2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题33（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always _ enough.问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inexplicable“费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的”；B选项healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C选项sound“合理的；无损的；有能力的；充足的；彻底的；熟睡的；资金充实的；严厉的；健全的”；D选项st

2、raight“直的；连续的；笔直的；正直的；整齐的；异性恋的”。句意：我们可以靠威廉去完成这个任务，因为他的决策总是合理的。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Einsteins theory of relativity seemed _ when it was first introduced.问题1选项A.impressiveB.unaccountableC.inconsistentD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项impressive“感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的”；B选项unaccountable“无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的”；C选项inconsis

3、tent“不一致的；前后矛盾的”；D选项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的；极好的，极大的”。句意：爱因斯坦的相对论刚被提出时似乎令人难以置信。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Although he is very fat, Jack doesnt fancy _ on a strict diet.问题1选项A.to putB.puttingC.to be putD.being put【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。fancy“想做；喜爱；自负；想象；设想，认为”，后面一般接v-ing形式，表示“想要，想”，故可排除A选项和C选项。又根据句意：虽然杰克很胖，但他并不想要严格节食。可知主语

4、与谓语之间是主动关系，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Fitness helps _ signs of depression, such as indecision and lack of zest for daily activities.问题1选项A.alleviateB.diagnoseC.assessD.manipulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项diagnose“诊断；断定；判断”；C选项assess“评定；估价；对征税”；D选项manipulate“操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改”。句意：健康有助于缓解抑郁迹象，如优柔寡断和对日常活动

5、缺乏热情。因此A选项正确。5. 翻译题residential area, leaves of black barrier, plaque, arch二大门二大门建于1909年，是清华大学的老校门。1933年，校园扩大，西区住宅区延伸，（同时）新校门修建（即现在的西校门）。梁实秋在清华大学读书的时候，这样描述它的老校门：清华大学的老校门由灰砖砌成，复以白漆，笼罩在淡淡的乳白色中，与总是半开着的两扇黑色棚栏相映衬。在拱形大门的横匾上刻着三个醒目的中国字“清华园”，为清朝末期一个叫作那同的达官所书写。大门在文化革命初期被损毁，直到1991年才重新修复。【答案】The Second Gate, bui

6、lt in 1909, is the old gate of Tsinghua University. In 1933, the campus was expanded, the West Side residential area was extended, and the new school gate (now the West Gate) was built.When Liang Shiqiu was a student at Tsinghua University, he described its old gate this way: The old gate of Tsinghu

7、a University was built of grey brick, clad in white paint, and enveloped in a pale milky white, set off by two leaves of black barrier that were always half open.On the horizontal plaque of the arched gate are three striking Chinese characters “Qing Hua Yuan”, written by an official named Natong in

8、the late Qing Dynasty. The gate was damaged at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution and was not restored until 1991.6. 单选题He is an honest person. He is _ to do such a dishonest thing.问题1选项A.the least manB.not likelyC.the last manD.the latest man【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。在“the last person to do sth.”或“the

9、last person that.”句式中，the last=the least likely；last由原义“最后的”演绎为“最不大可能的，最不愿意的”，因此它含有否定的意思，如：You are the last person I want to see.“你是我最不愿意看到的人”，Thats the last thing he wants.“那是他最不愿意要的东西”，但并非所有的the last person to do sth.都表示“最不肯（或最不会，最不愿意）做某事的人”，有时表示“最后一个做某事的人”，如在抢险斗争中最后一个撤离现场的人：He was the last person

10、 to leave the sinking ship.到底表示“最不愿意做某事的人”还是表示“最后一个做某事的人”，这要根据上下文的意思来判定。not likely虽符合语法结构，但不符合上下文的逻辑意思。句意：他是一个诚实的人，他绝对不可能做这种不诚实的事。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题It is a pity for _ any disagreement in the family.问题1选项A.there to beB.there beingC.there beD.being【答案】A【解析】考查不定式用法。不定式结构做主语通常表示具体动作，间或也可表示抽象动作，这一点与-ing分词结构做

11、主语恰恰相反。用作主语的不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可以在特定上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组”或“for+ there to be”表示。如：It is important for us to have a good grasp of English.Its a pity for there to be any disagreement in the family.（在这种结构中，there后面的不定式只能是to be）本题句意：家庭不和实在是很遗憾。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题_, for whom many young men are crazy.问题1选项A.Here the

