2022年考博英语-北京大学考前模拟强化练习题36（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Boris Yeltsin, Russias president, died. His funeral in Moscow was attended by a bevy of world leaders past and present.问题1选项A.priorB.pastC.formerD.late【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。prior“优先的”；past“过去的”；former“从前的”；late“迟的；已故的”。本句说的是俄罗斯前总统去世，表示“前任”一般用former，因此C现象符合题意。2. 名词解释(1)

2、 Contrary to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment.Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression, Bruce said. But

3、 more often in older people its anhedoniatheyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky.(2) She added: “Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in

4、older people.Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says Life is not worth living, I dont see any point in living, Id be better off dead or My family would be better off if I died, the experts emphasized.Listen carefully, empathize and help the pers

5、on get evaluated for treatment or into treatment, Brown urgeD. (3) He warned that depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms than younger adults who are depressed.The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. (4) Brown recommended that older adults structure the

6、ir days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.He suggested social activities of any typejoining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging out at the coffee shop.

7、Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum.(5) Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their

8、problems.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER【答案】1. Many people think depression is natural in the process of getting older, but this idea is wrong.2. She added: “Many older people

9、 lose their faith in the quality of lives in old age. Depression in older people can hardly be found if their certain body is not available or they get sick badly.”3. He reminded that “Symptoms on depressed older adults is fewer than those on depressed younger adults.”4.Brown suggests that older peo

10、ple should arrange their daily life by keeping a regular life cycle and planning activities, which offer them happiness, purpose and motive for living5. Brown indicates that any activity the person is able to do can help avoid depression and thoughts of suicide. He also suggests that older people sh

11、ould share the problems with others.3. 单选题Retirees looking to stretch their pensions might consider spending their golden years in Ecuador, Panama or Mexico, _cost of living is low and the weather is warm, according to a new index.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是一个完整的句子，因此逗号后需要一个

12、关系词修饰表示地点的先行词“Educator, Pnama or Mexico”，后面的非限定性定语从句中不缺主要成分，因此关系词在从句中充当状语，只有C选项where符合要求。句意：一项新数据表明，希望延长养老金的退休人员可能会考虑在厄瓜多尔、巴拿马或墨西哥度过他们的黄金岁月，因为那里的生活成本较低，而且天气温暖。4. 单选题A（ ）, he was probably one of the most realistic writers of his day.问题1选项A.self-confessing romanticB.self-confessed romanceC.self-confes

13、sing romanceD.self-confessed romantic【答案】D【解析】考查词性辨析。self-confessing无此用法，排除A和C选项；self-confessed“自认为的”。根据后半句可知选项的重心是描述一个人，因此选择romantic“浪漫的人”，而romance“传奇，浪漫史，冒险故事”不符合句意。因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题A Survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food shopping experience and are happy to_their way a

14、round the aisles searching out products.问题1选项A.driveB.steerC.navigateD.voyage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage “航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与ones way around搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题Experiments suggest that s

15、eason of birth dramatically affects the speed the body clock ticks.问题1选项A.at whichB.for whichC.on whichD.in which【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。题干中先行词是the speed，只有at可以搭配。句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。因此选项A符合题意。7. 单选题I was supposed to go to a concert with your sister the other night, but you

16、r sister didnt turn up. I cant believe I have been（ ）.问题1选项A.given upB.stood upC.left upD.taken up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。give up“放弃”；stand up“坚持；站起来”；leave up“放某人鸽子”；take up“占据”。句意：那天晚上我本来要和你妹妹去听音乐会的，但是你妹妹没有来。不敢相信我居然被。因此C选项符合句意。8. 名词解释(1) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory i

17、s to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence

18、and omniscience. (2) Selfknowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It

19、 should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.(3) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history

20、is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (4) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is fo

21、rever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (5) A nations history must be both the guide and the domain not

22、 so much of its historians as its citizens.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER【答案】1.History is to a nation what memory is to a person, so keep it in mind is helpful.2.Self-knowled

23、ge is an essential premise for self-control of the nation and individual.3.If a nation can learn a lot from its history lessons, it is well prepared for controlling the impulsion of resorting to force.4.History is not constant and invariable.5.The history of a nation is the director and researching

24、field of its citizens rather than its historians.9. 单选题Many adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows th

25、at adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressu

26、re. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily b

27、lood pressure. And the heart isnt the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brains ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood

28、pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation betwe

29、en “modest” sleep deprivation less than six hours and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. Youll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves every

30、one else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire, resulting

31、in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling

32、 of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well. For a second, imagine all of your memori

33、es are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them. Its a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it,

34、 our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile” memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the minds lon

35、g-term cache.1.According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”？2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?3.Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”？4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?5.What effects of sleep

36、deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?问题1选项A.To sleep for an average period of time.B.To sleep deeply without dreaming.C.To sleep less than needed.D.To sleep modestly.问题2选项A.When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B.When

37、everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C.Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system,D.Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.问题3选项A.It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.

