2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题87（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Knowing that he was promoted, Jason could hardly be（ ）on the phone.问题1选项A.adherentB.adhesiveC.coherentD.inherent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adherent“附着的；黏着的”；B选项adhesive“黏着的；带黏性的”；C选项coherent“连贯的；清晰的；条理清楚的”；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：在得知自己升职后，杰森在电话里几乎不能条理清楚地讲话。根据

2、句意，C选项正确。2. 单选题In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something diffe

3、rent is happening. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter mu

4、ch whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. The

5、ir graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better educating and develop better contacts. All that is plausible and mostly wrong. We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches tha

6、n less-selective schools. On two measures professors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores.

7、But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligen

8、ce, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition the job market and graduate school the results may change. Old-boy net

9、works are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our

10、pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of hig

11、hly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.1.Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?2.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more school than e

12、ver?3.What does the author mean by “Kids count more than their colleges” (Line 5，Para. 3)?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that （ ）.问题1选项A.They have the final say in which university their children are to attendB.They know bes

13、t which universities are most suitable for their childrenC.They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an applicationD.They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves问题2选项A.They want to increase their childrens chances of entering a

14、prestigious collegeB.They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarshipsC.Their children will have a wider choice of which college to go toD.Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to问题3选项A.Continuing education is more important to a persons succes

15、sB.A persons happiness should be valued more than his educationC.Kids actual abilities are more important than their college backgroundD.What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements问题4选项A.Getting into Ph.D . programs may be less competitive than getting into collegeB.Degree

16、s of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programsC.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRED.Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation问题5选项A.they earn less than their peers from other institutionsB.the

17、y turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduationD.they overemphasize their qualifications in job application【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than the

18、m.”，中文翻译为：但我们却不承认我们的痴迷（对上首选大学）更多是关于我们自己而非他们（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D选项“相比小孩自己，他们更关心自己的小孩去哪所大学上学”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them.”，中文翻译为：我们将自己小孩的大学背景当成展示我们怎样很好地养育他们的一种奖赏。以及原文第二段“We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry t

19、hat there wont be enough prize to go around.”，中文翻译为：我们有完全成熟的名誉恐慌，我们担心没有充足的奖赏。可知A选项“他们想增加自己小孩进入著名大学的机会”为正确答案。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities

20、 didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。可以得知C选项“小孩的实际能力比他们的大学背景更重要”符合题意。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由B项“著名大学的学位不保证学生进入研究生项目”可以定位到文章第三段中“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who go

21、t in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。故选B。5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段“One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.”，中文翻译为：

22、一个研究发现，在其他事情一样的情况下，精英学校的毕业生经历更多的工作不如意。判断出答案为C项“他们在毕业后经历更多的工作不如意”。3. 单选题Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been（ ）towards producing workers.问题1选项A.harnessedB.hatchedC.motivatedD.geared【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。gear toward“专门朝向某事发展”。句意：自工业主义出现以来，教育一直专门生产工人。根据句意可知D选项正确。4. 翻译题Stanford opened its

23、doors in 1891, and more than a century later, it remains dedicated to finding solutions to the great challenges of the day and to preparing our students for leadership in todays complex world.Stanford students stand out for their academic excellence. They come from throughout the United States and t

24、he world, representing demographic, economic and cultural diversity. Students are admitted on a need-blind basis, and the university ensures that no admitted student is unable to attend. Once here, students discover that exploration, challenge and curiosity are limited only by their desires.Stanford

25、 is unusual among great universities in having seven schools on one campus: Humanities and Sciences, Law, Medicine, Business, Earth Sciences, Engineering and Education. This breadth provides students with unparalleled freedom to cross departmental boundaries and discover intellectual and personal pa

26、ssions. Creative thinking, problem-solving, and research are central to the academic programs at Stanford and learning takes place in an environment of intimate collaboration.From Nobel Prize winners to undergraduates, all members of Stanford are engaged in creating new knowledge, whether in science

27、s, business, arts or wherever their interests lie. Stanford is particularly noted for its openness to multidisciplinary research not only within its schools and departments, but also in its laboratories, institutes, libraries and research centers.Living and learning are intimately intertwined at Sta

28、nford. Extra-curricular programs, organizations, performances, forums and athletics beckon students, faculty and staff, as well as neighbors from the communities around us.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.【答案】【参考译文】斯坦福大学成立于1891年，在之后

29、的一个多世纪，一直致力于寻求应对如今巨大挑战的方法并且为学生在当今复杂世界中成为领导阶层而做准备。斯坦福大学的学生因其优异的学业而引人注目。他们来自于美国及世界各地，体现着人口、经济和文化的多样性。该校招生不考虑学生支付能力，并确保所有被录取学生都能上学。只要进入这里，学生们发现探索、挑战和好奇的唯一制约因素就是自身的渴望。和其他著名大学的不同在于，斯坦福大学一个校区有七所学院：人文科学院、法律学院、医学院、商学院、地球科学院、工程学院和教育学研究院。这使得学生可以自由跨越不同的学院界限，发掘个人的求知欲。在斯坦福大学的课程体系中，创造性思维、问题解决和研究能力是非常重要的，而学习也是在一种密

30、切协作的环境中进行的。斯坦福大学的所有成员，从诺贝尔奖得主到在校本科生，都致力于创造新知识，不论是在科学、经济还是艺术领域，还是在任何其兴趣所在的领域。斯坦福大学因其公开性的多领域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范围之内进行，也可以在实验室、研究所、图书馆或者研究中心进行。在斯坦福大学，生活和学习是互为一体的。课外活动、组织机构、表演、论坛以及体育运动不仅吸引着学生和教职员工，也吸引着附近社区的邻居。5. 单选题Bullied by two classmates, the boy began to cry and tear slowly（ ）down his face.问题1选项A.oozedB.