12、 movie star comesB.Here comes the movie starC.The movie star comes hereD.Comes here the movie star【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。本题主要考查“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句。当关系代词充当定语从句中的某一介词宾语时，通常把介词提前，用“介词+关系代词”来引导定语从句。介词前置时，whom指人，which指物。本题用的是whom，因此先行词应是前面的movie star，因此movie star必须作为前半句的宾语来承接后面的从句，故排除A选项、C选项，B选项Here comes

13、.，看见某人、某物正朝自己这边来时用该句。此句语序是倒装，“come”应与其后面的名词保持主谓一致，有时名词也可以放在“come”前面。D选项Comes here意为“来这里”，为祈使句，根据句意：电影明星来了，许多年轻人为他疯狂。可知B选项正确。9. 单选题Two equally brilliant scientists apply for a prestigious research fellowship awarded by a top scientific organization. One is white, the other black. Does the color of th

14、eir skin matter?Most scientists will already be screaming a resounding “no”. Those who progress in science do so because of their work, not their pigmentation. Science is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore be rigorously color-blind and shun both racial discrimination and affirmative actio

15、n.Well, lets think about this. If science really is so meritocratic, where are all the black Nobel prizewinners and fellows of the Royal Society? The black chairs of government scientific panels? The black Richard Dawkinses and Susan Greenfields? When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europes larg

16、est 100 companies, it was shocked to unearth only six board members of non-European racial origin. One shudders to think what a similar survey of upper echelons of European science would reveal.Even the usually stick-in-the-mud British government now acknowledges there is a problem. Last month it pr

17、omised new funding for projects designed to combat institutional racism in science education in schools. As measures go it is little and late, but welcome nonetheless. Despite starting school as the top achievers, black British children have long underperformed in science.And there are positive chan

18、ges afoot higher up the scientific career ladder too. At present, few scientific organizations, funding bodies or labs in Europe bother even to track the racial backgrounds of those they hire or fund. As a result, the full scale of the under-representation problem is hidden. Not for much longer. Bri

19、tains newly amended Race Relations Act requires all government bodies, including funding councils, to track the effects of their activities on different ethnic groups and ensure that all benefit equally. And next year a European Union directive will push all EU employers this way too.But ethnic moni

20、toring alone will not create the black role models European science so badly needs. Something else is needed. Funding agencies and influential organizations like the Royal Society must bite the bullet of affirmative action. That means ring-fencing fellowships and grants for applicants from particula

21、r racial backgrounds. And it means seeking out those who have broken through the barriers of race and giving them preference over their equally well-qualified white peers for positions of influence and places in the spotlight.Tokenism and fine sentiments will no longer do. With other professions hav

22、ing already leapt ahead in this area, the enduring whiteness of science is more than an embarrassment: it is a barrier to its very credibility. If a large segment of Europes schoolchildren never see a scientist who looks like them, they will continue to think science is not for them. And if scientis

23、ts dont reflect the multiracial societies they live in, theyll find it hard to win the public trust they crave. Does color matter? You bet it does.1. Science is not so meritocratic because _.2. The embarrassing problem addressed in the passage _.3. One of the positive changes afoot is _.4. To bite t

24、he bullet of affirmative action is _.5. The author argues that color matters because it is of _.问题1选项A.it is color-blindB.it is racially discriminativeC.it awards wrong research workersD.it is practiced by the white exclusively问题2选项A.was proved by Newsweek magazines surveyB.shocked government scient

25、ific panelsC.was revealed by the Royal SocietyD.all of the above问题3选项A.funding research institutions or labsB.setting up a scientific career ladderC.hiding the racial discriminationD.belittling racial backgrounds问题4选项A.to set up black role models in EuropeB.to keep up ethnic issues under surveillanc

26、eC.to restrict fellowships and grants to the blackD.to balance the distribution of fellowships and grants between the white and the black问题5选项A.the nature of scienceB.credibility of scienceC.an embarrassing tokenismD.mutual trust between generations【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章

27、第二段“Those who progress in science do so because of their work, not their pigmentation. Science is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore be rigorously color-blind and shun both racial discrimination and affirmative action.（那些在科学上取得进步的人是因为他们的工作，而不是他们的肤色。科学是任人唯贤的，是客观的。因此，它必须严格无视肤色，避免种族歧视和平权行动。）

