2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题44（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The book might well have（ ） had it been less expensive.问题1选项A.worked outB.gone throughC.fitted inD.caught on【答案】D【解析】动词短语含义辨析。work out“解决, 算出, 实现”;go through“检查, 通过”;fit in“适应, 适合”;catch on“理解, 变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话, 可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题My mother raised me as best

2、 as she could, taking on odd jobs in the neighborhood for money. Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me, I felt lost. I wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York. They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to

3、get what they wanted. I wanted to be like them.It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline, after following my mothers advice. During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, and my thoughts often ran to my mother. I realized suddenly just how mu

4、ch of a heartache I must have been to her, how little I had noticed her suffering. When my father left this world, my mother was completely alone. To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors. And as she worked hard at this labor, she kept her head h

5、igh. Each week she would bring a pile of books home from the library and read to us. My mother had wanted nothing more than for me to turn into an honest responsible man. But I had acted against her. Finally, almost too late I had the sense to feel shame.Ten years passed and I returned to the apartm

6、ent on the East Side. I knew I wouldnt fall back in with the wrong people, although I still wasnt sure where I was heading. My mother, I could tell was worried about me. In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of significant social success and achievement. For me i

7、t was an opportunity for a real start in life. I wondered if I was up to it, but I knew that it was time to try. When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighters oath of office, my mother was sitting a few rows behind with a smile of relief. She knew that at last I was o

8、ff on lifes road and moving steadily. Her smile said, “My job is finally done.”1.From this story, we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a （ ） area.2.The author used to behave himself （ ） .3.From the context, we understand that “odd jobs” in the first paragraph refer to jobs （ ） .4.In t

9、he first sentence of the second paragraph, the author says “It was lucky for me that.” The lucky experience he talks about here is his experience of （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.commercialB.richC.poorD.distant问题2选项A.oddlyB.toughlyC.remarkablyD.badly问题3选项A.of cleaning, wash

10、ing and ironingB.which are not regular or fixedC.which one can make extra money withD.with house work问题4选项A.the three years of military serviceB.leaving a world of disciplineC.leaving the city and his motherD.fighting with tough guys问题5选项A.After her husband died, his mother did all available jobs to

11、 support the family.B.The author was surprised that he was accepted as a firefighter.C.The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man.D.In face of poverty, his mother never lowered her head. She bravely struggled on.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】

12、1.根据第一段“They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted.”他们会为一枚掉在地上的硬币疯狂地打斗, 他们会去偷想要的东西。由此可以推断, 这个地区很贫穷, 选项C正确。2.信息推断题。根据第二段的首句“It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline,.”我很幸运, 在听从了母亲的建议后, 我离开了这座城市, 进入了一个有纪律的世界。根据“discipline”可推测,

13、 作者以前的表现应该是badly, 选项D最恰当。3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段, 可知“odd jobs”是母亲做的工作。再根据第二段“To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors.”所以选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句“During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, .”可知, 作者觉得幸运的经历是在部队服役的三年经历。选项A正确

14、。5.信息推断题。根据第二段后半部分的内容可知选项A和D正确;根据第二段最后三句“My mother had . the sense to feel shame.”可知选项C也正确;所以本题选B。3. 单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （ ） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。4. 单选

15、题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ） at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth.表示“对.感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。5. 单选题Unless you lived through the Eisenhowe

16、r era, it may be hard to imagine the impact of the on-screen sight of sneering high-school students challenging adults with switch-blades. But in 1950s America, killing was still seen as something rare and horrible, something done by soldiers in battle, by lawmen, by gangsters, or by the occasional

17、psychopath.Homicides in movies, even those considered violent, were infrequent. Those films presented juvenile delinquency more as the thread of rebellion and disobedience than of outright violence.The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression. The change in 1957 when a wave of te

18、en-street-gang killing in New York City (22 in the first six months of the year) spurred the emergency deployment of six hundred Police Academy cadets in a war on teen street crime. Though teen violence soon lost its place in news headlines to other crises, it did not go away.Thirty-five years later

19、 America is in the grip of a violence epidemic that has transformed the country into one of the most dangerous nations on earth. The national homicide rate, corrected for population growth, increased almost exactly 100 percent from 1950 to 1990. In major cities the increase has been much higher. In

20、Los Angeles County the 1953 homicide total was 82. In 1992, with a population almost doubled, the total was 2, 512一an increase of over 1, 000 percent. These are staggering increase by any measure, with the one-year toll for L. A. County exceeding the deaths in over fifteen years of conflict in North

21、ern Ireland.Youth crime accounts for a disproportionate number of these killings. Thats more than twice the number recorded a decade earlier, reflecting the fact, according to FBI reports, that the number of youths who committed murder with guns was up 79 percent in one decade. Clearly something has

22、 gone horribly wrong. In looking for a root cause, one of the most obvious differences in the social and cultural fabric between post-World War II and pre-World War II America is the massive and pervasive exposure of American youth to television. Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists and medical re

23、searchers have been examining screen violence as a possible causative element in Americas spiraling violent crime rate. There is compelling evidence of a direct, demonstrable link. Homicide has become the second leading cause among African-American youth. In 1992 the US surgeon general cited violenc

24、e as the leading cause of injury to women aged 15 to 44, and the US Centers for Disease Control consider violence a public health issue, to be treated as an epidemic.1.From the passage we can infer that （ ） .2.Which of the following is not true?3.A major reason for youth crime increase is （ ） .4.It