31、trickledC.dribbledD.leaked【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。6. 单选题Poor Williams is in hospital again. The unlucky fellow seems（ ）to accidents.问题1选项A.proneB.destinedC.bound

32、D.disposed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prone“俯卧的；有倾向的，易于的”；B选项destined“注定的；命定的”；C选项bound“有义务的；必定的；受约束的”；D选项disposed“有倾向的；打算做的”。句意：可怜的威廉再次住院。这个不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。结合句意可知A选项正确。7. 单选题A recent of home buying patterns（ ）shows that many people under 30 in America are still renting.问题1选项A.statusB.bonusC.chorusD.census

33、【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项status“地位；状态”；B选项bonus“奖金；红利；额外津贴”；C选项chorus“合唱队；齐声”；D选项census“人口普查；普查”。句意：针对住宅购买模式的一项最近普查显示，在美国很多30岁以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D选项正确。8. 单选题After a number of disagreements with the committee, the helpless chairman（ ）.问题1选项A.retiredB.dismissedC.desertedD.resigned【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退

34、休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义，D选项正确。9. 单选题Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines: the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and （1） that most p

35、eople find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily-clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and （2） a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In （3）to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and whe

36、n it （4）, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction.（5）, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the（6）between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to（7）that sc

37、ience fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the（8）of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for（9）other literary form does quite the same things.The question is: what is science fiction? And the answer（0）be, unfortunately, that there have been（1）attempts to co

38、nsider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its（12）. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it, （13）that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin with,

39、 the following（14）should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the（15）of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and（16）, it covers much of the basic gro

40、undwork and provides a（17）of departure.The first pointthat science fiction is a literary subgenreis a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or（18）in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is cither a short story or a novel.（19）are only a few dramas which c

41、ould be（20）science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Russums Universal Robots)（21）the only one that is well-known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteri

42、stics and serves that same basic（22）in much the same way as prose fiction（23）, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can（24）about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, （25）short story or novel, must ha

43、ve a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language and theme. And（26）any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with（27）mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and（28）in exactly the same ways that themes are d

44、ealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular（29）of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would（30）for any other

45、story or novel.问题1选项A.expressionB.featureC.characterD.merit问题2选项A.desertsB.advocatesC.degradesD.reduces问题3选项A.regardB.contrastC.relationD.accordance问题4选项A.wasB.isC.didD.does问题5选项A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Also问题6选项A.bondsB.communicationC.relationD.alliance问题7选项A.claimB.swearC.requestD.confirm问题8

46、选项A.dimensionsB.walksC.aspectsD.roles问题9选项A.noneB.someC.anyD.no问题10选项A.shouldB.mustC.willD.cant问题11选项A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little问题12选项A.essenceB.characteristicsC.qualityD.value问题13选项A.norB.soC.thoughD.since问题14选项A.procedureB.argumentC.instructionD.definition问题15选项A.suggestionsB.applicationsC.impl

47、icationsD.descriptions问题16选项A.prolongedB.expandedC.continuedD.stretched问题17选项A.pointB.dotC.locationD.spot问题18选项A.abandonedB.dismissedC.initiatedD.ignored问题19选项A.ThoseB.WhatC.ThereD.They问题20选项A.referredB.entitledC.calledD.declared问题21选项A.beingB.isC.areD.does问题22选项A.intentionsB.functionsC.routinesD.oc

48、casions问题23选项A.in resultB.in commonC.in generalD.in manner问题24选项A.be sayingB.be saidC.to sayD.say问题25选项A.eitherB.neitherC.not onlyD.whether问题26选项A.asB.thoughC.unlikeD.like问题27选项A.interpretingB.translatingC.exchangingD.representing问题28选项A.recognizedB.presentedC.depictedD.expressed问题29选项A.conflictB.co

49、operationC.collectionD.combination问题30选项A.haveB.doC.beD.make【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C第21题:A第22题:B第23题:C第24题:B第25题:D第26题:D第27题:A第28题:B第29题:C第30题:D【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项expression“表现，表达；表情”；B选项feature“特色，特征；容貌；特

50、写”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色”；D选项merit“优点，价值；功绩；功过”。由空格前trait“特点”可知B选项正确。2. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；B选项advocate“提倡，主张，拥护”；C选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级；使降解”；D选项reduce“减少；降低”。由空格前关键字demean“贬低的身份”可知C选项正确。3. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。in contrast to“与相反”，由空格后关键句science fiction rarely emphasizes sex，中文翻译为：科幻小说很少强调性，可

