果这个罪犯能说出有关谋杀犯的事，他可以免受惩罚。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题The Pri

45、me Minister denied that the president（ ）any information about the transfer and transaction of the nuclear weapons in North Korea.问题1选项A.kept silent aboutB.was privy toC.was knowledgeable aboutD.had a stake in【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。kept silent about “保持沉默”；was privy to “参与，对知情”；was knowledgeable about “熟悉”；

46、had a stake in “与利害攸关”。句意：首相否认，总统对朝鲜核武器的转让和交易知情。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题（ ）a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BarringC.Apart fromD.On account of【答案】B【解析】介词词义解析。except “除了”；barring “倘若”；apart from “除以外”；on account of “由于”。题中a delay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选

47、项B符合题意。14. 单选题（ ）there was not a soul around except some cars passing occasionally.问题1选项A.Over nightB.At duskC.In the dead of nightD.Fortnight【答案】C【解析】词组短语辨析。over night “过夜”；at dusk “傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of night “夜深人静之时”；fortnight “两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题A few common miscon

48、ceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1, 000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful peo

49、ple. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women see

50、king managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties（虔诚）while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or cor

51、porate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unat

52、tractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sa

53、ppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of

54、 physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive wom

55、en who aspire （追求）to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.1.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager_.2.The result of research carried out by social scientists show that_ .3.Experiments by scientists have

56、shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes_.4.“Good looks cut both ways for women” （Line 1，Para. 5） means that_ .5.It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world_.问题1选项A.a persons property or debts do not matter muchB.a persons outward appearance is not a criti

57、cal qualificationC.women should always dress fashionablyD.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded问题2选项A.people do not realize the importance of looking ones bestB.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC.good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD.a

58、ttractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not问题3选项A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB.they do not usually act according to the views they supportC.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals

59、accomplishments问题4选项A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB.good-looking women always get the best of everythingC.being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions问题5选项A.handsome men are

60、 not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC.physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD.good looks are important for women as they are for men【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第

61、3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“A few common misconceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep.”，可知很多人误解地认为美是肤浅的。后一句“A woman should always try to look her best.”，说明女性应该让自己看起来最好才是作者想要表达的正确观点。选项B符合题意。 2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，评价就越

62、高，说明外貌是一个优势。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段， “the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary.”，说明我们嘴上说着虔诚的话，但是实际行动却是相反的，也就是不会根据自己支持的观点行事。选项B符合题意。 4.语义题。根据文章第五段，“women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.”说明有足够的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表没有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不总是能带来优势。选项C符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men.”，说明在事业中，外貌的吸引力对女性的影响大于男性。选项A符合题意。