2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题32（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题After four years in the same job his enthusiasms finally （ ） .问题1选项A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.dissipatedD.drained【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated恶化,变质；dissipated消散,浪费；drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste，drain相当于use too much，所以选项D更恰当。2

2、. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。3. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） further research a

3、nd further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Henry looked very much （ ） when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.问题1选项A.discourag

4、edB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的, 沮丧的”, bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时, 他显得非常尴尬。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness. Broadly sp

5、eaking, the sleep hours normally （ ） with the hours of darkness.问题1选项A.conformB.coincideC.collideD.comply【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。conform with符合，与.一致；coincide with符合，与.一致（强调时间上的一致性）；collide with冲突；comply with遵守。句意：人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义上说，睡眠时间通常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。6. 单选题Alone in a deserted house,

6、 he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） but lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝不；all but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Science and technology actually help to （ ） the us

7、eful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.问题1选项A.preserveB.prevailC.reserveD.precede【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。8. 单选题A few decades ago, it was still possible to leave home and go somewhere else: the archi

8、tecture was different, the landscape was different, the language, lifestyle, dress, and values were different. That was a time when we could speak of cultural diversity. But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing. The goal of the global economy is that all countries should be ho

9、mogenized. When global hotel chains advertise to tourists that all their rooms in every city of the world are identical, they dont mention that the cities are becoming identical too: cars, noise, smog, corporate high-rises, violence, fast food, McDonalds, Nikes, Levis, Barbie Dolls, American TV and

10、film. Whats the point of leaving home?There are many causes for this dreary turn of events, but one is central: economic globalization and institutions like the World Bank and the WTO promote a specific kind of homogenizing development that frees the largest corporations in the world to invest and o

11、perate in every market, everywhere. For these agencies and corporation, diversity is not a primary value: efficiency is. Diversity is an enemy because it requires differentiated sales appeal. What corporations love is creating the same values, the same tastes, using the same advertising, selling the

12、 same products, and driving out small local competitors. Mass marketers prefer homogenized consumers. They also prefer places with low wages, cheap resources, and the least restrictive environmental and labor laws.The new rules of global trade are primarily set by the ultra-secretive World Trade Org

13、anization (WTO), which now rivals the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the most powerful, yet undemocratic body in the world. Its rules are specifically designed to serve global corporate expansion and the homogenization process. They make it nearly impossible for nation-states to prevent certai

14、n harmful forms of corporate development, no matter what problems they bring. So we find that European bankers can dominate Third World economies ; Asian companies can cut down Canadian and Brazilian forests ; American corporations can dominate the whole worlds farmers and food supply ; Disney can h

15、omogenize consciousness and McDonalds can homogenize tastes, globally. Every country loses while global corporations win.Corporate invasions into diverse cultures often occur over vigorous protests by local governments and populations that try to protect local business, culture, health, food safety,

16、 and local livelihoods. Not everyone wants to become like everyone else. ( More than one million of Indias small farmers protested against the entry of industrial agriculture, specifically Cargill Corporation and Kentucky Fried Chicken. ) Millions of others have protested against the invasion and pr

17、omotion of genetically engineered foods which are destroying local livelihoods and threatening public health. But when countries try to slow down these corporate invasionsor create laws that protect local resources, or jobs, or health standards一they may find the laws challenged at the WTO as illegal

18、 restrictions against foreign investment. In fact, a recently proposed addition to the WTO would make it nearly impossible for any country to prevent imports of biotech food productsdespite public concern over health aspects.Meanwhile, all places are starting to merge. In rural France, local cheese

19、farms are sucked up by giant agribusiness. In England, small towns in the countryside have high-speed freeways and trucks jamming through them despite mass opposition. Rice paddies in Bali are turned into hotel resorts. Small farms in Japan become executive golf courses. Small businesses and retail

20、shops everywhere, including the U. S. , are being driven under by untaxed e-commerce, which the WTO may soon codify. Nepalese villages have Sylvester Stallone on their billboards, Barbie in their stores, and Jay Leno on their TV sets.Every place is becoming everyplace else: monoculture. “Get there b

21、efore its ruined. ” Is this a familiar phrase? Is this a system you want?If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad. With every country pressured to open up its forests, minerals, water, and land to global corporations, the few pristine places are disappearing fast. S

