2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题75（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britains new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its successful launch in the UK. A key step in the governments $1.4 billion e-government program has been online payment

2、for the Inland Revenues pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedure, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsofts co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British syste

3、m to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet.“Although some US states are using leading edge technology, Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-government initiatives. It shoul

4、d put the citizen at the center of the government,” says Davide Vigano, general manager of public sector at the software group, “The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Microsofts net technology,” said Andrew Pinder, the governments e-envoy. “This is a key piece of infrastructure,

5、brought in on time and on budget,” he said.The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government institutions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful impl

6、ementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.“This is a milestone for Microsoft,” said Barry Goffe, group manager, net enterprise solutions at the Redwood, Was

7、hington state-based company. “Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away.” The hardware was supplied by Dell, and the servers are managed by Cable and Wireless. The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information

8、 to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms. “People want to hang on to their legacy systems which have been massive investments, but integrating these has proven difficult and expensive in the past. Its astonishing how the friction has been wiped out by XML, wh

9、ich reduces paperwork, reduces complexity and slashes costs,” said Mr. Goffe.1. The e-government software is part of Microsoffs _.2. Two years ago, the e-government program was still impossible due to the lack of _.问题1选项A.enterprise software businessB.most profit-making productsC.secure transaction

10、technologyD.most sophisticated technology问题2选项A.advanced hardwareB.efficient severs managementC.the language protocol XMLD.research funding【答案】第1题:A第2题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第三段第二句The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise softwar

11、e business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.（这一成功实施对微软来说是一场政变，微软正试图建立自己的企业软件业务，并将目标对准了电子政府）。A选项“软件企业”，根据文章内容，微软把电子政府作为软件企业，A选项正确。B选项“最赚钱的产品”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。C选项“安全交易技术”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“最精湛技术”，不符合题意，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定

12、位到文章最后一段第四句The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms.（该技术基于XML，这是一种新的语言协议，允许对信息进行标记，然后在不同平台上的计算机之间轻松交换）。由此可推测，两年前电子政府不可能是因为缺乏语言协议XML。C选项“语言协议XML”符合题意，C选项正确。A选项“硬件强化”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。

13、B选项“高效的塞维管理”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“研究经费”，文章所说，整合这些系统既困难又昂贵，XML降低了复杂性，并削减了成本，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。2. 单选题One lesson of the financial crisis is this: when the entire financial system succumbs to panic, only the government is powerful enough to prevent a complete collapse. Panics signify the triumph of fear

14、. Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) was part of the process by which fear was overcome. It wasnt the only part, but it was an essential part. Without TARP, wed be worse off today. No one can say whether unemployment would be 11% or 14%; it certainly wouldnt be 8.9%.That benefited all Americans.

15、 TARP, says Douglas Elliott of the Brookings Institution, “is the best large federal program to be despised by the public.” The source of outrage is no secret. Bankers are blamed for the crisis and reviled. The bank bailout-TARPs first and most important purpose-was unpopular. Most Americans, says E

16、lliott, “believe that taxpayers spent $700 billion and got nothing in return.”What this ignores is that an alternative being promoted at the time was widespread nationalization of banks. The cost would have been many times higher; the practical problems would have been enormous. As it was, TARP inve

17、sted $245 billion in banks. The extra capital helped restore trust. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve increased its lending; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, guaranteed $350 billion of bank borrowings. Banks resumed dealing with each other because they regained confidence that commitments would be h

18、onored. Of the $245 billion invested in banks, the Treasury has already recovered about $244 billion, including interest payments, dividends, and cash from sold bank stock warrants. So the bank rescue has roughly broken even. When TARPS remaining bank investments are closed, the Treasury expects an

19、overall profit of about $20 billion.Almost all of TARPS activities have been distasteful. This was surely true of the rescue of General Motors and Chrysler. But the automakers5 collapse would clearly have worsened already gloomy unemployment. Did we really want these companies to shut down, with som

20、e plants sold to foreign automakers? We need to remember that TARP was a desperate program for desperate times. But some criticisms are broad generalities that, on inspection, are highly suspect. One common assertion is that TARP will encourage more reckless risk-taking because big financial firms k

21、now theyll be bailed out if their gambles backfire. Bankers keep profits but are protected against losses, which are assumed by the public.This is a serious issue, but TARPS legacy is actually the opposite. During the crisis, investors in banks and financial institutions suffered huge losses. It was

22、nt predictable which institutions would survive and which wouldnt-or on what terms. The same would be true in the future. Indeed, TARPS extreme unpopularity compounds uncertainty, because it suggests that politicians will recoil from more bailouts. The moral hazard is more imagined than real.1. What