25、is a fact, in 1992, that （ ） .5.The word “spiraling”（Para.5） is close in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.from the 1950s on high-school students have been a threat to the safety of adultsB.in the 1950s only some gun-men used gun as weaponsC.it was in the late 1950s that violence was frequentD.youth crime bega

26、n in the 1950s问题2选项A.There were more than 22 killings of teenagers in New York, in 1957.B.The wave of teen murder urged policemen to take a quick action.C.Violence was so emergent that even six hundred students of Police Academy were turned to for help.D.Six hundred students of Police Academy were i

27、nvolved in the street crime.问题3选项A.population grows too muchB.young people are exposed too much to screen violenceC.violence is a public issueD.the economic background问题4选项A.population in Los Angeles was of 2, 512 peopleB.homicide totaled 352 in Los AngelesC.homicide rose up to 2, 512 in Los Angeles

28、D.population in Los Angeles was over 1, 512问题5选项A.movingB.changingC.risingD.falling【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知没有提及高中生对成年人的安全构成威胁, 所以选项A错误;选项B在文中也没有提及;根据二三段的内容, 在20世纪50年代的美国很难想象青少年犯罪, 然而确实发生了, “The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression.”由此可以推断, 选项D正确。原文主

29、要说的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力, 所以选项C不正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“The change in 1957 . teen street crime.”1957年, 纽约市发生了一起青少年街头帮派杀人事件(今年前6个月有22起), 促使600名警察学院学员紧急部署, 以打击青少年街头犯罪。所以选项D错误。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段“Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists . demonstrable link.”自20世纪50年代以来, 行为科学家和医学研究人员一直在研究银幕暴力, 认为它可能是美国不断上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的

30、证据表明, 两者之间存在直接的联系。所以选项B正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段倒数两句“In Los Angeles County . of over 1, 000 percent.”1953年洛杉矶县共有82个杀人犯。1992年, 杀人犯总数达到2512, 几乎翻了一番增加超过1000%。选项C正确。5.词义理解题。根据原文句意可知, “spiraling”指急剧增长的。选项C与之意思相近。6. 单选题After four years in the same job his enthusiasms finally （ ） .问题1选项A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.di

31、ssipatedD.drained【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated恶化,变质；dissipated消散,浪费；drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste，drain相当于use too much，所以选项D更恰当。7. 单选题These small companies now have their own（ ）identity.问题1选项A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的

32、, 小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。8. 写作题You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words with the title: My View on Terrorist Activities in Some Countries. Do your composition neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】My View on Terrorist Acti

33、vities in Some Countries9. 单选题As regards to the development of moral standards in the growing child, （ ） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.问题1选项A.persistenceB.regularityC.consistencyD.conformity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。persi

34、stence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当10. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） further research and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.a

35、rouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Honesty no longer seems to be the best policy with telling of lies becoming a common part of our daily lives. A new research by a psychologist has revealed that mos

36、t people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent.（1） “ People tell a considerable number of lies in everyday conversation. It was a very surprising result. We didnt expect lying to be such a part of daily conversation,” said Robert Feldman.The study also fou

37、nd that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity. （2） “Women were more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better,” Feldman noted.As part of the study, a group of 121 pairs of undergraduate stu

38、dents were recruited to participate. （3） Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped. At the end of the session, the students were then asked to watch the video of them and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify a

39、ll lies, no matter how big or small.Feldman said the students who participated in the study were surprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had, ” Feldman said. The lies the students told varied con

40、siderably. （4） Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band.“Its so easy to lie,” Feldman said. “We teach our children to be honest, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they like a birthday gift theyve been given. （5） .”问题1选项A.The results showed that men d

41、o not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not

42、.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people li

43、ed at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题2选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie

44、in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to

45、 examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and t

46、old an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题3选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message rega

47、rding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone ne

48、w.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the know

49、ledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题4选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an im

50、pact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and chil

51、dren lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really

52、 hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题5选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relative

53、ly minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in th

54、e Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.【答案】第1

55、题:F第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“The study also found that.”可推测, 填空处的内容应该也是描述这项研究的一些发现。所以选项F正确。2.根据上句, 研究还发现, 男性和女性说谎的内容不同, 但数量没什么不同。而填空处下文描述的是男性和女性撒谎的不同方式。结合上下文, 选项A能起到连接上下文的作用, 所以正确。3.上句提到, 作为研究的一部分, 研究人员招募了121对本科生参与其中。下文也都是和研究相关的内容, 而剩下的选项中和研究相关的只有选项D。4.根据下文的“Others were more extreme

56、, .”可推测, 这里是研究结果进行比较, 所以前面应该是“Some were.”, 选项C符合原文语境。5.根据上文, 我们教孩子们要诚实, 但我们也告诉他们, 假装他们喜欢别人送给他们的生日礼物是有礼貌的。由此可知, 孩子们得到的关于说谎的实际方面的信息非常复杂, 这对他们成年后的行为是有影响的。所以选项B符合原文语境。12. 单选题Donations are needed to （ ） our child-care programs.问题1选项A.implementB.validateC.strengthenD.approve【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，实现；

57、validate证实，确认；strengthen加强，巩固；approve批准，赞成。句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） but lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝不；all but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排

58、除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemistry

59、of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3） salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact

60、 is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had

61、known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ） is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before

62、they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ） of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we （15 ） what we know now.问题1选项A.LikewiseB.BesidesC.ThusD.Otherwise问题2选项A.andB.thenC.henceD.or问题3选项A.entireB.complete