28、”，由此可知种族歧视是科学不那么任人唯贤的原因，所以B选项“它是种族歧视的”符合题意。A选项“它是色盲的”；C选项“它奖励错误的研究人员”；D选项“是白色人种独有的”均不符合原文。因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europes largest 100 companies, it was shocked to unearth only six board members of non-European racial origin. One shudders to think what a

29、 similar survey of upper echelons of European science would reveal.（当新闻周刊最近对欧洲最大的100家公司进行调查时，令人震惊的是，只有6名非欧洲种族血统的董事会成员。一想到对欧洲科学界高层进行的类似调查将揭示出什么，人们就会不寒而栗。）”，由此可知新闻周刊的调查证实了文章中提到的尴尬的问题，即种族歧视确实存在，所以A选项“新闻周刊的调查证实了这一点”符合题意。B选项“震惊政府科学小组”；C选项“由皇家学会披露”；D选项“以上都是”都不符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段“And there a

30、re positive changes afoot higher up the scientific career ladder too. At present, few scientific organizations, funding bodies or labs in Europe bother even to track the racial backgrounds of those they hire or fund. （在科学事业的阶梯上也有积极的变化。目前，欧洲几乎没有科学组织、资助机构或实验室费心去追踪他们雇佣或资助的人的种族背景。）”，由此可知对种族背景关心的淡化是发生的积极

31、变化之一，所以D选项“轻视种族背景”符合题意。A选项“资助研究机构或实验室”；B选项“建立科学的职业阶梯”；C选项“隐藏种族歧视”都与题干无关，因此D选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“But ethnic monitoring alone will not create the black role models European science so badly needs. Something else is needed. Funding agencies and influential organizations like the Royal Society mus

32、t bite the bullet of affirmative action. （但是，仅靠种族监控并不能创造出欧洲科学迫切需要的黑人榜样。还需要一些别的东西。资助机构和像英国皇家学会这样有影响力的组织必须忍受平权行动。）”，由此可知平权行动是为了建立黑人榜样，所以A选项“在欧洲建立黑人榜样”符合题意。B选项“保持种族问题在监视之下”；C选项“限制黑人的奖学金和补助金”；D选项“平衡研究金和补助金在白人和黑人之间的分配”都不符合原文，因此A选项正确。5.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“And if scientists dont reflect the multiracial so

33、cieties they live in, theyll find it hard to win the public trust they crave. Does color matter? You bet it does.（如果科学家不能反映出他们所生活的多种族社会，他们将发现很难赢得他们渴望的公众信任。肤色有关系吗?当然了。）”，由此可知作者认为肤色对科学的可信度有很大关系，科学家只有尊重不同肤色的社会，才会取得公众信任，所以B选项“科学的可信度”正确。A选项“科学的本质”；C选项“尴尬的表面文章”；D选项“世代之间的相互信任”说法都不正确，因此B选项正确。10. 单选题The dete

34、ctive and his assistant have begun to _ the mysterious murder.问题1选项A.come throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come through“经历；安然度过；获得成功”；B选项look into“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；C选项make over“转让；移交；修改”；D选项see to“注意；负责；照料”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题The doctor is trying to save the

35、 patient by every _ means.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.imaginaryC.imaginableD.imagination【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项imaginative“富于想象的；有创造力的”；B选项imaginary“虚构的，假想的；想象的；虚数的”；C选项imaginable“可能的；可想象的”；D选项imagination“（n.）想象力；空想；幻想物”。句意：医生正在想尽一切办法挽救病人。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which ha

36、s concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, （1） will be useful to introduce some （2） concepts. Conflict, （3） as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is （4） from competition, （5） means opposition among social units （6） seeking to obtain so

37、mething which is （7） inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who （8） in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both （9） of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social units function in the disservice of one another. Oppos

38、ition is （10） contrasted to cooperation, a （11） by which social units function in the service of one another. These （12） are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited （13） , but conflict is not. Conflict, neverth

39、eless, is very （14） to occur and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have based their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea （15） in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best adapted remain （16） . In general, ho

40、wever, this struggle （17） is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition （18） starve to death or are killed by other types of animals. This struggle for existence is not （19） human war, but is （20） the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important

41、quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.问题1选项A.itB.thatC.whatD.this问题2选项A.relatedB.relatingC.relativeD.relation问题3选项A.specifiedB.remarkedC.definedD.claimed问题4选项A.variableB.distinguishedC.variousD.isolated问题5选项A.itB.thisC.thatD.which问