23、 do we learn about TARP from the first paragraph?2. The primary purpose of launching TARP is to _.3. What did TARPs $245 billion investment in banks bring about?4. Whats the authors attitude towards the rescue of General Motors and Chrysler?5. What does the author imply by saying “TARPs extreme unpo

24、pularity compounds uncertainty” in the last paragraph?问题1选项A.It played an important role in combating fear in the financial crisis.B.It was considered as the last resort used by the federal government.C.It made more people lose their jobs and more firms go bankrupt.D.It caused great panic and confus

25、ion among the US citizens.问题2选项A.ease the employment pressureB.help banks survive the crisisC.improve peoples living standardsD.remove taxpayers anxiety问题3选项A.Numerous practical problems remained unsolved.B.The government suffered a severe economic loss.C.More thoughtless risk-taking appeared in fin

26、ancial firms.D.Banks got trust again and began to take on a new look.问题4选项A.IndifferentB.DoubtfulC.SupportiveD.Concerned问题5选项A.TARP wont effectively solve the major problem faced by US economy.B.Politicians decision on bailouts may be subject to public opinions.C.Itll be fairly easy to predict which

27、 bank would survive with TARP.D.The lack of the federal bailout program will lead to more losses.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段第四句Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) was part of the process by which fear was overcome.（问题资产救助计划（TARP）是克服恐惧的过程的一部分），A选项“在金融危机中，它在

28、战胜恐惧方面发挥了重要作用。”符合文章内容，因此A选项正确。B选项“这被认为是联邦政府最后的手段”，文章所说，这不是唯一的一部分，因此可排除B选项。C选项“它使更多的人失去工作，更多的公司破产”，文章所说没有资助计划，情况可能会更糟，因此C选项可排除。D选项“这在美国公民中引起了极大的恐慌和混乱”，不符合题意，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句As it was, TARP invested $245 billion in banks. The extra capital helped restore trust.（事实上，

29、TARP向银行投资了2450亿美元。额外的资本帮助重建了信任）。B选项“帮助银行度过危机”，文章所说，TARP计划向银行投资了2450亿美元，银行恢复了相互间的交易，可推测TARP帮助银行渡过了危机，因此B选项正确。A选项“缓解就业压力”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“提高了人们的生活水平”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“消除纳税人的焦虑”，文章所说TARP的活动令人反感，因此不会消除纳税人的焦虑，可排除D选项。因此正确答案为B选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第七句Banks resumed dealing with each othe

30、r because they regained confidence that commitments would be honored.（银行恢复了相互间的交易，因为它们重新相信，承诺将得到履行）。D选项“银行再次获得了信任，并开始以新的面貌出现”，符合文章内容，因此D选项正确。A选项“许多实际问题仍未解决”，文章所说，TARP解决了银行问题，因此A选项可排除。B选项“政府遭受了严重的经济损失，文章所说，银行和金融机构的投资者遭受了巨大损失，因此B选项可排除。C选项“金融公司出现了更多轻率的冒险行为”，文章所说，大型金融公司知道，如果他们的赌博适得其反，他们将得到救助，但是并没有提到他们出现

31、了更多的冒险行为。因此正确答案为D选项。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第六句We need to remember that TARP was a desperate program for desperate times（我们需要记住，不良资产救助计划是在危急时刻推出的危急计划）。由此可推测，作者对“拯救通用汽车和克莱斯勒”是积极的，支持的，因此C选项“支持的”正确。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段。A选项“TARP不会有效地解决美国经济面临的主要问题”，文章所说，TARP帮助银行渡过了危机，因此A选项可排除。B

32、选项“政客们对紧急援助的决定可能会受到公众舆论的影响”，文章所说TARP是在危急时刻推出的危急计划，但是会令人反感，公众可能会受到损失，因此可推测，政客们对TARP的决定可能会受到公众的舆论，因此B选项正确。C选项“很容易就能预测哪家银行会通过TARP存活下来”，文章只是提到人们无法预测哪些机构能够生存下来，因此C选项可排除。D选项“缺乏联邦救助计划将导致更多的损失”，文章所说政客们将不愿接受更多的救助，没有提到会造成损失，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。3. 单选题It is not compatible with the equalitarian ideal that there

33、should be sharp differences in the scale of monetary reward for services performed. In New Zealand, care of the underdog has long since been a more important consideration than is the case in many other countries. Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this

34、 has not been done without there taking place a narrowing of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denial of incentive to acquire skill, to strive for self-improvement. The countrys citizens have come to regard social security as their inalienable right, bu

35、t by taking too readily for granted the States obligation towards themselves they are apt to lose sight of the converse proposition that they themselves have obligations to the State.The reluctance to reward skilled labor at rates calculated to provide an incentive for acquiring skill has its counte