38、B.It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C.Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REMsleep.D.Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when yourbrain is waking up.问题4选项A.Memorie

39、s are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B.Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C.You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a nights sleep.D.Long-term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.问题5选项A.High blood pressure, a toughened immune sys

40、tem, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B.Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long-term memory.C.Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D.High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.语义题。题干

41、：根据本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest” sleep deprivation less than six hours and reduced immune response”说明“modest”sleep deprivation指的是少于6小时的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小时的睡眠

42、。因此C 选项符合题意。2.判断推理题。题干：根据第3段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？第三段最后一句“Youll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days”，别人生病后就会意识到多睡一小时的好处，对应B选项的内容。3.细节题。题干：为什么会有所谓的“睡眠瘫痪症”?第四段第三句中提到了“Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is

43、aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state”，可知“睡眠瘫痪症”发生在大脑从快速眼动周期唤醒时，身体仍保持不动状态，因此D选项符合题意。4.细节题。题干：根据最后一段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？最后一段最后一句提到“REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile” memories the brain creates throughout the day”表明大脑一天产生的记忆是脆弱的，需要睡眠帮忙巩固记忆。因此B选项符合题意。5.

44、细节题。题干：睡眠不足对人的身心有什么影响？第二段提到“elevated blood pressure”；第三段提到“reduced immune system”;第四段提到“sleep paralysis”；最后一段提到“memory loss”，因此D选项符合题意。10. 单选题Men commit motoring offences as women, according to the Home Office figures.问题1选项A.nine times ofB.as nine timesC.nine times that ofD.nine time as many【答案】D【解析

45、】考查语法知识。对比选项可知本题考查倍数。与times相关的倍数表达方式为：A is N times (形容词比较级) than B。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题In time，the woman was persuaded to try this new form of discipline and to（ ）a failure to go to time out by the withdrawal of some privilege.问题1选项A.back offB.back upC.back downD.back with【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。back off“后腿；

46、卸下”；back up“支持；承认；证实”；back down“放弃，让步”；back with，无此短语用法。句意：后来,这个女的被说服去试着接受这项新处罚，自己的过错,并被撤销了一些特权暂停了工作。因此B选项符合题意。12. 单选题Experimental sciences, based on the observation of the external world, cannot aspire to completeness; the nature of things, and the imperfection of our organs,_.问题1选项A.are likely opp

47、osing itB.are opposed to it and the likeC.are alike opposed itD.are opposing it likewise【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。be opposed to“反对”是固定用法，and the like“等等”。句意：实验科学是建立在对外部世界的观察基础上的，不能追求完备;事物的本质和我们器官的缺陷等等都与之相违背。因此B选项符合题意。13. 单选题A considerable part of s appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance with inti

48、macy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities become engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real danger with is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity, it

49、threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, independent-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. s isolation is a grind. Whats truly staggering a

50、bout usage is not its volume 750 million photographs uploaded over a single weekend but the constancy of the performance it demands. More than half its users and one of every 13 people on Earth is a user log on every day. Among 18-to-34-year- olds, nearly half check minutes after waking up, and 28 p

51、ercent do so before getting out of bed. The relentlessness is what is so new, so potentially transformative. never takes a break. We never take a break. Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning, before we even pour a cup of coffee.

52、Nostalgia for the good old days of disconnection would not just be pointless, it would be hypocritical and ungrateful. But the very magic of the new machines, the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us, obscures what isnt being served: everything that matters. What has revealed about human

53、 nature and this is not a minor revelation is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more liberated version of humanity. Solitude used to be good for self-reflection and self- reinvention. Bu

54、t now we are left talking about who we are all the time, without ever really thinking about who we are. denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect.1.Which of the following statements regarding the power of c

55、an be inferred from the passage?2.hich of the following statements about the underside of is supported by theinformation contained in this passage?3.Which of the following best states “the new isolation” mentioned by the author?4.Which of the following belongs to the category of “everything that mat

56、ters” according to the passage?5.Which of the following conclusions about does the author want us to draw?问题1选项A.It creates the isolation people want.B.It delivers a more friendly world.C.It produces intimacy people lack in the real world.D.It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of human

57、 interaction.问题2选项A.It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.B.It causes social disintegration.C.It makes people vainer.D.It makes people lonelier.问题3选项A.It is full of the spirit of adventure.B.It is the extension of individualism.C.It has a touch of narcissism.D.It evolves from the

58、appetite for independence.问题4选项A.Constant connection.B.Instant communication.C.Smooth sociability.D.A human bond.问题5选项A.It creates friendship.B.It denies us the pleasure of socializing.C.It opens a new world for us.D.It draws us into a paradox.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章中，我们可以推

59、断出以下哪个关于力量的陈述？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”可知给予了人们想要的孤独，同时又满足了人们自恋的心理。选项A符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：以下哪一项关于的负面陈述得到了这篇文章所包含信息的支持？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”以及最后两句“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-present

60、ation. But not all the time, not every morning”可知让人们变得越来越虚荣，时刻想着去展示自己。原文中的vanity与选项C中的vanier是同根词。因此选型C符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一种表述最好？由题干中关键词“the new isolation”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude ”，加上第一段最后两句“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-p

61、resentation. But not all the time, not every morning”，可知改变了孤独的本质，人们时时刻刻想着在上展现自我（自恋）。因此选项C符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：根据短文，下列哪一项属于“每一样重要的东西”范畴？由题干中关键词“eveverything that matters”定位到第二段第二句。由第二段第三句中“ is that connetion is not thte same thing as a bond,and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket

62、to a happier, better world pr more liberated version of humanity”可知instant andtotalconnections与a bond 不同，是不太重要的东西。由此可推出a human bond是重要的东西。因此选项D符合题意。5.细节推理题。题干：关于，作者希望我们得出以下哪一结论？根据第二段最后一句“ denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect”，作者认为夺走了我们的快乐，而我们低估了这种快乐的深奥之处。因此选项B符合题意。14. 单选题_ they think it will come to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a political event, wha