42、题6选项A.criticallyB.approximatelyC.independentlyD.costly问题7选项A.onB.forC.withD.in问题8选项A.enterB.participateC.fallD.involve问题9选项A.formationsB.classesC.termsD.reactions问题10选项A.neverthelessB.howeverC.thusD.maybe问题11选项A.processionB.standardC.processD.measurement问题12选项A.accountsB.definitionsC.descriptionsD.e

43、xplanations问题13选项A.resourcesB.originsC.sourcesD.materials问题14选项A.likelyB.probablyC.necessarilyD.possibly问题15选项A.whichB.whileC.whenD.that问题16选项A.livedB.livingC.aliveD.life问题17选项A.on the contraryB.at lengthC.in particularD.in nature问题18选项A.not onlyB.eitherC.neitherD.both问题19选项A.similar toB.same asC.re

44、sembledD.imitated问题20选项A.equalB.alikeC.likeD.unlike【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。it +be动词+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是的”，该句型中it做形式主语。句意：在考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些相关的概念。因此A选项正确。2.考查固定搭配。A选项related“有关系的，有关联的；讲述的，叙述的”；B选项re

45、lating“关联；关系；联系”；C选项relative“相对的；有关系的；成比例的”；D选项relation“关系；叙述；故事；亲属关系”。related concepts“相关概念”。句意：在考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些相关的概念。因此A选项正确。3.考查动词辨析。A选项specified“被指定；详细说明”；B选项remarked“被评论；被察觉”；C选项defined“被定义；下定义；使明确”；D选项claimed“被声称；被宣称；被断言”。句意：冲突被定义为社会实体之间相互对立的对立。因此C选项正确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项variable“adj. 变量的；可变的；易变的，多变

46、的；变异的”；B选项distinguished“v. 辨别；使有区别；看清，认出”；C选项various“adj. 各种各样的；多方面的”；D选项isolated“v. 使孤立；使分离；将剔出”。根据固定搭配be distinguished from“不同于；有别于；与加以区别”可知句意为：冲突是指社会实体之间相互对立的对立，它不同于竞争，竞争是指社会单位之间为了独立获取供给不足的东西而产生的对立。因此B选项正确。5.考查定语从句。定语从句的引导词有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as；关系副词when，where，why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从

47、句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。题干中的从句缺少主语成分，定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who/that，修饰物时用which/that引导，that引导从句时前面一般不用逗号隔开，因此该题应选which。句意：冲突是指社会实体之间相互对立的对立，它不同于竞争，竞争是指社会单位之间为了独立获取供给不足的东西而产生的对立。因此D选项正确。6.考查副词辨析。A选项critically“精密地；危急地；严重地；批评性地；用钻研眼光地；很大程度上；极为重要地”；B选项approximately“大约，近似地；近于”；C选项independently“独立地；自立地”；D选项costly“昂贵的

48、；代价高的”。句意：冲突是指社会实体之间相互对立的对立，它不同于竞争，竞争是指社会单位之间为了独立获取供给不足的东西而产生的对立。因此C选项正确。7.考查固定搭配。in short / inadequate supply“缺乏的；供应不足的”为固定搭配，一般不用其他介词。句意：冲突是指社会实体之间相互对立的对立，它不同于竞争，竞争是指社会单位之间为了独立获取供给不足的东西而产生的对立。因此D选项正确。8.考查动词短语辨析。A选项enter in“登记姓名，细节”等。如：enter in an item in an account book将一笔账记入账本；B选项participate in“参

49、与”；C选项fall in“陷入”，如fall in love with sb；D选项involve in“卷入”，一般为卷入某个事件。句意：竞争对手可能不了解彼此，而那些参与冲突的人却了解彼此。因此B选项正确。9.考查名词辨析。A选项formations“形成；构造；编队”；B选项classes“级别，阶级；种类，类别”；C选项terms“地位，关系；条款；术语；措辞；价钱”；D选项reactions“反应，感应；反动，复古；反作用”。句意：冲突和竞争都是对立的两类。因此B选项正确。10.考查副词辨析。A选项nevertheless“然而，不过；虽然如此”；B选项however“无论如何；不