36、rpart in the reluctance to remunerate the nations best scholars and scientists on a scale sufficient to keep a fair proportion of them at home.The fact is often deplored that so many young men of the highest ability prefer to take up a career overseas, but it is doubtful whether higher salaries woul

37、d stem their exodus in more than a minor degree. Under any circumstances, regardless of monetary reward, the intellectual elite would be tempted to go abroad in search of a wider field of endeavor than can be found in so small a country as New Zealand.In a society where great wealth is regarded as a

38、ntisocial, it is natural that ostentation should be looked at askance. Marks of distinction are liable to be handicap. For instance, the politician who accepts a title does not usually improve his chances of gaining or retaining office by doing so. Richard Seddon, it will be remembered, consistently

39、 and doubtless wisely, refused to accept a knighthood. Wealth carries with it a minimum of prestige; it is a positive disadvantage to the aspirant to a political career. Strongly marked individuality or eccentricity are seldom in evidence among New Zealanders, and even where they do exist, the quali

40、ties are tolerated rather than appreciated. The rule of conformity prevails, and if the American writer, Sydney Greenbie, is to be believed, it has already produced a considerable measure of standardization among the inhabitants of the Dominion. “In face and feature, in mind and taste,” writes Green

41、bie, “the modern New Zealanders are so much alike that it is hard to remember the names of persons you meet casually for lack of distinguishing characteristics to which the eye can cling.”Under conditions such as those described above, it is not surprising that no privileged class should have come i

42、nto existence through long possession of landed estate or other permanent source of income. Nevertheless, the claim that New Zealanders have developed a classless society can scarcely be substantiated. Snobbery, when discouraged in one quarter, .is prone to appear in some new form elsewhere. Recent

43、investigations by A. A. Congalton and R. J. Havighurst show that there is a fairly well defined and universal appreciation of the graduated social status attaching to various social occupations. Results of a survey in which a cross section of the public was asked to answer a series of apposite quest

44、ions showed, for example, that doctors, lawyers, and big businessmen were graded above heads of Government Departments, clergymen, and university professors; that office workers rated higher than shop assistants, miners than wharf laborers, and so on. Incidentally, the investigation also brought to

45、light the fact that any attempt to inquire into the existence of social distinctions within the community invariably roused resentment.A privileged class being also a leisured class, its rejection is in keeping with a deep-seated belief that work has a virtue in its own right, without regard to its

46、usefulness. In pioneer days, when hands were few and subsistence hard to win, it was indeed a crime to remain idle, and the habit of seeing idleness as a vice has endured. At the beginning of the great slump, when Forbes the Prime Minister, shocked at what the had seen of the “dole” during a visit t

47、o England, declared that so long as he retained office there would be no payment without work, his words appealed to a moral precept deeply inculcated not only in the minds of reactionaries but of many radicals as well.1. One result of New Zealands effort to abolish poverty is _.2. Some high ability

48、 people prefer a career overseas because of _.3. Which of the following best describes the New Zealand society?4. New Zealand is not a classless society in that _.5. If people believe that work has a virtue in its own right, they will do all the following EXCEPT _.问题1选项A.sharp differences between th

49、e rich and the poorB.the egalitarian ideal becomes incompatibleC.care of the underdog becomes more importantD.skill learning and self-improvement are not desired问题2选项A.fierce competition at homeB.higher social status overseasC.more opportunities abroadD.monetary reward at home问题3选项A.OstentationB.Ecc

50、entricityC.IndividualityD.Conformity问题4选项A.snobbery is discouraged everywhere in New ZealandB.people with more wealth seem to enjoy a high social statusC.the difference between the rich and the poor is greatD.New Zealanders dont have a permanent source of income问题5选项A.see idleness as a viceB.try the

51、ir best not to be idleC.not accept a privileged classD.inquire into social distinctions【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this has not been done without there taking place a narrowing

52、 of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denial of incentive to acquire skill, to strive for self-improvement（历届政府可能会不无道理地宣称已经消除了贫困，但这一切都发生在对熟练工人和非熟练工人的报酬差距缩小的情况下，这就剥夺了人们获得技能、追求自我提高的动力）。D选项“技能学习和自我提高都不受欢迎”，文章第一段提到，消除贫困的结果就是剥夺了人们获得技能，追求自我提高的动力，D选项正确。A选项“贫富之

53、间的巨大差异”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“照顾弱者变得更加重要”，文章所说，照顾弱者早已成为比其他许多国家更重要的考虑因素，而不是消除贫困所带来的结果，可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一句The fact is often deplored that so many young men of the highest ability prefer to take up a career overseas, but it is doubtful whether higher salaries would stem their