51、知B选项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语法。由空格前的句子可知此处为一般现在时，并且这里为主谓结构。根据语境和句意可知D选项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“the basic interest of science fiction lies in.between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，中文大意为：科幻小说的根本兴趣在于人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的。因此判断出空格处表示相反的意思，A选项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项bonds“联结，连接，联系”；B选项communicatio

52、n“通讯；通信；交流”；C选项relation“关系；叙述；亲属关系”；D选项alliance“联盟，联合；联姻”。联系下文“between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，句意：人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的根据语境和句意可知C选项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项claim“声称；需要”；B选项swear“发誓；咒骂”；C选项request“请求”；D选项confirm“确认；确定”。由下文“that science fiction is a major literary genre”，中文翻译为：科

53、幻小说是一个主要的文学形式，可知A选项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项dimension“范围；尺寸，长度；深度”；B选项walk“步行；行业；人行道”；C选项aspect“方面；方向；形势；外貌”；D选项role“角色；任务”。根据上下文可知C选项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项none“没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西”；B选项some“一些；若干；其中的一部分；（数量不确切时用）有些人”；C选项any“任何；任何一个；若干”；D选项no“没有；不”。根据上文make it well worth reading and studying，中文翻译为：让它值得被阅读和

54、研究。for在本句话中翻译为“因为”，结合上下文意思，D选项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文可知该空格处应表示有把握的一种推测。因此B选项正确。11. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文，空格处应表示“几乎不”，此处大意应为：几乎没有人试图对这个问题作过详尽或认真的考虑。结合句意A选项正确。12. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质；精华”；B选项characteristics“特性，特征；特色”；C选项quality“质量，品质；特性”；D选项value“价值；价格”。B选项正确。13. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“various face

55、ts of its totality cannot be clarified”，中文翻译为“它全体的各个方面不能被澄清”可知此处表示否定，A选项正确。14. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项procedure“程序，手续；步骤”；B选项argument“论证；论据；争吵”；C选项instruction“指令；教导；用法说明”；D选项definition“定义；清晰度”。根据句意，D选项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项suggestion“建议；示意”；B选项application“应用；申请；敷用”；C选项implication“含义；暗示；可能的结果，影响”；D选项descri

56、ption“描述，描写”。联系上下文可知C选项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项prolong“延长；拖延”；B选项expand“扩展；使膨胀；详述”；C选项continue“延续”；D选项stretch“伸展，张开；使竭尽所能”。结合句意，B选项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。a point of departure“出发点”。A选项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项abandon“放弃”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇”；C选项initiate“开始；发起”；D选项ignore“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文及空格之前的内容，可知D选项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查语

57、法。there be表示某处存在某人或某物。此处大意为：只有一些戏剧作品因此C选项正确。20. 【试题解析】考查词义，A选项refer“涉及；委托；归诸于；使求助于”；B选项entitle“给称号；使有权利”；C选项call“称呼；召集；称为”；D选项declare“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文语义，可知C选项正确。21. 【试题解析】考查语法。With引导伴随状语，后面的系动词be要用现在分词形式，因此A选项正确。22. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项intention“意图；目的；意向；愈合”；B选项function“功能；职责”；C选项routine“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项occ

58、asion“时机；场合”。结合上下文可知B选项正确，意为“为同样的功能服务”。23. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。此处后文“that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.”中文翻译为：也就是说，它与其他小说和短篇故事有很多相同之处。结合上下文，可知C选项正确。24. 【试题解析】考查语法。此处为被动语态，can为情态动词，后面所接动词用原型。故选B。25. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“无论”，因此D选项正确。26. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“如同”，

59、故D选项正确。27. 【试题解析】考查词义。下文“mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him.”中文翻译为：人类的本性和人类与自己周围世界相关的经历。A选项interpret“解释；说明；阐明”；B选项translate“翻译；转化”；C选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；D选项represent“代表；表现”。根据语境及句意，可知A选项正确。28. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项recognize“认出，识别；承认”；B选项present“提出；介绍；呈现；赠送”；C选项depict“描述；描画”；D选项e

60、xpress“表达；快递”。联系上下文可知此处表达的为“呈现”，故B选项正确。29. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；B选项cooperation“合作，协作”；C选项collection“采集，聚集；税收征收；收藏品；募捐”；D选项combination“结合；组合；联合”。联系下文“of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language.”中文翻译为：叙述者、故事、情节、人物、场景和语言的判断出D选项正确。30. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据上文可知此处应填写系动词，故C选项正确。10.

61、 单选题Just because Im（ ）to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.问题1选项A.redundantB.subordinateC.versatileD.trivial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗长的”；B选项subordinate“从属的；次要的”；C选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的”；D选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”。句意：只是因为我是他的下属，我的老板就认为，他可以在对我没有表示任何尊敬的情况下把我差来差去。根据句意可知B选项正确。11. 单选题Insurance companies provide a service to the community by protecting it against expected and unexpected disasters. Before an insurance company will agree to insure anything, it collects accurate figu