50、管怎样（接副词或形容词）；然而；可是”；C选项thus“因此；从而；这样；如此”；D选项maybe“也许；可能；大概”。句意：因此，对立与合作形成对比，合作是社会实体相互服务的过程。因此C选项正确。11.考查名词辨析。A选项procession“队伍，行列；一列，一排；列队行进”；B选项standard“标准；水准；旗；度量衡标准”；C选项process“（为达到某一目标的）过程；（自然变化的）过程；工艺流程；诉讼程序；传票；突起；进展；（发型）直发式”；D选项measurement“测量；度量；尺寸；量度制”。句意：因此，对立与合作形成对比，合作是社会实体相互服务的过程。因此C选项正确。12

51、.考查名词辨析。A选项accounts“账户；解释；账目，账单；理由；描述”；B选项definitions“定义；清晰度；解说”；C选项descriptions“摘要；说明，说明书；描述”；D选项explanations“说明，解释；辩解”。句意：这些定义是必要的，因为强调在一个资源有限的世界中，个人或群体之间的竞争是不可避免的，但冲突不是。因此B选项正确。13.考查名词辨析。A选项resources“资源，财力；办法；智谋”；B选项origins“起源；原点；出身；开端”；C选项sources“来源；水源；原始资料”；D选项materials“材料；布料；原料；材质”。句意：这些定义是必要的

52、，因为强调在一个资源有限的世界中，个人或群体之间的竞争是不可避免的，但冲突不是。因此A选项正确。14.考查词性。A选项likely“adj. 很可能的；合适的；有希望的”；B选项probably“adv. 大概；或许；很可能”；C选项necessarily“adv. 必要地；必定地，必然地”；D选项possibly“adv. 可能地；也许；大概”。根据句子结构可知空格处应填形容词，句意：然而，冲突是很可能发生的，而且可能是人类社会的一个基本和可取的因素。因此A选项正确。15.考查同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that，whether，what，which，who，when，where，why，h

53、ow 等词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。当同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句，即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。该句空格后的句子成分完整，所以应用that作为引导词。句意：许多作者认为战争是无法避免的，他们的论点是基于这样一种观点，即在动物群体之间为生存而进行的斗争中，只有那些最适合生存的动物才能存活。因此D选项正确。16.考

54、查固定搭配。A选项lived“居住；活着；度过；以为生”；B选项living“活的；现存的；在使用的；供生活起居用的；活跃的；逼真的”；C选项alive“活着的；活泼的；有生气的”；D选项life“生活，生存；寿命”。根据固定搭配remain alive“仍然在世；活着；存活”可知句意为：许多作者认为战争是无法避免的，他们的论点是基于这样一种观点，即在动物群体之间为生存而进行的斗争中，只有那些最适合生存的动物才能存活。因此C选项正确。17.考查短语辨析。A选项on the contrary“相反；反之；正相反；反而”；B选项at length“最后，终于；详细地”；C选项in particul

55、ar“特别地；尤其；特别是”；D选项in nature“性质上；实际上；实质上”。句意：但总的来说，这种斗争本质上是竞争，而不是冲突。因此D选项正确。18.考查固定搭配。A选项not only“不仅是；不只”；B选项either or“二者择一的；要么要么”；C选项neither“两者都不；既不也不”；D选项both“双方都，两者都；不仅而且”。句意：在竞争中失败的动物，要么就是饿死，要么就被别的动物杀死。因此B选项正确。19.考查固定搭配。A选项similar to“与相似；和相同”；B选项same as“等同于；与一致”；C选项resembled“类似，像；相像”；D选项imitated“

56、模仿的；仿造的”。根据固定搭配be similar to“与相似；类似”可知句意为：这种为生存而进行的斗争不像人类的战争。因此A选项正确。20.考查固定搭配。A选项equal“平等的；相等的；胜任的”；B选项alike“相似的；相像的”；C选项like“像，如同；符合的方式”；D选项unlike“不像，和不同；与不同”。根据固定搭配be like“像；相像；好像”可知句意为：这种为生存而进行的斗争与人类的战争不同，而是像个人为就业、市场和材料而进行的竞争。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题He believed in conventional behaviors which _ to the hi

57、ghest standards.问题1选项A.confirmedB.confrontedC.conformedD.affirmed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confirmed“确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固”；B选项confronted“面对；遭遇；比较”；C选项conformed“符合；遵照；适应环境；使遵守；使一致；使顺从”；D选项affirmed“肯定；断言；确认”。句意：他相信符合最高标准的传统行为。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come t

58、o be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides,

59、who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progre

60、ss at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instinct remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but

61、makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering means nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get

62、 a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education