54、exodus in more than a minor degree（事实往往令人遗憾的是，如此多的最有能力的年轻人宁愿在海外工作，但更高的薪水是否能阻止他们离开，而不仅仅是一个次要学位，这是值得怀疑的）。C选项“更多的机会在国外”，从文章来看，文章提到无论金钱的高低，知识精英们都会被诱惑到国外去寻找比新西兰这样一个小国更广阔的领域，也就可以推测，海外有更多的机会，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“国内竞争激烈”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“海外较高的社会地位”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。D选项“国内的金钱回报”，文章所说，无论经济回报的高低，知识精英们都会被诱惑到国外去，D

55、选项可排除。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段倒数第三句The rule of conformity prevails, and if the American writer, Sydney Greenbie, is to be believed, it has already produced a considerable measure of standardization among the inhabitants of the Dominion.（顺从的原则占上风，如果美国作家西德尼格林比的话可信的话，它已经在自治领居民中产生了相当程度

56、的标准化）。D选项“遵守；符合”，从文章来看，新西兰社会中顺从原则会占上风，可推测，遵守最能描述新西兰社会，D选项正确。A选项“卖弄；虚饰”，文章没有提到这一点，A选项可排除。B选项“古怪；怪癖”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除B选项。C选项“个性；个人”，文章所说强烈的个性或怪癖在新西兰人身上很少有明显的表现，即使有，这些品质也得到容忍而不是赞赏，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段倒数第二句Results of a survey in which a cross section of the public was asked to

57、answer a series of apposite questions showed, for example, that doctors, lawyers, and big businessmen were graded above heads of Government Departments, clergymen, and university professors; that office workers rated higher than shop assistants, miners than wharf laborers, and so on.（医生、律师、大商人等级高于政府

58、部门负责人、神职人员、大学教授”等一系列相关问题的调查结果显示，“医生、律师、大商人等级高于政府部门负责人、神职人员、大学教授等级”；办公室工作人员比店员得分高，矿工比码头工人得分高，等等）。也就可以推测，新西兰社会是存在着阶级关系，并且造成阶级关系明显的就是贫富差距。C选项“富人和穷人之间的差别很大”，符合文章内容，贫富差距造成的阶级关系，C选项正确。A选项“在新西兰，势利是不受欢迎的”，文章所说，势力如果被禁止，那么它就会在别的地方新出现，可排除A选项。B选项“富有的人似乎享有较高的社会地位”，文章没有提到富人会享受更高的社会地位，B选项可排除。D选项“新西兰人没有固定的收入来源”，文章没

59、有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段。D选项“探究社会差异”，文章没有提到这个内容，人们不会去探究社会的差异，D选项正确。A选项“把懒惰看成一种恶习”，可以定位到文章第六段第二句It was indeed a crime to remain idle, and the habit of seeing idleness as a vice has endured.（整天无所事事确实是一种罪过，把无所事事视为恶习的习惯一直存在着），也就是把懒惰看成一种恶习，A选项正确。B选项“尽量不闲着”，文章第六段第一句work has a

60、 virtue in its own right, without regard to its usefulness.（工作本身有一种优点，不管它有没有用处），当人们把工作视为一种美德的时候，那么可推测，人们会自愿出去工作，B选项可排除。C选项“不接受特权阶级”，文章第六段第一句A privileged class being also a leisured class, its rejection is in keeping with a deep-seated belief.（特权阶级也是一个悠闲的阶级，对它的排斥与一种根深蒂固的信念是一致的），可推测如果人们去工作，便不会接受特权，C选项

61、可排除。因此D选项正确。4. 翻译题Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times, crossroads gave birth to thriving market towns. Venice was built up around its canals, Industrial Britains development followed the route of railways and waterways. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how a

62、re the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport? Cities are now home to over half of the global population, and have a large role to play in reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality. This will need new technologies and new ways of organizing cities, alongside

63、efficiency gains. Many local governments are accelerating change through policy initiatives such as integrated transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable procurement and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move m

64、arkets in more sustainable directions. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.【答案】交通总是塑造着城市。在中世纪，十字路口孕育了繁荣的集镇。威尼斯建在运河周围，英国工业的发展沿着铁路和水路。许多北美城市都是为汽车而建的。但是，对可持续交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市现在居住着全球一半以上的人口，在减少碳排放和改善空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。这将需要新技术和组织城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。许多地方政府正在通过诸如综合交通、拥堵费和低排放区、可持续采购和生命周期成本、以及向企业和学术界开放数据等政策举措加速变革。这些城市层面的政策可以推动市场向更可持续的方向发展。例如，伦敦