22、o are the native people who live in them. So are the animals, plants and biotathe biodiversity of the planet. ( Brazil, for example, recently suspended its environmental laws, so that Amazon forests can be cut down faster to help the country pay off IMF debts.)Meanwhile, industrial forestry practice

23、s, like clear-cutting, produce landscapes so barren that its hard to know if its the Amazon or Oregon ; landscapes of tree stumps look alike wherever they are. This is monoculture too. Biodiversity is disappearing as fast as cultural diversity.Heres the rationale for all this: By serving the needs o

24、f global business, everyone benefits. “A rising tide lifts all boats.” Is this true? While CEO salaries for global corporations are risingsome make $ 50 - 500 million annuallyworldwide, real wages for most people are falling. According to the U. N. , the gaps between rich and poor within countries a

25、nd among countries, has grown because of the inequities of global trade. Even in the U. S. , the median wage of factory workers has fallen by 10% in the last two decades. And, England now advertises that its workers are the lowest paid in Europe. Low wages are suddenly virtuous. Apparently, the risi

26、ng tide lifts mainly yachts.The global economy is designed to benefit the largest corporations in the world, who are getting rapidly larger and more dominant. Already some corporations are bigger in economic terms than most nation states. Mitsubishi is the 22nd largest economy in the world. General

27、Motors is 26th. Ford is 31st. They are larger than Denmark, Thailand, Turkey, Norway, Greece, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand and dozens of others.What can we do? Dozens of good organizations are working on these issues. This year, most are focused on the World Trade Organization Ministerial Meeting in S

28、eattle, Washington, two weeks from now. Most groups are demanding a halt to all WTO expansion and a full public reassessment of its activities.1.From the first paragraph, we know that（ ） .2.The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is （ ） .3.According to the passage, which of the follow

29、ing is NOT true about a homogenized world?4.Who should be blamed for the Brazilian forests being down?5.We can infer from the passage that vigorous protests occurred in India because （ ）.问题1选项A.the author is describing both the good and bad impacts of economic globalizationB.globalization is reducin

30、g the differences between the rich and the poorC.the author is unhappy with the consequences of globalizationD.globalization is good for both the rich and the poor问题2选项A.to discuss whats good and whats bad in economic globalizationB.to blame the WTO and other large global corporations for their wron

31、gdoingsC.to justify his worries about the disappearance of cultural diversityD.to refute the rationale of globalization and show his objection to global monoculture问题3选项A.Every place will become exactly the same as every place else.B.Cultural diversity and biodiversity will not be ruined.C.Peoples v

32、alue orientation is sure to be identical gradually.D.People can buy the same goods and may have the same tastes.问题4选项A.The International Monetary fund.B.The World Trade Organization.C.Large global corporations such as Mitsubishi.D.The Brazilian government.问题5选项A.the Indians didnt like the rules of t

33、he World Trade OrganizationB.global corporations promoted the sale of genetically engineered foods thereC.the international corporations have destroyed the local peoples livelihood and healthD.the Indians didnt want to follow the new rules of global trade【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一

34、段的“But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing.”作者指出随着经济全球化，多样性正在迅速消失。本段最后一句“Whats the point of leaving home?”表明了作者的态度，说明作者对全球化的结果感到不满。选项C符合原文。2.主旨大意题。文章首段提出经济全球化导致多样性的消失，第二段指出造成这种局面最核心的原因是世界银行和世贸组织等机构推动了同质化发展。在接下来的段落里详细描述了这些机构和跨国公司是如何促进同质化发展以及由此带来的影响。所以作者写此文章的目的是指责世贸组织和其他大型跨国公司的

35、错误行为, 选项B正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文第七段的第一句“If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad.”可知，同质化不仅破坏了文化的多样性，对生物的多样性也同样产生了糟糕的影响，所以选项B错误。4.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到原文第三段, 亚洲公司可以砍伐加拿大和巴西的森林。这是因为，国家几乎无法阻止某些有害形式的公司发展，而导致这一问题的主要原因是WTO制定了专门为全球企业扩张和同质化过程服务的全球贸易新规则。所以选项B正确。5.推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，印度小农抗议转基因食品

36、的入侵和推广，这些食品正在破坏当地的生计，威胁公共健康。所以选项B正确。选项C破坏人们生活健康的不是跨国公司而是它们推销的转基因食品，所以选项C错误。9. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great（ ） therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。intention 意图，目的；instinct本能，直觉；integrity正直，廉正；intensity强度，紧张。句意：市长

37、是一位非常廉正的女性，因此值得我们给予政治上和财政上的支持。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to （ ） themselves on the German team for last years defeat.问题1选项A.remedyB.reproachC.reviveD.revenge【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。remedy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。句意：西班牙队虽然状

38、态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Honesty no longer seems to be the best policy with telling of lies becoming a common part of our daily lives. A new research by a psychologist has revealed that most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent.（

39、1） “ People tell a considerable number of lies in everyday conversation. It was a very surprising result. We didnt expect lying to be such a part of daily conversation,” said Robert Feldman.The study also found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity. （2） “Women wer

40、e more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better,” Feldman noted.As part of the study, a group of 121 pairs of undergraduate students were recruited to participate. （3） Participants were unaware that the session was bein

41、g videotaped. At the end of the session, the students were then asked to watch the video of them and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small.Feldman said the students who participated in the study

42、were surprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had, ” Feldman said. The lies the students told varied considerably. （4） Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock b

43、and.“Its so easy to lie,” Feldman said. “We teach our children to be honest, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they like a birthday gift theyve been given. （5） .”问题1选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mi

44、xed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they

45、 meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.

46、Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题2选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying,

47、and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both

48、 adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying

49、 makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题3选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.So

50、me were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study,

51、 published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell y

52、ou things.问题4选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the pe

53、rson that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social

54、Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题5选项A.The results showed that men do not li

55、e more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They

56、were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at le

57、ast once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.【答案】第1题:F第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“The study also found that.”可推测, 填空处的内容应该也是描述这项

58、研究的一些发现。所以选项F正确。2.根据上句, 研究还发现, 男性和女性说谎的内容不同, 但数量没什么不同。而填空处下文描述的是男性和女性撒谎的不同方式。结合上下文, 选项A能起到连接上下文的作用, 所以正确。3.上句提到, 作为研究的一部分, 研究人员招募了121对本科生参与其中。下文也都是和研究相关的内容, 而剩下的选项中和研究相关的只有选项D。4.根据下文的“Others were more extreme, .”可推测, 这里是研究结果进行比较, 所以前面应该是“Some were.”, 选项C符合原文语境。5.根据上文, 我们教孩子们要诚实, 但我们也告诉他们, 假装他们喜欢别人送给

59、他们的生日礼物是有礼貌的。由此可知, 孩子们得到的关于说谎的实际方面的信息非常复杂, 这对他们成年后的行为是有影响的。所以选项B符合原文语境。12. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that （ ） we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。at large“详尽的”;at ease“安逸, 舒适”;at random“随便地, 任意地”;at intervals“不时地,

60、 间断地”。句意:讨论时间太长, 使人精疲力竭, 我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题The ancient Greeks had the notion of science as methodical knowledge, （ ） and universally valid.问题1选项A.compellingly certainB.compel certainC.complete certainD.very sure【答案】A【解析】副词搭配。句意:古希腊人认为科学是一种有系统的知识，具有令人信服的确定性和普遍有效性。根据后面的“universally valid”

61、可推测，填空处也应该为副词+形容词的搭配，所以首先排除选项B和C，compellingly与certain搭配使用, 表示“令人信服地确定”的意思。所以选项A更符合语境。14. 单选题He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally he （ ） and had to take a complete rest.问题1选项A.broke awayB.broke offC.broke upD.broke down【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。break away“脱离, 放弃, 逃跑”;break

62、off“突然停止;暂停”;break up“打碎;结束”;break down“发生故障;毁掉”。句意:他试图处理日益增加的工作负担，但最后他 ，不得不彻底休息。根据“take a complete rest”可推测，填空处应该指他的身体垮掉了，只有选项D有此含义，所以正确。15. 单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always（ ） .问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexplicable“费解的, 无法说明的”;healthy“健康的, 健全的”;sound“合理的, 可靠的”;straight“笔直的, 正直的”。句意:我们可以依靠William去执行这次任务, 因为他的判断一直都很可靠。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under （ ） of law.问题1选项A.guidelineB.definitionC.constrain